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Lesson 17 ICT Grade 8 (Network Topologies)

The document provides an overview of network topologies, defining them as the physical and logical arrangement of nodes and connections in a network. It describes four main types of topologies: Bus, Ring, Star, and Mesh, along with their advantages and disadvantages. Understanding these topologies is crucial for designing efficient computer networks and troubleshooting issues.

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130 views25 pages

Lesson 17 ICT Grade 8 (Network Topologies)

The document provides an overview of network topologies, defining them as the physical and logical arrangement of nodes and connections in a network. It describes four main types of topologies: Bus, Ring, Star, and Mesh, along with their advantages and disadvantages. Understanding these topologies is crucial for designing efficient computer networks and troubleshooting issues.

Uploaded by

Saqib Tipo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ICT

Information Communication Technology


NETWORK
TOPLOGIES
Contents
1. Introduction (What is Topology?)
2. Types of Computer Network Topologies
a. Bus Topology
b. Ring Topology
c. Start Topology
d. Mesh Topology
3. Summary
4. Home Work / Assignment
Introduction ( What is Network Topology?)
• A network topology is the physical and logical arrangement of nodes
and connections in a network.

• Nodes usually include devices such as switches, routers and software with
switch and router features.

• Network topologies are often represented as a graph.


Introduction ( What is Network Topology?)
• Network topologies describe the arrangement of networks and the relative
location of traffic flows.

• Administrators can use network topology diagrams to determine the best


placements for each node and the optimal path for traffic flow.

• With a well-defined and planned-out network topology, an organization


can more easily locate faults and fix issues, improving its data transfer
efficiency.
Why Network Topology is important?
• Network topology plays a major role in how a network functions.

• Choosing the right topology can help increase performance, as a


properly chosen and maintained network topology increases energy
efficiency and data transfer rates.

• A well-defined network topology makes it easier for network admins to


locate faults, troubleshoot issues and to allocate network resources.
• Diagrams are an important reference point in helping to diagnose network issues,
as they can represent physical and logical layouts.
Types of Physical Network
Topologies
• Bus Topology

• Star Topology

• Ring Topology

• Mesh Topology
a. Bus Topology
• In the bus topology, the computers are connected through a
common communication media.

• A special type of central wire is used as communication media.


•
• This central wire is called Bus.

• The computer are attached through the bus the ends of the bus
are closed with the terminator.

• The terminators are used to absorb signals.


a. Bus Topology
a. Bus Topology - Advantages
• Easy to install and configure

• Inexpensive

• Easily extended

• Suitable for LAN

• Helps avoid data collision because the data only flows in one
direction.
a. Bus Topology - Disdvantages
• Performance decreases

• Weak signals

• Difficult troubleshooting

• If the cable breaks down the whole network is affected.


b. Ring Topology
• Each computer(Node) is connected to each other in the shape
of a closed loop or a ring in a ring topology.

• Each computer has 2 neighbours to communicate within the


topology.

• The data travels around the network only in one direction.

• Each data packet is sent around the ring until it reaches its final
destination.

• This type of topology is obsolete today.


b. Ring Topology
a. Ring Topology - Advantages
• Easier to manage; easier to locate a defective node or cable
problem.

• Well-suited for transmitting signals over long distances on


a LAN.

• Handles high-volume network traffic.

• Helps avoid collisions as data flows in one direction


only.
a. Ring Topology - Disadvantages
• Expensive

• Requires more cable and network equipment at the start.

• If one of the nodes in the ring breaks the whole network is affected.

• Not used as widely as bus topology


– Fewer equipment options
– Fewer options for expansion to high-speed communication
a. Star Topology - Disadvantages
• If hub fails then entire network will fail

• Require more cables

• May require a device to rebroadcast signals across the network


c. Star Topology
• A star network is designed with each node (file server,
workstation, peripheral) connected directly to a central network
hub or server.
• The configuration provides a more reliable network that is easily
expended.
• With star there is no central point of failure
in the cable .if there is a problem with the
cable only the station connected to that
cable is a effected .
• To add more work stations simply connect
another HUB
c. Star Topology
a. Star Topology - Advantages
• Easily expended and modified

• Easy to troubleshoot

• Multiple cable types supported by hub

• Most popular topology in use wide variety of equipment available


a. Star Topology - Disadvantages
• If hub fails then entire network will fail

• Require more cables

• May require a device to rebroadcast signals across the network


d. Mesh Topology
• A mesh network or mesh topology uses separate cable to
connect each device to every other device on the network,
providing a straight communication path.

• For sending messages, check the cable connected into two


devices. A message is send directly from sender to receiver
because each one has individual and separate connection.
c. Mesh Topology
a. Mesh Topology - Advantages
• Each connection can carry its own data load.

• Fault is diagnosed easily.

• Provide security and privacy.


a. Mesh Topology - Disadvantages
• Installation and configuration is difficult.

• Cabling cost is more.

• Bulk wiring is required.


e. Conclusion

• Today, we learned about different types of network topologies and


their characteristics.

• Importance: Understanding network topologies helps us design and


maintain efficient computer networks.

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