D.e.

MS
nton uelaed dada

nten uelatd
Collachen
od ables, sdhu ma
Darubue dom od
n

Eg MysL, Ohacle.
Sodwo dahubaw.

Mamage HRo
BMS
ition
Helps in Daka 0 i
Dak p dahen

Dara ahu'vad

dox asteiry m Feur and.

Dsn admunisbua hion
daa sewi y
>Perdoumaml

daut inke ab

l Sadum
DBNS
ROMS Fable
No SQL keqvaluu paig.

2- tin adctuwt

Clten Senvn
Phoz odD

3-tien oanuhi te thnm

H3Unkuhon ly t (onceptud Da
N
Appltcaon ag en Loglcd Dain

Da udo eeHon Physicad uhy

Dada ndapenodams
hon e of dak a dog neF thomye a4 fett a

amodh laven.

Payseal daka Tndupundmu Any thaege n e hags c oeaion

o a b ea Omd inds ra heud nod a t Ho
Lon cptua vd estanal vi aw.
daka indp on dmu LOn septua thum a
pngtual
edaral t h ma.
sho uld ne+ aad
a tble ahoudd no uk
e Medi&ang a td budu
eeGn's v}ew od tcbl

Phy D.D

Conceptud
Reliened Nodd
Lot

Physieal

E-R Mod
n datobase.
wa

The i ngs
Entity Se CSdm, Teachtn
COeT

LalarondMp SetTeuhs, tay), aiv3)

Atsubu nama, phno d)

a k - Atbre
Rol)-No

Atut uhe
lomp oite-
(Aaa
(Stueo
Couduy
 mon tham
Aubwke

ont y
Muhivalugd
Atibu Son a

Value
3.

Phon no

x o m o dhsn

a t t i bude .

D r i e ds e d Attubuke
uni ved

dndved du o m D.0.8.

Rl.ienshig type &

blw enki ties.
asso dahon

Stu cdaen Envrolle Coune

In

dagu e xalatonthMp

Uy laornhp tye-pomki pahtag in a elat

Studn lend
of

Bnan alatonh: Two n He pmi clpada a n a ubton.

Shdu
AHend Loe
3 n-0 alqions
nmntia n a
wXanon.

udds Fucbm
 Candinliy Rato

T no. od tma n ntiiy e pnttipady in a

ulano nuhip
Orne to On

Diven -Ouivu (an

O n e to mam ' un ntite in on untit (e cn tah

i n hu uulahionukip omd d iu in
ta po moneHh*
OY in

| Employ» J-Wonks don Depank rmnd

hom
a Man Fo -

Na a t i He tae pat more oN

n he dabon

S4 uda Tonuy Sbjed

hci aing Congtuai

Totanidoaon - fach eni ky in Endi8t mut pandelpde

a hu aHykip

emo E Joins Depontmund

Tkeni l twtiky &ck ma o

2. Paai Pon lpaHon -

n wlationghip
no ca
may

S4udur Ennollec - ..ow

In
 tti b do
ey Cam
tre
don w hich
mile
some

dosad

Contans SecHen
Clas

Qonhepah
decion
CAa is m doa

owo puimanu Key

no

hakis hlahionl Mo
upsens how daa is stoxud in R08M

Tenminslogi
A a bude: Pxopupuiy hat ina a uarioo.

Palahion & hema apuuds nam ota ulahion wih is

atbubudu

STUDENT
o
ollLNo Navme Addus Phona
. RAM DELH)

Tuple kouh xow n

u labbn is
ple. cakd
Ruuin Inutoma: Tha su
o kupl u ot &heladh
alad n
puntidan i tana bie is aka dalahtn

Daqa Tke umbn o atho bud n a aon

akon isis kaou
as
ds o t the
Condinai T
lai on.
no.
o l u le a
on is
calad
 veus dox a picwan attubuke
lolumn hupunhs
known OX av ailab te (s
NOL Valhus h vau whh is not
ca&NULL vaha. lane space

Sndonad Mod
(onabuad is
CondAHonn whleh mut be phold on

dara Puuerd n D.B.

Tshowd e n domaun Ham

Domain lonbaint
AE

shouddl be umique,
un ne
T Can'H have vaus

-of aalahon Comn

RuumHa ateg wn onu tsu b de
otun atubutay
ta bra Vavuw kyom
oon ulahon IF is callad
Calladd
alaHon on a

amid Inkequiky

Anamoli
x om he xpectod on
Imgud whd chviatu
nom stake.

3 typ In&

Ddule.

The minimal au
atbibde wdh to
Candidare ky
umiquoy idity a tuple Is nown
hu be moa hva o na)
Lomdi dak e kg. und ,
com

Aa hon No, Roll-No.

Mos ubleamdidake ky a Pmny

Pamo
imay key
PAN.
K n Aadthan 0
 Pn.
The omdi
dake key
ohan thopn
otun thom Puma kg
Alomake keu
calhd alkenake kus

buku ha lan umiquuu

ot attui
Supn v The w
talud Supn ay.
atuple is
Studumt Na,
fa e nxoll mnt No,
0n more a t u bub to
adcdirg

Comdi dake k ennary supen ku

A LomdsdaBe ka s Supuuy

Vu no .

Aio
A , AC (.

A A, B.D
A ontan a aktuubureu o bl londidahe

2 BAC, C0.

Condidake Vy

tonk
Ths a frdd in atable
wh
wnauy idunh ia
eah ow
obenbthun able. This & dd is
towonds. may potnhin
y ot auno n hable.
REFEDENLES Vwo nd s ed to uae a
bl Rhatablu.
 Oakabse Noxmaigakion
wh
daba kadundomy is nimum
daka Inkequy s Masimum(No ox daba)

ObiuHv od ecd Databue Duign

No Updaien, innhien ond duluHon omomaliag

tasily Extordi ble nw eaknus )

eeo pen éoumaa den a ung uks.

Mor Imdoumakveonlg ulaod Into)

Anomaieg

vako ha to be
Uedahion Anomaly 8ome pantiuan artibute
updakul, thon it h4 to ba updahd In evn ule tonis ting

e Hha valus, whieh wld be too

Legtla opnatsn u

au Lto nda have+o be dut kuornBuud n ma'n Yunna

Omd back t updahon.

Studunid Stucunr. Nane Subi. id Subac. Name

BC Daabse 9aign

002 Y2 Dahabase Deg

LSto 2

1oo3 Sstems

Daabae dasiga ko D6MS amd wwla deiog so

yow crono
anat hy some will be Dakaoase daaign ohna
Hhe 3sera

wil be DBMS inco naistey.

Simalany bad quww com uad to dundang Cs

Pont o D0MS len one stum,

Cehoninly only ond
 I
uple is tnseb
iusa

vaue
ed
d

ts
ts
uuina
In

not
Inwten
Anemaly attbuh
valuu
2.
2.

uanamaina
amdurumuing

alUew
Helatien
1wil no
attuibde ,
xuwameol

eaian ha tobe addd ond

iD
loou we
A studan wi y
Ea' Td
î*momdate

don't know subject nane &

table.
we com add em t h e4Ao

lead
DelaHen od &em daka may
. Delaken Anomaly
daka.
o geme hun
dala bed Aa
stulunt's dakails has betn , tat

:
dtils alo qeks dlebed, which wgh ad to ta
dakails o Hhe subjech.
lssoH

untHona Depondmis

FuncHenad dupendruy is wnsbaint blw wo Jot

akubues in a uarlen tuom dalabaue. &

A B
B is wen thHen ala dup undun n A

Cnuoll No Nane Addnus

Phno

com

enrollNo^ Nana
Envo.No Adduw
Eoll No Phno.
A G

2 2
no ndaue tdnkHeaHenet

vaua o B in A.
 wha doeu it man?

A wnthHona dupundumay >B maans don all Inaam a

vau ot A,tha Is H
p i eda
Cnxll-No Nara Adds

Rav
103 Raj

T en f
Say

Enuoll- No Name Addus

.
Nama Addus Fase) a j haa two addhun
Addras Nam,faue C has two namas J

wk shudy uneHonad dapendumie

JWe sudy duncHenal áthundami'u so h a we cCam

fw attau bute to ane thun able so had Ha daska

CBn ve ou a

be HLdueed o a munimwr
edun damuy Lom

kudum1d Noma Deptid Dept.name

AC

10 2 BcD eCE

to3 ABC CS
Lo Y2 we com dute
10 nowo pu v n
lo 5 LOE
Aha nedurtdown
e con Deptd Dept. name

Deph-& Dyt name

CSE
Ttu o funHenal Depamdiu

Tival uroc Henad Depumdumy :

subsu of
Subsuk Y
wh Y is a

YY ts thlvia nly

A GC A
ADC ABc

subs

Non tntula tuntHened dupundumy .

XY is non budvia Junme Hon dapenduig whun

whan Yu
Y u not

a wbs o X.
XY s calud ompletey non uvlaAuhun Y Inuuett y
s NL

IA NorvnR

Nona DoB.

Sem Non Tdvial dunehenad dapun dmuy

Y Is talud nd non trvl umth ona whun

ntugech s no NULL.
Ab C, ol
 Nonna toums
Noxmaliahion he Puoes o mndmivng sadundamu

Alaian o« J o xalahens. Rzdunclomay in ulaten

Lage t nion, dulukian Cnd updaklng anemaliy

may
to min'mize ha udun danuy in laHon
So it hlps
touma ane sed ko imate oM *dute dwndlarmy
Noxma
to databae ablu.

Finst Noxmal Foum

voy ati bnte tonraln only singls vauu

Atomde
Use mutiple columns on muli values.
Aue.
momumpy pau mighk be Hune
Have ukiple uows
-
Foble tnto multiple able.
Aain g a

Setond NoxmaX koxm

foxm
2.
2

m u t be INF
alaon mut no eonain pania daqnduniu.

curddate
atbubute Lakkubuu
whlch one no pank f
No non-puima
puepen K subse o omuy
kayis dapendon n am
of He bable.
Comi dake ku

attui buk
Minma ku tha duli nu al

Pdme aktiby: n attbubue whieh pan od U

owmdidate ky.
 Ce unue Fu
Co e idd
Dsenid
50 00
LSto
CSlo2 2000

200 0
CS lo2
5000

eslo2 2000

CSlo 3

Tn Ho abova table, Ha tandddare tay s he co mbineh

CVn.ld , Come.ld). Nen-pudma aktibka s Counae

Coure- tu
Since s non-puime atdbute dup ends pan aly en
Comoidake ku, t s table ie not 2NF.

T o tonvu, spi+ Ha table wh teommon Ank

Usen-ID Coune.Lbo Counge. 10 Cowne. fae

3. Thund Nexma) om
The table mustbe in 2N.
No nen Pum attubwhe m in
ansHru non pime at
tubuke
Sad No &tud- Nom Stud. Stoe
Stu lo unky
Rom
Hon yom Tndia
10 2 Romaa h Punuwb India
L03 smah. NE
Punw Indla 2 NF
Shud.o hd. Narm, ud. sate,
stud. count
Shud Stad Sud,touwtu
Bua N
Non-PAMA

S1tt H kble aq ain.

 8tud. No Ntud.nam 8tud. sta d.stade itud-. to unt

eyce-Codd Noma foxm (, GeN¢)

howd be In NE and evy FurncHena
dparndbmuy LHS ahoudol be 4upn vuy

N o xdme ou non p m a ub muy be du

ny Puma atibJu.

Paod
Sud.id, Subjeek> Pxot_ld
loo 08MS 03
bMot-id Skjee
oo OS

loo2 DBMS
No followhg BCNP

) Tivia

2N

Pxet id Sbje c
Shud.td Subjee

be bad.
Theut mght

ACt A,9,C, 0,E Cad dak ky

AC B¬
Boes non fsui ma tuibuhe4

bCD A ,0t o » (omdi dake ky

CD AE
 Databas es
he pudom
o o ptimige
ing s « no. d
od disk
disk atle
Inder no.

sing
dakabue by minim PHOCued .
s
Lqudad whuna Au
q e ky o cade atre
e d to
Data S t e . s

D. Lolumn
Indara na Haarad stn
Seanh kuy
haton ains toPy o
Clumo is he
nt
d eble.
2on camdidake k
tnoaded 0xdn H a y cam be alluod
- h y e valus oe

Data mu no* be in Sotad oudn

Note

Tha &eLond tum n he daka utoum o a painhn.

Chold a addha una a poxi udan y Com be dou)

Daka saukoune
(Seanth k

vae

dlsc olock toran

ven ky
Otst Block
 a tnad Indx

A uurnad indsr uom be dulinec a am

oxdd le.
Spmphim ha ndan
wuakd on ron
PAAmonyy umrs woh
ma nt ba mda oLach k«lo xd.

In d cae o tduni4 u uond atn, we w\ll

p
en mo Leumrdt h umiau vau nd Aate ndn
ow Hum

Die blee
duu d lot

Odan. id Ondadelest (utid Tnda File

to
loo
109

udmany ndsxng T's ye od va Uwstned Induzing whuin Hh daka

is 0xd acLOding to h &eawh y om o ha pmman
o D.8 lable ls ed inh Indux.

Oeawlk kouma.

Tndax file tom be Odud ile Tndes n 8equr a ile ong onsahion
Dose Index

fonv uy 3eawh y valua in Hhe daka

lo, hni is n dex ,

Spae Tnd

each itmg polnks io a lock

Hah ftle OngamsaHon
+Indl ma bayed on a vaus bun

Asoed wmd omby utc Hess buekets

ans dtemi ne d bu hash umett en
 Non wtvad Indaz
O n y &mse

Setondonynda xlng

he data

Aoca
Non
utue & dnd
oH
uamas
toe

ocon o
paid
a ist v i w k u a l
&stora ol.
a tualy
DMdn o Inda
in a
Daka is net p husiealy a toxad
o dutansd inda
me a tom pud
awy me

Indat Rle 100

Oncdn t Ondn dae stGuut.td_ 002

1003

Mal vd Indx
wih He uowth o w ihe o e dakab au, )

nd e albo quow As e tndun is 8torad tn main mumoy, a

s h - v d Indux mgkk betoma &oo Aange a siu o 4a with

mwti disk acrus.

Mull ev soghay man block lq to vaweug Amalin block

so at t cam be, skorad in a ainoa bloek.
-

0sn Bloc

Lnmun Blees

done by b + u. g to1 Dakabloeks

 m d B+ Tus.

I n ondn to Implemunt dynamit muwtiavel Indus ng, a Bt k

s quunag mployad.
Thay me n-w seamn u s

IDnuhing fatko» is b, un avey necla

hildun
B+ bu laav tontaun allhe daka puot ininkenal
In
Hha Aequmhal au to data is possi ble.
nod co

sele-balamdng.
0 30,25 g00 too 5 ,1, 20, 60 e Valu od outbuu
0 1220
b 4

LO)

O 25 30

(30 80 ao)

( 25
(D 20

(18 20 o 6
(0

100

(0 o,12o)
(19 20 30 60)
B Tu Nods Stuutme

o
C I l oiakun

DeaPohn dan
Data polnku atbur e val
fon attbute
20

v a l 10

Trna nodu have poindena ho Ind blotvs ony. Leaf nody &a
ackuo daa blocks. Orly he layt in ua ed
poln o r t Inder block.

5 ovy dnas ba is kyVa tom be

On oindn ody.
hugh log.n