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Week 5 Lecture Funct Eng 15102023 111547pm

The document provides an overview of conditional sentences in English, detailing the structure and usage of zero, first, second, and third conditionals. Each type is explained with examples to illustrate their application in different contexts, such as true or untrue situations in the present, future, and past. Additionally, it includes exercises for practice.

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Ali Raza
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15 views13 pages

Week 5 Lecture Funct Eng 15102023 111547pm

The document provides an overview of conditional sentences in English, detailing the structure and usage of zero, first, second, and third conditionals. Each type is explained with examples to illustrate their application in different contexts, such as true or untrue situations in the present, future, and past. Additionally, it includes exercises for practice.

Uploaded by

Ali Raza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Conditional

Sentences
FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH
MS SADAF FATIMA
Overview of Basic Verb Forms
Used in Conditional Sentences
Situation If-clause Result clause Examples

True in the simple present will + simple form If I have enough


Present/Future time, I watch TV
every evening.
If I have enough
time, I will watch TV
later on tonight.
Untrue in the simple past would + simple form If I had enough time,
Present/Future I would watch TV
now or later on.
Untrue in the Past past perfect would have + past If I had had enough
participle time, I would have
watched TV
yesterday.
Zero Conditional
We can make a zero conditional sentence with two present simple verbs
(one in the 'if clause' and one in the 'main clause'): If + present simple,
.... present simple.
This conditional is used when the result will always happen. So, if water
reaches 100 degrees, it always boils. It's a fact. I'm talking in general, not
about one particular situation. The result of the 'if clause' is always the
main clause.
The 'if' in this conditional can usually be replaced by 'when' without
changing the meaning.
For example: If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils. (It is always true,
there can't be a different result sometimes).
If I eat peanuts, I am sick. (This is true only for me, maybe, not for
everyone, but it's still true that I'm sick every time I eat peanuts)
First Conditional
The first conditional has the present simple after 'if', then the future
simple in the other clause:
if + present simple, ... will + infinitive
It's used to talk about things which might happen in the future. Of
course, we can't know what will happen in the future, but this describes
possible things, which could easily come true
Examples:
If it rains, I won't go to the park.
If I study today, I'll go to the party tonight.
If I have enough money, I'll buy some new shoes.
She'll be late if the train is delayed.
She'll miss the bus if she doesn't leave soon.
Second Conditional
The second conditional uses the past simple after if, then 'would' and the
infinitive:
if + past simple, ...would + infinitive (We can use 'were' instead of 'was'
with 'I' and 'he/she/it'. This is mostly done in formal writing). It has two
uses. First, we can use it to talk about things in the future that are
probably not going to be true. Maybe I'm imagining some dream for
example.
Examples:
If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house.(I probably won't win the
lottery)
If I met the Queen of England, I would say hello.
She would travel all over the world if she were rich.
She would pass the exam if she ever studied.(She never studies, so this
won't happen)
Second, we can use it to talk about something in the present which is
impossible, because it's not true. Is that clear? Have a look at the
examples:
If I had his number, I would call him. (I don't have his number now, so
it's impossible for me to call him).
If I were you, I wouldn't go out with that man.
Third Conditional
We make the third conditional by using the past perfect after 'if' and
then 'would have' and the past participle in the second part of the
sentence: if + past perfect, ...would + have + past participle
It talks about the past. It's used to describe a situation that didn't happen,
and to imagine the result of this situation.
Examples:
If she had studied, she would have passed the exam (but, really we know
she didn't study and so she didn't pass)
If I hadn't eaten so much, I wouldn't have felt sick (but I did eat a lot,
and so I did feel sick).
If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn't have missed the plane
She wouldn't have been tired if she had gone to bed earlier
Exercise:
If we _________ (hear) the weather forecast, we wouldn’t have gone to the
beach.
What _________ (you/buy) if you had a credit card?
If Susan had taken the map, she ________ (not get) lost.
Where would you go on holiday if you _________ (can) choose?
The teacher _________ (be) angry if you didn’t do your homework.
What _______ (you/ give) me if it were my birthday tomorrow?
If we recycle more, there _________ (not be) so much rubbish.
If they had something to eat, they __________ (not be) hungry.
If he _________ (not study) now, he won’t have time later.
Thank You

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