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Assignment 1 On Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

The document contains multiple-choice questions focused on nucleic acids and protein synthesis, covering topics such as the structure of DNA, DNA replication, RNA and transcription, translation, genetic code, mutations, and experimental techniques. Each section includes questions about key concepts and processes related to molecular biology. This resource is likely intended for educational purposes to assess knowledge in genetics and biochemistry.

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hanaabbasi2007
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11 views4 pages

Assignment 1 On Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

The document contains multiple-choice questions focused on nucleic acids and protein synthesis, covering topics such as the structure of DNA, DNA replication, RNA and transcription, translation, genetic code, mutations, and experimental techniques. Each section includes questions about key concepts and processes related to molecular biology. This resource is likely intended for educational purposes to assess knowledge in genetics and biochemistry.

Uploaded by

hanaabbasi2007
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name:………………………………………………………………..

Date……………………………………………………………..

Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Multiple-Choice Questions


1. Structure of Nucleic Acids

1. Which of the following is not found in a DNA nucleotide?


A. Deoxyribose
B. Thymine
C. Phosphate group
D. Ribose
2. What type of bond joins adjacent nucleotides in the sugar-phosphate backbone of
DNA?
A. Hydrogen bond
B. Ionic bond
C. Phosphodiester bond
D. Peptide bond
3. Which nitrogenous base is complementary to cytosine in DNA?
A. Adenine
B. Guanine
C. Thymine
D. Uracil
4. How many hydrogen bonds form between adenine and thymine in DNA?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

2. DNA Replication

5. Which enzyme unwinds the DNA helix during replication?


A. DNA polymerase
B. Helicase
C. Ligase
D. RNA primase
6. What is the role of DNA ligase in replication?
A. To unwind the DNA helix
B. To seal gaps between Okazaki fragments
C. To add nucleotides to the leading strand
D. To synthesize RNA primers
7. In which direction does DNA polymerase synthesize new DNA?
A. 3’ to 5’
B. 5’ to 3’
C. Both directions
D. Randomly
3. RNA and Transcription

8. Which of the following is not a feature of RNA?


A. Single-stranded structure
B. Thymine as a nitrogenous base
C. Ribose sugar
D. Uracil instead of thymine
9. What is the primary function of mRNA?
A. To catalyze peptide bond formation
B. To carry genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
C. To transfer amino acids to the ribosome
D. To act as a structural component of ribosomes
10. Which enzyme is responsible for transcription?
A. RNA polymerase
B. DNA polymerase
C. Helicase
D. Ligase
11. What is the region of DNA where transcription begins?
A. Operator
B. Promoter
C. Enhancer
D. Terminator
12. In eukaryotes, what happens to mRNA before it leaves the nucleus?
A. It is translated into protein
B. It is degraded by enzymes
C. It is spliced and capped
D. It forms Okazaki fragments

4. Translation and Protein Synthesis

13. Where does translation occur in a cell?


A. Nucleus
B. Ribosome
C. Mitochondria
D. Golgi apparatus
14. Which molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation?
A. mRNA
B. tRNA
C. rRNA
D. DNA
15. What is the three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA called?
A. Codon
B. Anticodon
C. Exon
D. Intron
16. Which type of bond forms between amino acids during translation?
A. Phosphodiester bond
B. Peptide bond
C. Hydrogen bond
D. Glycosidic bond
17. What is the start codon for translation?
A. UAA
B. AUG
C. UAG
D. UGA
18. The anticodon of a tRNA molecule that binds to the start codon is:
A. UAC
B. AUG
C. ATG
D. TAC

5. Genetic Code and Mutations

19. The genetic code is described as being degenerate because:


A. It is the same in all organisms
B. A single amino acid can be coded for by multiple codons
C. Each codon codes for more than one amino acid
D. It can mutate easily
20. Which of the following is a point mutation?
A. Insertion of three nucleotides
B. Deletion of a codon
C. Substitution of a single base
D. Duplication of a gene
21. A mutation that does not alter the amino acid sequence of a protein is called:
A. Nonsense mutation
B. Missense mutation
C. Silent mutation
D. Frameshift mutation

6. Experimental Techniques

22. Which technique is used to amplify DNA?


A. Gel electrophoresis
B. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
C. Southern blotting
D. Chromatography
23. What is the role of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?
A. To unwind DNA
B. To cut DNA at specific sequences
C. To amplify DNA
D. To join DNA fragments
24. During gel electrophoresis, DNA fragments move toward the:
A. Positive electrode
B. Negative electrode
C. Neutral electrode
D. Both electrodes
25. Which of the following describes the function of a DNA probe?
A. It cuts DNA into fragments
B. It amplifies a DNA sequence
C. It binds to a complementary DNA sequence for identification
D. It separates DNA strands

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