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Bash Globs

The document provides an overview of Bash scripting, including its purpose, basic commands, and the use of globs and ranges for file manipulation. It emphasizes the importance of using a shebang and setting executable permissions for scripts. Additionally, it covers string handling and escaping in Bash, along with practical tips for scripting effectively.

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falconarchie69
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2 views22 pages

Bash Globs

The document provides an overview of Bash scripting, including its purpose, basic commands, and the use of globs and ranges for file manipulation. It emphasizes the importance of using a shebang and setting executable permissions for scripts. Additionally, it covers string handling and escaping in Bash, along with practical tips for scripting effectively.

Uploaded by

falconarchie69
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Bash Scripting and Globs

Exams Graded
What does a shell do?
Bash scripting
Command string is parsed

$ mv source_file.c destination

Globs/Ranges
Stuff happens
1 char *args[]={
2 "mv",
3 "source_file.c",
4 "destination"
Enter commands 5 };
6 execvp("mv", args);

Bash loads the arguments


and executes the command
Command Review
Task Command
Show directory contents ls
Change directory cd directory_name
Move a file mv file.txt location
Rename a file mv file.txt renamed.txt
Copy a file cp file.txt copy.txt
Execute a binary ./binary_file binary_file
path/binary_file
Print something echo "Hello World"
Bash scripting

● Sometimes you run the same set of commands many times.


● Retyping commands isn’t very much fun
○ Unless you like typing
■ Don’t use vim
○ I don't like typing

● There’s a simple solution…


Solution?

<-- Don’t do this.


Better solution: Bash scripting

● Lets you run a sequence of 1 #!/usr/bin/env bash


2
commands from a file 3 touch source_file.c
4 mkdir src
● Can be executed like a binary file 5 mv source_file.c ./src
6
7
8
Example
Shebang
1 #!/usr/bin/env bash
2
3 touch source_file.c Regular
4 mkdir src
5 mv source_file.c ./src
commands
6
7
8
bash_script.sh
chmod

● Files are not executable by default

● Have to add executable permission


○ chmod +x script.sh
● Then we can run the script
Bash as a programming language

● Bash also supports commands for conditionals, loops,


and variables
● Automation is one of the key advantages of using a
terminal
Great Impractical Ideas: Automation with TinyTask
Bash scripting summary

● Bash scripts end in a .sh extension


● Always start with a shebang
○ #!/usr/bin/env bash

● Add permissions with chmod +x script.sh


Globs and Ranges
What does a shell do?

Command string is parsed

$ mv source_file.c destination

Globs/Ranges
Stuff happens
1 char *args[]={
2 "mv",
3 "source_file.c",
4 "destination"
Enter commands 5 };
6 execvp("mv", args);

Bash loads the arguments


and executes the command
Globs and Ranges

mv file{1..3}.txt dst/

mv file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt dst/


Ranges - { .. }
● Can be used to expand into many strings
○ Given a comma-separated sequence of words, it will expand into every
permutation
○ {a,b,c} => a, b, c
○ {1,2,3}plusSome => 1plusSome, 2plusSome, 3plusSome

● You can use multiple ranges in a single line


○ {a,b,c}.{1,2,3} => a.1, a.2, a.3, b.1, b.2, b.3, c.1, c.2, c.3
○ Ranges can also figure out what you want in some cases use ..
○ {1..10} => 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
○ {a..f} => a, b, c, d, e, f
Globs
● Used to match several argument names without typing all of them out
○ rm *.txt removes files with the .txt extension, no matter what their names are

● Special Character: ?
○ ? matches to a, b, c, 1, 2, 3, etc…

● Special Character: *
○ Matches to any number of any character
○ * matches to any string

● Can be combined with normal text to limit matches


○ project*.pdf matches to any file that starts with project and ends with pdf
Quiz
Matches Pattern
Directory
file1 file2 file3 file? OR file{1..3} Contents
file1 file2 item1 item2 {file,item}{1,2} file1
file2
file4.pdf readme.pdf *.pdf file3
file2 file3 file4.pdf file{2..4}* file4.pdf
readme.pdf
item1
item2
Strings
● echo * Bash scripting is fun *
● echo "Bash scripting is "*fun*""

● Arguments containing spaces/special characterscan be written in quotes


○ echo "* Bash scripting is fun *" -> Bash scripting is fun

● They can also be written in single quotes


○ echo 'Bash scripting is "*fun*"' -> Bash scripting is "fun"
String Escaping
● Special characters can also be escaped with backslash
○ echo "Bash scripting is \"fun\"" -> Bash scripting is "fun"

● In single quotes, escape characters are ignored.


○ echo 'Bash scripting is \"fun\"' -> Bash scripting is \"fun\"
Bash scripting summary

● Bash scripts end in a .sh extension


● Always start with a shebang
○ #!/usr/bin/env bash

● Add permissions with chmod +x script.sh


Lab pro tips

● Forcelab is out!
● Don’t forget the shebang #!/usr/bin/env bash
● Don't forget to do chmod +x script.sh
● Do not copy message from the pdf, the apostrophes are different!
● Extratation on PowerPoint Turing-Machines!

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