Python Notes N5 - Variables and Arrays
Surender Samapath Date : 10/02/2025 V:1.0
What is a variable?
A variable is a named memory location that holds data that during the execution of a program, the data
can change
Variables can store a variety of different types of data such as integer, float, boolean.
Data initiailation: Set to empty.
a = 0
To store data in a variable, the process of assignment is used.
a = 10
What is an array?
Note:
Array : It is a collection of data items of same data type.
List : It is a collection of data items of different data type.
Index : It's the address or pointer to to access the element based on its position.
Print a particular elment in array :
a = ["Apple", "Banana", "Orange", "Grape"]
print(a[0]) # Output: Apple
print(a[1]) # Output: Banana
print(a[2]) # Output: Orange
print(a[3]) # Output: Grape
Assign/Modify a particular elment in array using it's index.
fruits = ["Apple", "Banana", "Orange", "Grape"]
# Modify the value at index 0.
fruits [0] = "Lemon"
print (fruits)
The above code will output
['Lemon', 'Banana', 'Orange', 'Grape']
✅ Arrays store multiple values in one variable.
✅ Indexing starts from 0.
✅ Arrays are accessed using [ ] - Square Brackets. Only for ARRAYS.
Printing a List Line by Line using len() and for Loop :
✅ What is a Loop?
A loop helps us repeat a set of lines without writing the same code again and again.
fruits = ["Apple", "Banana", "Orange", "Grape"]
fruits_length = len(fruits)
for i in range(fruits_length):
print(fruits[i])
How does it work?
1. len(fruits) returns the length of the list (4 items in this case).
2. range(fruits_length) ensures that the code will 4 times. Because length is 4.
3. for i in range(len(a)): loops through each index number. i value starts 0 and increments at
each loop. But not greater than range.
4. print(a[i]) prints the fruit at that index.
What do you need to loop through Array?
✅ i as an interator. Name can vary.
✅Length of Array to control the Loop.
✅[] to access the array using i .
📚 Check If a Fruit Exists in the Array (User Input) in Python
fruits = ["Apple", "Banana", "Orange", "Grape", "Blueberry"]
# Get user input
user_input = str(input("Enter the fruit name to check: "))
fruits_length = len(fruits)
# Loop through the list and check if the fruit starts with 'B'
for i in range(fruits_length):
if user_input == i:
print("Fruit is Found")
Print a multiplication table using FOR LOOP
Write a code to print a Multiplication table of 2 upt o 5 times.
# Multiplication table of 2 up to 5 times
num = 2
times = 5
for i in range(5):
print( num , "x" , i+1 , "=" , num * (i+1) )
The above code will output.
2 x 1 = 2
2 x 2 = 4
2 x 3 = 6
2 x 4 = 8
2 x 5 = 10
Note: Can you do the a multiplication table as per user choice?
Explain: Why are adding 1 to i?
Question : Print first 20 odd numbers.
Running Total
Running total means adding values in the Array to the sum using a for loop.
A running total, also known as sum, is a calculation that progressively adds each value in a sequence to
the sum of all previous values. It represents a running or ongoing sum that updates with each new data
point.
✅ Sum variable is declared before the loop.
✅ Sum variable is printed after the loop.
To count sum of 5 numbers
# Running total of 5 numbers from USER.
sum_total = 0 # Initialise sum
total_input = 5 # Numbers to Add.
for i in range(total_input):
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
sum_total += num # Add number to sum
print("Total Sum:", sum_total)
Calculate average height of students
# Sample array of student heights (in cm)
student_heights = [160, 152, 145, 172, 155]
# Calculate total number of students
num_students = len(student_heights)
# Initialise running total
total_height = 0
# Loop through the array to calculate running total
for i in range(num_students):
# Add each height to total.
total_height = total_height + student_heights[i]
# Compute average height
average_height = total_height / num_students
# Print the results using string formatting
print("Total Height:", total_height, "cm")
print("Average Height:", average_height, "cm")
Output for above program:
Total Height: 1601 cm
Average Height: 160.1 cm
Calculate the number of students taller than 150 cms.
# Sample array of student heights (in cm)
student_heights = [160, 152, 145, 172, 155]
# Calculate total number of students
num_students = len(student_heights)
# Initialise a variable counter
tall_students = 0
# Loop through the array and use criteria
for i in range(num_students):
# Using if to filter criteria
if student_heights[i]>150:
# Add each height to total.
tall_students = tall_students + 1
# Print the results using string formatting
print("Total Students above 150 cms:", tall_students)
Solve this below examples
Q1.
Q2.
Q3.
Q4.
Q5. Solve below
q6. Solve below
Line 1 SEND "Player One: Enter Number to Guess"
Line 2 RECEIVE target FROM KEYBOARD
Line 3 SET attempts TO 0
Line 4 WHILE (attempts < 10) AND (target ≠ guess) DO
Line 5 SEND "Enter your guess" TO DISPLAY
Line 6 RECEIVE guess FROM KEYBOARD
Line 7 IF guess > target THEN
Line 8 SEND "Too high" TO DISPLAY
Line 9 END IF
Line 10 IF guess < target THEN
Line 11 SEND "Too low" TO DISPLAY
Line 12 END IF
Line 13 END WHILE
Line 14 IF (target = guess) THEN
Line 15 SEND "Well done, you guessed correctly" TO DISPLAY
Line 16 END IF
Q7.
Q8.
Q9.
