North South University

Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering

EEE 111 / ETE 111 – Lab

Analog Electronics – 1

Course Section :6
Faculty : AQU
Lab Instructor : Mehrab Hossain Likhonn

Experiment No : 03
Experiment Name : Half-Wave Rectifier Circuit

Date of Performance : 19/02/2025

Date of Submission :26/02/2025

Lab Report
Group Member’s Name ID Writer Signature

Abdullah Al Towhid 2031045642 □

Sibgat Ul Islam 2111920642 □
Nazifa Tahsin 2132652642 □
Zaid Zarifur Rahman 2131819642 □
Group No : 7
Experiment Name:
Half-Wave Rectifier Circuit
Objective:
Study of different diode rectifier circuits.
Theory:
A diode will let current to flow in forward bias conditions but not in reverse bias
conditions, according to the results of the preceding diode experiment. Using
that property, a rectifier "rectifies" an AC signal's negative half cycle into a
positive half cycle, converting it to a DC signal.

One part that can step up or step down the voltage of an input AC signal is the
voltage converter/transformer (DOES NOT WORK FOR DC SIGNALS!!!). A
primary coil and a secondary coil make up this device. Depending on the
application, each transformer has a different number of coils; step-up
transformers have more secondary coil turns, while step-down transformers
have more primary coil turns.

Figure 1.3:Working principle of rectifier transformer.

Diode rectifier can be categorized in two major types. They are -

1. Half-wave rectifier.
 2. Full-wave rectifier

One diode and transformer are used in the circuit of a half wave rectifier, as
shown in the diagram below. The load receives around half the input power
when the negative half cycles are brought to zero, resulting in a lower average
DC voltage.

Figure 1.1 (a): Diagram of a Half Wave Rectifier.

Figure 1.1 (b): Output of a Half Wave Rectifier.

In contrast, a Full Wave Rectifier is a circuit that uses a transformer and several
diodes, as shown in the diagram below. The load now receives the majority of
the input power after the negative half cycles are rectified to become positive
half cycles
 .
Below are full wave rectifiers:
Utilizing a center-tapped transformer, a full wave rectifier
The load will be between the diode and the center tap, and two diodes will be attached to
the transformer's ends. The circuit schematic is displayed in figure 1.2(a) below.
However, the use of the transformer makes this version of the FW rectifier heavy and
costly.

Full Wave bridge rectifier: As shown in figure 1.2 (b), the FW bridge rectifier resolves
the problems from the previous FW rectifier. A bridge connection, which eliminates the
need for a transformer and uses four diodes to achieve the same outcomes, uses less space
and is more economical.

Figure 1.2 (a): Diagram of a Full Wave Rectifier.

Figure 1.2 (b): Diagram of a Full Wave Bridge Rectifier.

Source: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/rectifier

Figure 1.2 (c): Output of a Full Wave Rectifier.

 Even with the enhancements, ripples are still visible in the output, which is not a
smooth DC waveform. A filter capacitor placed across the load can decrease this
ripple while also raising the average voltage. Below is a view of the output
waveform:

Figure 1.3: Rectifier Circuit with Filter Capacitor

Equipment List:
Serial NO. Components Specification Quantity
1. Diode 1N4007 4 pieces
2. Resistor 10kΩ 1 piece
3. Capacitor 0.22 μF 1 piece each
1 μF
10 μF
4. Signal Generator 1 unit
5. Digital Multimeter 1 unit
6. Oscilloscope 1 unit
7. Bread Board 1 unit
8. Wires As required
9. Transformer 12V-1A-50Hz
Circuit Diagram :

:
Data, Results and Graph:

Vin (Vpp) Vin (max) Vin (min) Vout(max) Vout(min)

10.5 V 5.12 V -5.36 V 4.80 V 0.00 V

Table 1: Experimental Data from Half Wave Rectifier without Capacitor, Input data.

Figure 3.1 (a): Input graph of HW Rectifier without Capacitor. Horizontal Axis
represents time (ms), and the Vertical axis represents Vin (V)
Figure 3.1 (b): Output graph of HW Rectifier without Capacitor. Horizontal Axis
represents time (ms), and the Vertical axis represents Vin (V)

Vin (Vpp) Vin (max) Vin (min) Vout (max) Vout (min)
10.5 V 5.12 V -5.36 V 4.64 V 2.88 V
\
Table 2: Experimental Data from Full Wave Rectifier with Capacitor, Output data.

Figure 3.2: Output graph of FW Rectifier with Capacitor. Horizontal Axis represents
time (ms), and the Vertical axis represents Vin (V)
Results and Discussion:
We configured a Full Wave Bridge Rectifier circuit and a step-down transformer
for the experiment. Values of rectifiers with and without the capacitor were
examined and documented. Although ripples persisted, we could observe that the
negative half cycles were changed to positive half cycles. To counteract this, a
capacitor was added in parallel to the load to further reduce the ripple impact. The
oscilloscope readings and waveform showed that the capacitance of the capacitor
utilized had a beneficial impact on the strength of this flattening. The rectifier
with the capacitor had a lower Vpp than the one without, indicating that the ripple
was significantly lessened and that a steady DC signal was being produced.

Conclusion:
We gained knowledge about the Full Wave Rectifier from this experiment.
Because they can convert negative half cycles to positive half cycles while
maintaining a higher power output than half wave rectifiers, FW rectifiers are
superior to HW rectifiers. In order to correct the ripple in the output waveform
and generate a more stable DC signal, full wave rectifiers can also be enhanced by
bridging diodes and adding a capacitor.

References:

https://www.derf.com/how-a-bridge-rectifier-works-step-by-step-tutorial/
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/bridge-rectifier/