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Questions & Discussion (8-9) Lab3

The document outlines key electrical principles including the Current Division Rule and Kirchhoff's laws, detailing their application in experimental circuits. It verifies Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) and Current Law (KCL) through calculations and experimental data, showing minimal error between theoretical and experimental values. The discussion emphasizes the successful application of these laws and the learning experience gained from using simulation software.

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35 views4 pages

Questions & Discussion (8-9) Lab3

The document outlines key electrical principles including the Current Division Rule and Kirchhoff's laws, detailing their application in experimental circuits. It verifies Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) and Current Law (KCL) through calculations and experimental data, showing minimal error between theoretical and experimental values. The discussion emphasizes the successful application of these laws and the learning experience gained from using simulation software.

Uploaded by

fmojo541
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Questions:

1. State the current division rule.


Answer: Current Division Rule:
When a current flows into a parallel network, it distributes itself among the
branches based on their resistances. The lower the resistance of a branch, the
higher the share of the current it receives.

2. State the Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL).


Answer: Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL):
Kirchhoff’s Current Law states that at any junction in an electrical circuit, the total
amount of current flowing into the junction must be equal to the total current
flowing out. This ensures that the charge is conserved and does not accumulate at
any point.

3. With the experimental data, verify Kirchhoff’s voltage law in Circuit 1 within
each independent closed loop of the circuit.
Answer: Here,
Ve= 10 V, Vs= 4.19 V, Vr1= 6.039 V, Vr2= 4.016 V, Vr3= 4.048 V
For Loop 1 = (10 - 4.19 - 6.039) = -0.229 ≈ 0V
For Loop 2 = (10 - 4.016 – 6.039) = -.055 ≈ 0V
For Loop 3 = (10 – 4.048 – 6.039 ) = -.087 ≈ 0V
So, every loop’s voltage rise = voltage loss. Hence, KVL is verified in every loop.

4. With the experimental data, verify Kirchhoff’s current law at nodes a and b of
circuit 2.
Answer: According to Kirchhoff’s Current law,
current entering = current leaving
So for Node A = 2.58 – 0.98 – 1.63 = -0.03 ≈ 0 mA
For Node B = 1.63 – 0.62 – 1.01 = 0 mA
Hence, the total amount of current flowing input and output are equal. So,
Kirchhoff’s Current law is verified.

5. Showing all steps, calculate the theoretical values in Table 2. Compare


theoretical values to your experimental values and explain whether your circuit
follows KCL or not.
Answer: Here,
Req = 1 + 1 / ((1/R1) + (1/R2) + (1/R3)) = 2.440 kΩ
Is = Vs/Req = 10/2.440 = 4.11 mA
I1= (4.7k || 5.6k) x 4.11 mA) / ((4.7k || 5.6k) + 3.3) = 1.78 A
I2= (3.3k || 5.6k) x 4.11 mA) / ((3.3k || 5.6k) + 4.7) = 1.26 A
I3= (3.3k || 4.7k) x 4.11 mA) / ((3.3k || 4.7k) + 5.6) = 1.05 A
Experimental Values,
I1 = 1.83 mA , I2 = 1.28 mA, I3 = 1.08 mA
So, % error for I1 = 2.52%
% error for I2 = 2.15%
% error for I3 = 0.84%
As our experimental value’s error is minimal compared with the theoretical value,
So we can say that our circuit follows KCL.

6. Showing all the steps, theoretically calculate Req of circuit 1. Compare with the
experimental value.
Answer: Here,
Req = 1 + 1 / ((1/R1) + (1/R2) + (1/R3)) = 2.440 kΩ
Experimental Value of Req = 2.440 kΩ
So, % Error = ((2.440-2.004)/2.440) x 100 = 0%
7. Calculate all the theoretical values for Table 5. Show all steps.
Answer: Ve = 12 V
For Req ,
R’ = R5 + R6 = 1+1 = 2kΩ
R’’ = R3 + ((R4 x R’) / (R4 + R’)) = 4.7 + ((3.3 x 2) / (3.3 + 2)) = 5.945 kΩ
Req = R1 + ((R2 x R’) / (R2 + R’’)) = 1 + ((10 x 5.945) / (1 + 5.945)) = 4.729 kΩ
Is = 12/4.729 = 2.583 mA
For R1,
I1 = 2.538 mA
V1 = 2.538 x 1 = 2.538V
For R2,
V2 = 12 – 2.538 = 9.462 V
I2 = 9.462/10 = 0.942 mA
For R3,
I3 = 2.538 – 0.942 = 1.596 mA
V2 = 1.596 x 4.7 = 7.482 V
For R4,
RT = 1 / ((1/3.3)+(1/(1+1))) = 1.245
V4 = 1.596 x 1.245 = 1.987 V
I4 = 1.987 / 3.3 = 0.600 mA
For R5,
I5 = 1.596 – 0.600 = 0.996mA
V5 = 0.996 x 1 = 0.996 V
For R6,
I6 = 0.996 mA
V6 = 0.996 x 1 = 0.996 V
Discussion:
From the experiment we have learned how to verify Kirchhoff’s current law and
Kirchhoff’s Voltage law in a circuit and also how to apply current divider rule in a
circuit. We have verified KCL, KVL and applied current divider rule in the above
circuits. We have done the experiment by using Multisim Software as a result there
were very little/no difference between the theoretical and experimental values so
the percentage errors calculated were zero/negligible. We faced a little amount of
issue while we were using the components and we learned the right way to use
those by completing this experiment.

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