Library and Information Services (PGS-501)

Unit 1
Introduction to Library and its services
"Library is the heart of institution, in other words; it is the soul of institution”.
Library is the collection of reading materials arranged systematically for the use of readers. The word
‘Library' has been originated from Latin word Libraria means House of Books, and in French word
Librarious means Leaf or Tad Patra. Earlier tree bark and leafs were used as writing materials. In Stone
Age, stones were used to write as Shila Lekh and then in Metal Age, Metal strips were used as writing
materials. After the origin of paper and printing technologies over all scenarios have been changed for
knowledge conservation on paper, which later on resulted in the form of books, manuscript and different
reading materials, etc. In the ancient time library was usually used as a store-house and had limited specified
users only. The Librarian was supposed to be the custodian/care taker who used to be answerable to the
owner like King, Rishi Munis and rich person. Readers were at that time had only few books of their interest
in their personal library. As such, library concept was not there.
Now, time has changed and concept of library is also changed. In the era of modern time, people realized
the importance of libraries because development of society is not possible without conserved knowledge.
Knowledge preservation, organization and dissemination are possible through viable library and
information centre. People consult library for knowledge upliftment and to clear doubts of the topics of
interest.
Library is a social institution where one can get information regarding documented social / economical /
political / scientific / spiritual / religious information.
MODERN LIBRARY
ln modern libraries it is necessary to adopt automation networking, resource sharing, using union catalogue,
consortium, various databases and latest information technologies in libraries and documentation centres
for providing latest information to concern.
A modern library has organized collection or printed books, periodicals audiovisual materials, e-resources
and fulfill with latest information technology.
It’s been treated as a service institution. It is expected to convert potential users to habitual users. Habitual
users in the on, who goes to a library regularly and uses the library as a matter of habit.
Reading materials are available in the form of e-resources, e-books, e-journals, online journals, offline
journals, various database, OPAC and internet, etc. Web based information are the tools of library (i.e.;
paperless library) Information is available within few minutes on just mouse click. Maximum use
information are possible on multi terminal for multipurpose through networking. It saves the time and
energy of readers to retrieve information. It also saves financial expenses in libraries and documentation
centres for purchasing resources (due to price hike of foreign currency) and lack of resources.
Now-a-days, concept of modern library is also converting in modern documentation and information
centres, virtual electronic library, online library, cybrary and web based library (paperless library)
The aim of Modem Library is numerous, but some of the important ones are as listed below:
• to enable the users to make the most effective use of the resources and services of libraries.
• to provide documentation and information services, reference services, photocopying services,
abstracting and indexing services, bibliography, CD ROM Database, e-services and web base
services etc.
• to open access to its collection and provide service to its users.
• to acquires materials, processes it, and makes available for use rather than preservation.

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 Dr. Shiyali Ramamrita Ranganathan (1892-1972)
In India Dr. Shiyali Ramamrita Ranganathan (1892-1972) is known as Father of Library Science. It’s he
who provided the status of Library and Library Professionals in the field of education and growth and
development of the society. He introduce Colon Classification scheme according to Ranganathan Universe
of Knowledge and its various subjects are divided in A-Z main classes, introduced mixed notation,
connection symbols, facets, etc. he also introduced Classified Catalogue Code for various entry of all types
of reading materials like main entry, added entry information i.e. author, title, imprint, publisher, collation,
accession number, class. No. book no. editor, collaborator, publisher, series, volume, note and tracing
information. He further introduced five fundamental categories i.e. Personality, Matter, Energy, Space and
Time (PMEST) Chain Procedure etc.

Library is a Trinity of
Books (Reading Material)
Readers and
Staff

LAWS OF LIBRARY
Dr. Shiyali Ramamrita Ranganathan introduced Five Laws of Library
1) BOOKS ARE FOR USE
2) EVERY READER HIS/HER BOOKS
3) EVERY BOOKS ITS READER
4) SAVE THE TIME OF READER
5) LIBRARY IS A GROWING ORGANISM

TYPES OF LIBRARIES
Public Libraries:
National Library, State Central or Regional Library,
District Central Library, Divisional Library,
Panchayat Library, Village Library, City/Town Library
Academic Library:
These libraries are concerned with educational institution. They provide educational support according to
curriculum these are Three Types:
School Library
College Library
University Library, Research Library
Special Library:
Research Library, Departmental Library,
Business Library, Industrial Library,
Hospital Library, Blind Person Library,
Prison Library, Audio – Visual Library,
Newspaper Library, Juvenile Library

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 COLLEGE LIBRARY
A college is regarded as an institution of higher learning, which usually offers a three years or four years
course after school leading to a bachelor's degree. Some of the larger college also offers leading to master
degree or research degree. College library plays a dynamic and creative role in school education.
• The objective should be that a college library should become an instrument of instruction
• It is integrated part of teaching programme
• Support the objective of college
• Support curriculum
• Fulfill the need of students & teachers i.e.. reading, study & research
• Increase effectiveness of students
• improve learning process
• Independent study
Functions
A college Library is expected to support the objectives of the college. Thus the basic function of a college
library is to assist its parent body to carry out its progmmme. This means that it must adequately serve the
needs and requirements of the teachers and students towards reading, study and research. This can be
achieved, if facilities and services are made available towards this end.
Types of College
We may categorize colleges into the following: General / Special (a college may specialize in a subject
such as agriculture, animal husbandry, arts, engineering, law, medicine, science)
1. General – Graduate / Post Graduate levels like traditional college library
2. Special - Medical, Agricultural, Engineering, Dairy, Veterinary, Animal Science
Reading Materials - Reference book, Textbooks according to curriculum, dictionary, handbooks,
index, abstract, thesis, encyclopaedia and other e-resources
Services
1. Lending service
2. Instruction in the use of library
3. Assistance in the location /searching of document or use of library catalogue / OPAC or
understanding of reference book, etc.
4. Reader advisory service
5. Provision of general and specific information
6. Inter library loan
7. Compilation of bibliography/indexing/abstracting
8. List of addition
9. Reservation of documents
10. Reprographic service
11. CD ROM database search
12. Provide knowledge of information retrieval through internet / intranet website, e-book / e- journals
or other electronic reading materials etc.

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 UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
“A Library, or system of libraries, established, supported and administered by a university to meet the
information needs of its students and faculty and support its instructional, research and service programs.”
ALA Glossary Timer

Objective:
University Library is a part of university setup. Its objective is like a parent organization. These libraries
provide support for higher education and university activities like: Teaching, Research and extension.
These are also of two types-
General - Traditional Universities: Rastrasant Tukdoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, Sant Gadge
Baba Amravati University, Amravati. etc.
Specific Purpose- Agricultural Universities: Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola. Mahatma
Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri. etc.
Users: Scientists / Research Scholars / Professors / Teachers / PG & PhD students etc.

Services-
• Lending service
• Bibliography instruction
• Provision of general and specific information Current Awareness Service and Selective
Dissemination of information.
• Literature search CD Rom database search
• Provide computer based services / automation, digitization, Internet facility etc.
• Compilation of Bibliography, Abstracting, Indexing services
• Reprography Services
• Translation Services
• Readers advisory service, selective dissemination of information (SDI)
• Reservation of documents
• Inter Library loan
• Provide help in teaching research and extension
• Provide ready reference and long range reference services
• Holding of Library exhibition / Display
• Provide support in research programme (PhD) etc.
• Assistance in the location (searching) of document or use of Library catalogue or understanding of
reference books etc.
• Reading Materials
• Advances, Reviews, Dictionary, Directory, Periodical Book, Imprints, Handbooks, Index, Abstract,
Thesis, Encyclopaedia, CD ROM Database, Internet, OPAC, E-resources, Online of Line Journals
etc.
• Research Library
• Research library is a library that contains an in-depth collection of material on one or several
subjects. A research library will generally include Primary sources as well as Secondary sources.
Large University Libraries are considered Research libraries and often contain many specialized
branch research libraries. Research libraries can be either reference library, which do not lend their
holdings, or lending libraries, which do lend all or some of their holdings.

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 Services given by Dr. PDKV, Akola University Library
University Library Dr. PDKV, Akola use to provide following services to its users.
1) Reference & Information Service
2) Lending Services
3) Reprography service
4) Bibliographical Service
5) Current Awareness Service
6) Selective Dissemination of Information Service
7) News Paper Clippings Service
8) Inter-Library-Loan Service
9) Computerized services:
• Consortium for e-resources in agriculture (CeRA) more than 2000 journals
(http://www.cera.jccc.in)
• Krishiprabha e-theses
• Bibliographical database Search Service
• Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC)
• CD-ROM Database Search Service
• Internet Search Facility
• Current Awareness Service (new arrivals)
• Document Delivery Service

For providing CD-ROM database search services University Library possess following CD-ROM
Databases
Sr. No. Name Period Sr. No. Name
1 CAB CD 1973+1984+90 13 AGRICOLA
2 CAB SPECTRUM Series CD 14 AGRIS
3 AgECONCD 1973+ 15 Biological Abstracts
4 BEASTCD 1973+ 16 Biotechnology Abstracts
5 CABPESTCD 1973+ 17 Food Science & Tech Abstracts
6 CROPCD 1973+ 18 Water Resources Abstracts
7 E-CD 1973+ 19 Zoological Records
8 HORTCD 1973+ 20 Aquatic & Fisheries Sc Abstracts
9 PARASITECD 1973+ 21 Food & Human Nutrition
10 PlantGeneCD 1973+ 22 VETCD
11 SOILCD 1973+
12 TREECD 1939+

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 Unit 1:
Role of Libraries in Higher Education, Research and Technological Transfer
Library plays an important role in Agricultural Education, Research and Technology transfer. Modern
Agricultural Libraries are characterized by those objectives which stress the importance of rendering
maximum service to Agricultural Research, Teaching, Learning and Extension.
“The Library is an Integral part of the Institution”
Main functions of the Library are:
Development of the Collection of Agricultural Literature,
Organization of Agricultural Literature.
Dissimilation of Agricultural Literature.
The Services of the Library are:
Reference Service,
Lending Service,
Documentation Service,
Reprographic and Computer Services
There are three components of Library:
1. USER
2. Agricultural Literature
3. Library Staff

USER – “BOOKS ARE FOR USE” This is the first principle of Library Science.
Use, Useful, User,
1) User
Users of the Agricultural Information are highly Professionals of Agriculture groups are of diverse groups
comprising highly specialized scientist at the apex and Farmers on the land at the bottom.
In between a band of professionals and Technicians at different levels discharging different specialized
functions contributing to the common goal of Maximizing the Agricultural Production. The diversification
is so vast that an Agriculturist may be a farmer, Landscape Gardner, Horticulturist, Forester, Cowboy,
Herdsman, Fisherman, Statistician assisting the Agricultural Research, Food Pathologist, Taxonomist,
Entomologist, Economist, Agricultural Engineer, Teacher, Communication expert, Rural Sociologist,
Technologists, Veterinarian and so on.

2) Agriculture Literature
The commodity to be served. Literature forms the source of the information. It is the basic component
through which the required information is disseminated to the Users.
The literature appears in both conventional and Non-conventional forms.
It can also be Macro and Micro in dimension.
It can also be in Electronic form.
Agriculture Literature is vast, it is inter-disciplinary, it has multi-disciplinary base.
The nature and scope is essentially international.
It is very difficult to define the boundaries of Agricultural Literature.
The Classical Branches of Agricultural Sciences
Agricultural Literature has wide variety of resource

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3) Agricultural Library Staff
Librarians provide in their services to the Library users the most efficient answers to their needs, the most
effective support of their work and the highest utilization of the available print sources.
Librarians can serve as catalyst in providing the services essential for rapid acquisitions of information
required for the users of Agricultural Libraries.

RESEARCH
• Definition: - “The act of Searching (closely or carefully) for or after the specified thing or person.”
• “A search or investigation directed to discovery of some fact by careful consideration or study of
subject; a course of critical or scientific

Re- Search:
Definition: - “To Search or Search for Again.”
• “Diligent and systematic inquiry or investigation into a subject
• In order to discover or revise facts, theories, applications.
• “To make extensive investigation into.”
• Researcher: - “One who develops himself to Scientific or Literary Research.”
• Research Library:- “A reference Library that collects materials in one or more
• Specialized fields for use in Intensive Research project

EXTENSION: - Extension human knowledge really leads to extension of human happiness.

Extension Education: - University Extension is mainly occupied with carrying itinerant Teachers,
University teaching to the doors of the peoples who cannot come up to the universities.

Types of Extension Education: -

Formal and Informal Extension Education
FORMAL EDUCATION INFORMAL EDUCATION
Teacher/Student Extension Worker
Classroom / Syllabus Learner Farmer
Curriculum / Exams Voluntary
Instructions Outside the Wall
Compulsory Flexible

EDUCATION IN INDIA
Ancient Indian education was based on Gurukul system. Subsequently educational institutions like
Takshashila, Nalanda and Vikramshila were established for expansion of Indian system of education.
During British regime, three universities namely Calcutta, Madras and Bombay were established. Even
after independence in India we are following the legacy of British Government In the field of education.

Post-Independence System of Indian Education

Primary education.
Secondary & Higher Secondary education.
Higher education.
Professional education including Medical.
Technical education.
Agricultural education
Government of India constituted the First Education Commission under the Chairman of Dr. Sarevapalli
Radhakrishna to recommend the development of education in India. Further, there are several educational
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committees constituted for the improvement of educational system in India. During the 2005, the
Government of India constituted the National Knowledge Commission. The commission recommended
enhancing the gross enrolment rate 15% by 2015 and Independent Regulatory Authority for higher
education. Recently, Government of India introduced National Commission for Higher Education and
Research Bill

Recent Status of Higher Educational Institutions in India

S.N. No. of Institutions 1947 At Present
1 Universities 20 979 (deemed, central & private)
2 Colleges 500 52,627
3 Teaching Staff 15000 5 Lakh
4 Student Strength 1Lakh (1950) 1.5 Million
5 Enrolment Ratio Less than 1 per cent (1950) 12 per cent

AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH IN INDIA

 The main aim/ Goal of the Agricultural Education in India is to Freedom from Hunger and Poverty
and increase maximum food production.
 Earlier to Independence British Government in 1928 constituted the Royal Commission on
Agriculture to recommend the Increase Food production. As per the commission report, Imperial
Council of Agricultural Research was established in 1929.
 After the Independence It was renamed as Indian Council of Agricultural Research. Further,
Government of India constituted several committee to improve the Agricultural Education,
Research and Extension

The following are the committee constituted for the Agricultural Research and Education.
 Joint Indo-American Team 1954
 Second Indo-American Team 1959 – (IARI, IVRI, NDRI)
 Gajendragadkar Committee 1972 – (DARE-1973)
 G.V.K.Rao Committee 1987
 Agricultural Review Committee 1977 – (Dr. Arikere , Former V.C of UAS )
 Dr. R.A. Mashelkar – 2004
 Government of India in 1960 established First Agricultural University in Panthnagar under State
 Agriculture University Set up.
 In India as on to-day there are 55 state Agriculture Universities and 125 Research Institutes under
 ICAR.

Agricultural Libraries and Information Centers in Transfer of Technology

The success of a nation in all spheres depends basically on the qualities and the output of the agricultural
sector. But it would be wrong to think that everything can be grown anywhere at any time. The changing
weather pattern, soil, ideal crops in the right place, post-harvest storage, good market outlets gluts and
scarcity, pests and diseases are only a few of the several problems which would mean the difference
between success and failure.
Indian agriculture witnessed a depressing condition during the 1950's and l960's. The scientific method of
cultivation was not familiar to the lanners and they largely depended on old and obsolete methods of
cultivation. Agriculture had to take new directions in the quest for greater agricultural production and the
scene of Indian agriculture moved gradually to the threshold of technological breakthrough. These technical
advancements showed a remarkable efficiency in agriculture and made it possible to raise the production
of labour and capital making a superior production function.

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Development of Agriculture
The development of agricultural research has taken place in a systematic manner particularly after the
formation of the All India Co-ordinate Research Projects (AICRP) linking the central Research Institutes
and Agricultural Universities with State Department of Agriculture by the Indian Council of Agricultural
Research in the mid-sixties. This ushered in Green Revolution.
The importance of transfer of technology in increasing agricultural production was recognised soon after
the independence. The national extension service was set up on the commencement of community
development programme. The main objective of the extension service was to transform the traditional
attitudes of the rural community and motivate them for adoption of innovations and modem technology.

Characteristics of Agricultural Technology

The agricultural technology has been defined "science, art and invention. It is tractors, combines, corn
pickers. lt is the testing and breeding of animals and the conquest of diseases. It is hybrid corn, new kinds
of wheat, soybeans etc. It is the way to fed cows, plants and men. lt is road building and rural electrification.
It is a race between insect pests and ways to kill them. Technology is the workshop, bran, grove, field and
home". Application of 'Mechanical technique' and 'Biological technique' in a combined way endowed new
characteristics to Indian agriculture.

Agricultural Education and Research

Agricultural research and development have been vitally linked with agricultural technology and in fact it
balances the 'growth-oriented' economy in a developing country like India. For the promotion of agricultural
education research and extension in lndia as many as 47 State Agricultural Universities have so far been
established all over the country, the first being established at Panthnagar in 1960 (G B Pant University of
Agriculture and Technology). The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is the co-ordinating
authority working at the apex. lt is now functioning through a network of 47 State Agricultural Universities,
l7 National Research Institutes, 6 National Bureaux, 25 Directorate/Project Directorates, 4 Deemed
Universities and 634 Krishi Vigyna Kendra's (KVK) in the country.
(Sources http://www.icar.org.in/en/aboutus.htm)

Role of Agricultural Libraries

Agricultural university libraries differ from the other conventional university libraries in as far as their
collection and services are mainly confined to the field of agricultural science only. The main use of
agricultural libraries is to educate the educators; to keep the agricultural scientist informed of new
technology developed and improved methods of farming to the extension workers and through the extension
workers to the farming community who from the grass roots of the society with an aim to produce more
and better food crops for mankind.
Technological advancements are shrinking distances and removing barriers to communication and
knowledge sharing. Information gathering and dissemination today is easy and convenient. No wonder that
agriculture too has began to reap the benefits of e-technologies in recent years.
The agricultural universities have been established to benefit the farmers who are the ultimate beneficiaries.
The teaching, research and extension work undertaken in the university work in an integrated way for the
transfer of technology. In the process of modernisation the transfer of technology to the farmers through a
popular media is, therefore, an urgent need at the moment.
Having understood the immense potential that e-technology can play in dissemination of agriculture
technologies and facilitating adoption of innovation. The ICAR through its VSAT hub and help of education
and research network (ERNET) under the Department of Information Technology initiated a project for
linking around 200 KVKs in the country through e-connectivity and the institute KVKs is one among them.
The first KVK was established in 1974 at Puducherry. The number of KVKs has risen to 645 and 106 more
KVKs are to be established in the newly created districts and some larger districts. The KVK scheme is

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100% financed by Govt. of India and the KVKs are sanctioned to Agricultural Universities, ICAR institutes,
related Government Departments and Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) working in Agriculture.
KVK, is an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System (NARS), aims at assessment of
location specific technology modules in agriculture and allied enterprises, through technology assessment,
refinement and demonstrations. KVKs have been functioning as Knowledge and Resource Centre of
agricultural technology supporting initiatives of public, private and voluntary sector for improving the
agricultural economy of the district and are linking the NARS with extension system and farmers.

UNIT– 2
CLASSIFICATION / CATALOGUING SYSTEMS: Technical aspect of Library
The word “Classification” has been derived from Latin word ‘Classic’ which means ‘grouping’.
Classification is the result of the arrangement of various classes. It means putting similar entities together
and separating unlike entities. This is done by examining what makes entities appear similar or unlike. The
features of qualities or attributes which the entities possess, may be similar among themselves or may be
different from one another. Characteristics are used as the basis for finding out the likeness or unlikeness
between entities. Classification is used for grouping of facts or phenomena. It is often taken as a mental
grouping, as against physical or actual assortment.

Need for Classification:

Documents need classification so that the preferred sequence may be maintained in a library. If documents
are not classified disorder will prevail and confusion will arise when one finds an unrelated mass of books.
“It is to bring system out of confusion of things that classification has been devised. As classification is
applied in libraries, it brings like books together; it saves time in finding them it reveals the weakness or
strength of the collection; it makes systematic revision of and addition to the stock possible. In fact, it is the
foundation of all successful modern library work.”

Purpose of classification:
The basic purpose of classification is to individualize each subject within its relevant class. This
individualization is only possible if each subject is given its own special name or number and that no other
subject shares this number. For individualizing a subject is given its own special name or number and that
no other subject shares this number. For individualizing a subject in this manner, classification must be
provided with an exhaustive scheme of notation. To Ranganathan the first step in the classification of a
document is the translation of its specific subject into an artificial language of ordinal numbers (notation).
1. When a reader asks for a book (document) which is in a library, it must be located immediately,
even though the library may have miles of shelves of books.
2. When a book (document) is returned to a library, its correct place on the shelves must be easily
determinable so that it can be replaced (and be ready) for the next user.
3. When a new book is added to a library it must find its proper (helpful) place among the other books
on the same subjects.
4. When the first book on a new subject arrives in a library, it must find a place among the books on
such other already existing subjects which are related to it, and in the degree of its relation to them.
Four Major Classification Schemes
• Library of Congress Classification (LCC)
• Dewey Decimal Classification System (DDC)
• Universal Decimal Classification System (UDC)
• Colon Classification (CC)

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 DEWEY DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION
The Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) system is a general knowledge organization tool that is
continuously revised to keep pace with knowledge. The system was conceived by Melvil Dewey in 1873
and first published in 1876. The DDC is published by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. OCLC
owns all copyright rights in the Dewey Decimal Classification, and licenses the system for a variety of uses.
The DDC is the most widely used classification system in the world. Libraries in more than 135 countries
use the DDC to organize and provide access to their collections, and DDC numbers are featured in the
national bibliographies of more than 60 countries. Libraries of every type apply Dewey numbers on a daily
basis and share these numbers through a variety of means (including WorldCat, the OCLC Online Union
Catalog). Dewey is also used for other purposes, e.g., as a browsing mechanism for resources on the web.
The DDC has been translated into over thirty languages. Translations of the latest full and abridged editions
of the DDC are completed, planned, or underway in Arabic, Chinese, French, German, Greek, Hebrew,
Icelandic, Italian, Korean, Norwegian, Russian, Spanish, and Vietnamese. Since its first edition so many
changes and modifications have been done in it. Its edition 23rd is published in 2011.

Design: The DDC attempts to organize all knowledge into ten main classes. The ten main classes are each
further subdivided into ten divisions, and each division into ten sections, giving ten main classes, 100
divisions and 1000 sections.

Main class
000 Computer Science, Information & General Works
100 Philosophy & psychology
200 Religion
300 Social sciences
400 Language
500 Science
600 Technology
700 Arts & Recreation
800 Literature
900 History & Geography

Divisions
600 Technology
610 Medicine & health
620 Engineering
630 Agriculture
640 Home & family management
650 Management & public relations
660 Chemical engineering
670 Manufacturing
680 Manufacture for specific uses
690 Building & construction

Sections
630 Agriculture & related technologies
631 Techniques, equipment & materials
632 Plant injuries, diseases & pests
633 Field & plantation crops
634 Orchards, fruits & forestry
635 Garden crops (Horticulture)
636 Animal husbandry

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 637 Processing dairy & related products
638 Insect culture
639 Hunting, fishing & conservation

Sub Sections
634 Orchards, fruits, forestry
634.1 Pomaceous fruits (apples, pears)
634.2 Stone fruits (apricots, plums, cherries)
634.3 Citrus and moraceous fruits (oranges, lemons, fig)
634.4 Other fruits (guavas, sapota)
634.5 Nuts (walnut, almonds, cashews)
634.6 Tropical and subtropical fruits (coconuts, dates, olives)
634.7 Berries and herbaceous tropical and subtropical fruits (raspberries, cane fruits,
blackberry)
634.8 Grapes
634.9 Forestry

634.3 Citrus and moraceous fruits

634.31 Oranges
634.32 Grapefruit
634.33 Citron group
634.34 Kumquats
634.36 Moraceous fruits
634.37 Figs
634.38 Mulberries
634.39 Breadfruit

Another Example:

636 Animal Husbandry

636.1 Horses
636.2 Cattle and related animals
636.3 Sheep and goats
636.4 Swine
636.5 Chickens and other kind of domestic birds
636.6 Birds other than poultry
636.7 Dogs
636.8 Cats
636.9 Other mammals

636.1 Equines / Horses

636.11 Oriental horses (Arabian, Persian, Turkish)
636.12 Racehorse and trotters (Thoroughbred)
636.13 Saddle (Riding horses) (American, Morab, Pinto)
636.14 Carriage horses
(Harness horses Cleveland bay and Hackney Horses)
636.15 Draft horses (Belgian, Shire horses)
636.16 Ponies (Iceland, Shetland, Welsh ponies)
636.17 Light harness (Morgan, Standard bread)

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 UNIT– 2
LIBRARY CATALOGUING

The term ‘Catalogue” as been formed from the Greek phrase ‘Katalogs’. Kata means ‘according to; logos
means “order” or “reason”. Thus a “catalogue” may be explained as a work in which arrangement of
contents is put in a “reasonable” manner in a particular ‘order’ or according to a set of ‘Plan’. Library
catalogue means a list of books and other documents of a particular library or of libraries of a particular
locality arranged in a recognized order with definite plan for location an identification of materials in the
library.

Objective of the library catalogue:

• To enable a person to find a book of which either
– The author
– The title or is known
– The subject
• To show ____ the library has
– By a given author
– On a given subject
– In a given kind of literature
• To assist in the choice of a book
– As to its edition (Bibliographically) or
– As to its character (literary or topical)
Cataloguing and classification are the twin processes adopted in library administration to help readers in
locating the desired books and other reading materials quickly and conveniently
Functions of the Catalogue
• One of the essential functions of the library is to provide a reader with the books he requires and it
is the catalogue that performs this function by bringing the needs of the reader into relation with the
resources of the library.
• Accurate and speedy determination of whether or not an item known by author or title is in the
collection, and if no, where it may be found.
• What materials the library contains upon a given subject and where they may be found.
• Catalogue should be an efficient instrument for ascertaining:
• Whether the library contains a particular book specified by:
• Its author and title or
• If the author is not named in the book, its title along or
• If author and title are inappropriate or insufficient for identification, a suitable substitute for the
title;
• Which works by a particular author and Which editions of a particular work are in the library

Structure of the Catalogue

• To discharge these functions the catalogue should contain.
• At least one entry for each book catalogued
• More than one entry relating to any work, whenever there is necessary in the interests of the user or
because of the characteristics of the book –
• When the author is known by more than one name or form of name or
• When the author’s name has been ascertained but is not on the title page of the book or
• When the several authors or collaborators have shared in the creation of the book or
• When the book is attributed to various authors or
• When the book contains a work known by various titles.
• The various entries in a catalogue are the means by which the objectives of the catalogue are
achieved

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 UNIT-3
SOURCES OF INFORMATION

Comparison of Knowledge and Information

KNOWLEDGE INFORMATION
Static and Dormant Travels from one person to another, from
one place to another, from one country to
another country, or from one Institution
to another or through some media.
Rest in the Human Mind Medium of Information carrier may be in
or paper or Micro form the form printed Book or Journals or
Microfilm/Microfiche, CD ROM, records
globe or Models.

Knowledge, which is communicated, is also termed as Information and it must be communicated

Scientific Communication: - Involves mutually depends on two channels.
These two forms of communication are interdependent and complementary sources of Information

Formal Communications Informal Communication

This can be further divided into Usually oral include face to
Various written sources, Books/ face conversation, Telephone
Monographs/Journals Articles, Exchange, Personal
Technical Reports etc. Correspondence.

TYPES OF INFORMATION SOURCES

PRIMARY SOURCES
Primary sources original materials or other words it is first published records of original research or
description of new application or new interpretation of old ideas. A primary source is a document, speech,
or other sort of evidence written, created or otherwise produced during the time under study. Primary
sources offer and inside view of a particular event. Examples include original documents, autobiographies,
diaries, e-mail, interview, letters, minutes, news, film footage, official records, photographs, raw research
data, and speeches. Creative works, Art, dram, films, music, novels, poetry etc.
1) Scientific journals:
Scientific and technological journals or periodicals are most important medium for the publication of the
results of research or observation. Periodicals have certain specific features which distinguish them from
other published material.

2) Research bulletins, pamphlets and research reports:

Research bulletins, pamphlets and research reports (excluding annual reports) have been defined by the
commission of European communities as non-conventional literature since these are not announced through
the conventional trade channels.

3) Proceedings of conferences and congresses:

Proceedings of conferences and congresses etc. have their own kind of importance as a media for
disseminating the results of scientific research. Often outstanding figures in a scientific research field will
be invited to speak on the state of the art in their own areas of research.

14
4) Theses or dissertations:
Thesis is a preposition on a particular problem or subject in which one has done original research presented
for the degree of Master of Science or doctor of philosophy. Its limited purpose is to contribute to the
solution of problem. Doctor’s degree thesis is based up on independent original research.

5) Patents and standards:

Patents are description of inventions of industrial, technological, chemical processes and products holding
legal safe guards from governmental authority.
Standards provide specifications and measurements in order to maintain the quality of the industrial
products or commodities.

SECONDARY SOURCES

The primary information or existing knowledge in the primary sources is synthesized or repackaged it is
called secondary publication or secondary source of information.
Secondary source are sources that are written about primary sources. Secondary source analyze, interpret,
and discuss information about the primary source. Secondary sources include journals articles, books,
encyclopedias, dictionaries, reviews, newspaper articles, specific essays, etc. most research papers are
based on secondary sources as they build on the research or studies other have done.

1) Dictionaries:
A dictionary is a list of words arranged in a systematic manner letter by letter or digit by digit. A general
dictionary lists words and gives the etymology or genesis of the term its grammar-noun, verb, pronoun etc.
meaning, equivalent word, its various usages.
2) Glossary:
A glossary is a list of standard technical terms arranged alphabetically in unilingual, bilingual or
multilingual order they provide equivalent terms.
3) Thesaurus:
A thesaurus is compiled or produced on the basis of standard scientific and technical terms, used while
indexing literature in electronic form in computer memory
4) Encyclopaedias:
These are also dictionaries universal in scope, providing comprehensive and descriptive treatment to a
specific topic object or subject .These can provide a good introduction to an unfamiliar subject. They
contain individual articles contributed by subject specialists or authoritative persons.
5) Bibliography
It is a list of publications .the list may contain articles /research papers or books / monographs and other
macro-documents or both .it may give simple citations or along with annotations.
6) Catalogue
A catalogue is a list of publications in holding a library catalogue, generally available on 3”*5” size
(catalogue) cards, represents the publications available in the holdings or collections of a library.
7) Handbook \Manual
Handbook as it indicates is a publication, which is supposed to be at hand while one is working in laboratory
or office. A hand book contains descriptive information about a subject, event, or object. It contains
methods, formulas, techniques, procedures, data along with figures, illustrations.
A manual is similar to a handbook it also contains data, methods, description but generally it gives step by
step laboratory techniques procedures of experiments, components and constituent materials and method
of working .

15
8) Directory and yearbooks
A directory consists of addresses of individuals, name of their establishments and organisations where they
work, notes on the activities and interest and objectives.
9) Atlas and Map
Atlas contains maps. A map may be political, geographical presentation of information or data namely for
physical geography.
Maps: Maps provide a vehicle to present complex data- economic, geographic, political or agricultural in
space and time through scale and cartographic-techniques.
1) Topographical maps
2) Natural feature maps:
a) Geological and geomorphological maps
b) Vegetation maps
c) Climate maps
d) Soil maps
3) Capability maps
4) Modification or interference maps
5) Representations of Agriculture
a) Land utilisation map
b) Type of farming maps
c) Agricultural distribution maps
d) Administrative maps

10) Gazetteer
Gazetteers are generally governmental descriptive accounts of land and its people, soil and water,
agriculture, industry, commerce and trade, education, energy, communication, defence etc

11) Indexing and abstracting services

Index: Literally an Index is a pointer. An index in a book acts as a pointer to the relevant or a particular
information, page or a subject matter .indexes in themselves are systematically arranged documents
providing specific type or specific nature of information and indicating the same published in document
giving its full reference for quick and pinpointed location by an user
i) Author index
ii) Subject index
iii) Cumulative index
iv) Citation index
v) Other kinds of indexes

Abstracts: The term abstract it is meant a summary, an extract, or condensed note on the publication cited
both indexing and abstracting services are chiefly important s guides to periodical literature.

12) Advances and Annual Reviews

From catching up or brushing up approach point of view of readers to a library, the advances and annual
review play a vital role in their research pursuits .advances and annual reviews are review publications.

13) Monographs, text books and Treatises

Any general book on a subject is called a monograph or textbook. Monograph means a work on single
subject, on specific facet of a subject or on a commodity providing complete retrospective information
about it as well as present state-of the-art of that subject or commodity.

16
14) Statistical publication
Statistics has been defined as a branch of mathematic dealing with the collection analysis interpretation and
presentation of masses of numerical and quantitative data

15) Biographies
A biographical publication is about the life history of persons of repute in different fields.

Tertiary sources
When the primary and secondary publications are repackaged second time, they are called tertiary
information sources. A tertiary source is and index and / or textual condensation or primary and secondary
sources. Tertiary publication are guides to the literature of general and special fields, which discuss both
primary and secondary sources
Tertiary sources are guides to literature of general and special fields which discuss both primary and
secondary sources
1) Guidebooks – Horticultural literature, Biological literature, Economic literature
2) Bibliography of bibliographies
3) Directory of directories
This is a tertiary source which can be regarded as an important tool of bibliographic control by presenting
published bibliographies on various subjects at one places

UNIT- 4:
ABSTRACTING AND INDEXING SERVICES
ABSTRACTING
An abstract is a brief summary of a research article, thesis, review, conference proceeding or any in-depth
analysis of a particular subject or discipline, and is often used to help the reader quickly ascertain the paper's
purpose. When used, an abstract always appears at the beginning of a manuscript, acting as the point-of-
entry for any given scientific paper or patent application or Abstracts are formal summaries writers prepare
of their completed work. Abstracts are important tools for readers, especially as they try to keep up with an
explosion of information in print and on the Internet.

Definition
Abstracts, like all summaries, cover the main points of a piece of writing. Unlike executive summaries
written for non-specialist audiences, abstracts use the same level of technical language and expertise found
in the article itself. And unlike general summaries which can be adapted in many ways to meet various
readers' and writers' needs, abstracts are typically 150 to 250 words and follow set patterns.

Need For ABSTRACT

The need for abstracting and other subrogation and indexing services is increasing along with the growth
of scientific literature. The abstracting and indexing services are striving to meet this need and to provide
expanded and diversified services. The current scene is a dynamic one.

Purposes of Abstracts
Abstracts – are there in many ways to save the time of their readers. The people who read academic journals
generally do a lot of specialized reading and therefore want to make the most of their time. Reading a one
page abstract will tell them if it is worth their while to continue to read the rest of the sixty page paper.

Abstracts typically serve five main goals:

• Help readers decide if they should read an entire article
• Help readers and researchers remember key findings on a topic
• Help readers understand a text by acting as a pre-reading outline of key points
• Index articles for quick recovery and cross-referencing
• Allow supervisors to review technical work without becoming bogged down in details

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Characteristics of the Abstracts
An abstract a well defined type of literature with definite attributes and unique style. Abstracting is not a
“natural” form of writing; it requires training. The abstract must be brief and accurate, and it must be
presented in a format designed to facilitate the skimming of a large number of abstracts in a search for
relevant material.

Brevity
• Brevity makes it worthwhile to use abstracts as surrogates. All natural languages, such as English,
are full of redundancy, much of which can be eliminated during abstracting of the original
document. Brevity saves not only time but also space, thus lowering the cost of the abstract.
Accuracy
• Publication of an abstract journal is a continual, uphill fight against error.
• Errors may be in citation or in body of the abstract.
Clarity
It is not enough for an abstract to be brief and accurate; it must be clearly written, in a style that is
easily read.
Abstracts Examples
Biological Abstract
Dissertation Abstract International
Theses Abstract
Field Crop Abstract
Indian Science Abstract
Horticultural Abstract
Chemical Abstract
Physics Abstract

Some of the important bibliographic databases of this category are mentioned below:
CABI Databases:
CAB International, London has built a computerized bibliographic database with abstracts to the tune of 3
million records since 1973. 1.6 lakhs records are added to it annually by scanning over 11,000 core
agricultural journals along with books, monographs, conference proceedings, reports, bulletins, etc. It is the
largest professionally developed database covering world wide issues in agriculture, forestry, dairy, animal
& veterinary science, food and nutrition, etc. CABI database is published in 47 printed abstracting journals
as well as on CD-ROMs. It is also accessible on Internet.

AGRICOLA:
Agriculture On-line Access (AGRICOLA) is a bibliographic database created by the National Agricultural
Library (USA) since 1970. Today, it is the most comprehensive source of bibliographic citations covering
wide range of agricultural and allied subjects – plant sciences agriculture, animal sciences, aquaculture,
veterinary science, forestry, nutrition, etc. It contains 3.3 million citations with abstracts to journal articles,
monographs, theses, patents, reports, A-V materials, etc. 1,00,000 records are added annually. AGRICOLA
is available online at NAL and accessible via the Internet as well on C-ROMs and magnetic tapes since
1970. Its print version is ‘Bibliography of Agriculture’.

Agris Database:
Agris (FAO, Rome) has built a bibliographic database since 1975 upto 1985 it was purely a bibliographic
reference database, but from 1986 it started indexing abstracts also. Presently, it covers only 21% abstracts
indexing. Agris provides worldwide bibliographic coverage of agriculture, forestry, fishery, animal and
veterinary science, food and nutrition, environment, etc. The Agris database is fully computerized and is
accessible on Internet. It is also published on CD-ROMs as well as in print form under title “Agri Index”

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Biosis Database:
Biosis (Bioscience Information service, Philadelphia) is the world’s most comprehensive bibliographic
database in the field of bio sciences, including life sciences, genetics, toxicology and zoological literature.
Its Biosis Previews database on hard disk contains over 7 million bibliographic records with abstracts since
1985 and is available online as well as on CD-ROMs.

Biotechnology Database:
Derwent Publications Ltd. Since 1982 have created a computerized database in the field of biotechnology
scanning over 1200 world’s leading scientific and technological journals. The online database is known as
‘Biotechnology Abstracts’ and its print version is also issued under title “Biotechnology Abstracts”. It
contains 140,000 Abstracts in the fields of biology, biotechnology, chemicals, food and agriculture,
genetics, health sciences, pharmaceuticals, plant genetics and breeding and wastes, etc.

Food Science and Technology Database (FSTA):

International Food Information Service (IFIS) since 1969 has a world leading Food Science and Technology
database which covers various aspects of food science, food products and food processing including
biotechnology, economics, manufacturing, legislation and packaging for any commodity. Based on
information from 2000 scientific journals in the line, FSTA database contains about,, abstracts. Its hard disk
information is accessible on Internet, in addition to CD-ROM and print copy of ‘Food Science &
Technology Abstracts’.

CD-ROM Databases (Bibliographic)

Today, a large number of companies around the world are publishing scientific data, bibliographic and full
text on CD-ROMs. Silver Platter publishers the largest number of CDROM databases in the field of
agrobiological sciences and other branches of science & technology, medicine, social sciences and
humanities.
Some of the important databases on CDROMs published in the field of agriculture and allied sciences are
mentioned here:
i) Biosis Databases on CD-ROMs available are:
Biological Abstracts on CD (1985-)
Biological Abstracts / RRM on CD (1989-)
Zoological Record on CD (1985-)
Biosis Gen Ref on CD (1985-)
Foods Intelligence on CD (1985-)
Toxline Plus on CD (1985-)

Biological Abstracts (BA) on CD-ROM

Biological Abstracts on CD is published since 1985 and presents the most comprehensive life science
journal literature, including agriculture, biochemistry, biotechnology, botany, ecology, environment,
microbiology, neurology, pharmacology and public health and monitoring 6,500 journals in the life science
discipline. In 19 CDs it contains about 5 million records. 3,60,000 records are added annually with quarterly
updates.

Biological Abstracts (BA)/RRM on CD ROM

Similar to Biological Abstracts (Reviews, Reports, Meetings) / RRM contains literature on life sciences
from reports, reviews, meetings literature, books, patents, etc: The database contains about 16,00,000
records since 1989 with annual additions of 2,16,000 records comprising of Review articles (16,500)
meeting literature (1,40,000), books (27,500) and patents (12,000).

ii) CAB International CDs

CAB International has published its database on CD-ROMs in 5 volumes since 1973 to date. They contain
in all about 3 million records with abstracts on different aspects of agriculture like agronomy, botany,
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horticulture, fertilizers, entomology, ecology and environment, economics, animal and dairy science and
aquaculture.

Ag Econ CD:
It offers a comprehensive coverage of literature on agricultural economics since 1973. It contains 2,40,000
abstracts on socio-economic aspects of agriculture, forestry & rural development including subjects like
agricultural economics, policy & planning, food industry, marketing & distribution, trade and finance, etc.
HORT CD:
This CD covers horticultural literature on the subjects like tree fruits and nuts, vegetables, ornamental
plants, minor industrial crops, along with information on their cultivation, propagation, planting, soils and
fertilizer, nutrition, crop management, plant breeding and genetics, post-harvest technology and fruit
industry, etc. Hort CD contains 4.5 lakh records with abstracts since 1973.

Vet CD:
On veterinary sciences, the Vet CD contains about 5,75,000 bibliographic records since 1973 to present.
Subjects covered into the Vet CD include animal science and animals, zoology and veterinary science and
as such it deals with aspects of arthropod, helminthes, protozoa, animal diseases, wild fish, shellfish, zoo
animals, wild animals, pets and farm animals.

Dissertation Abstracts International (DAI):

Dissertation Abstracts International from the University Microfilms International, (Michigan, USA) is a
monthly abstracts service in print form in two series –
(a) Humanities and social sciences,
(b) Sciences and Engineering,
Now, the Dissertation Abstracts on CD incorporates Dissertation Abstracts International along with
American Doctoral Dissertations, and comprehensive Dissertation Index. DAI contains 12,00,000 citations
since 1861 on biotechnology, chemistry, maths, medicine, pharmaceuticals, veterinary science & zoology
etc. along with economics, education, psychology, etc.
iv) Food Science and Technology Abstracts (FSTA):
FSTA from International Food Information Service (IFIS -) is a comprehensive database which covers
various aspects of food science, food products and food processing including biotechnology, economics,
dairy science, food manufacturing, food microbiology, food legislation and packaging of processed food
products. FSTA CD contains about 5,00,000 bibliographic records since 1969 to date, scanned from 2000
core scientific journals in the filed of Food Science and Technology.

Current Contents on CD-ROM:

The fastest Current Awareness Service (CAS) “Current Contents” (CC) issued in different series, viz.(i)
CC: Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences, (ii) CC: Life Sciences, (iii) CC: Social and Behavioral
Sciences etc. Apart from its Diskette edition it is available on CD-ROM. CC on CD-ROM is issued weekly.
Each weekly CD-ROM presents an entire year’s worth of current contents published data and thus provides
the facility of browsing or searching 52 continuous weeks of information at a time. Thus, it facilitates the
data/information search on a computer network.
vi) Wealth of India on CD-ROM:
National Institute for Science Communication (NISCOM) under Council of Scientific and Industrial
Research (CSIR, New Delhi) has published its Wealth of India (Ra Material Series) database on Indian
economic plants on CD-ROM under the title ‘Wealth Asia’ and other CDs on health and environment as
‘Health Asia’ and ‘Environment Asia’ respectively. Wealth Asia contains full text information about 5000
economic plants of India. Environment Asia is also very important full-text database related to environment
and related aspects.

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 INDEX
DEFINITIONS:
In a nonfiction book, a dissertation, etc. a more or less detailed alphabetical listing of names, places, and
topics along with the numbers of the pages on which they are mentioned or discussed. Usually included in
or constituting the back matter.
A sequential arrangement of material, esp. in Alphabetical or Numerical order. Something used or serving
to point out: a sign, token or indication: a true attention to some fact, condition et.; a guiding principle
A pointer or indicator in a scientific instrument.
A piece of wood, metal, or the like, serving as a pointer or indicator.
Also called fist, hand. Print, a sign used to point out a particular note paragraph etc.,
A light smooth cardboard stock.
The index finger; forefinger.
A number or formula expressing some property, ratio, etc… of something indicated;

WHAT IS INDEXING?
The word “Index” comes form the Latin word “indicaire” meaning “to point out or to guide”. The art or
technique to prepare such guides is indexing. According to British Standards (BS 3700: 1964), index “a
systematic guide to the text of any reading matter or to the contents of other collected documentary material,
comprising a series of entries, with headings arranged in alphabetical or other chosen order and with
references to show where each item indexed is located”. Indexing is, thus, a process by which the
information is organized to enable its easy retrieval and access.
Subject indexing “refers to the process of identifying and assigning labels, descriptors, or subject headings
to items of information”.(Unesco Handbook of Information Systems and Services,1977)
OBJECTIVES OF INDEXING:
Retrieval of Information by subjects from huge mass of documents requires that essential concepts are
identified and organized in a searchable form. Indexing is a mechanism by which information contained in
documents can be organized. Problems lie with Identifying and organizing the concepts. In the documentary
information, authors communicate in natural languages which are characterized by linguistic features. To
overcome the problems of natural language, the need for an artificial language-indexing languages arises.
There are two specific types of indexing language. Subject Headings Lists and Thesauri.

INDEXING SERVICES
1) AGRIS
AGRIS is the International bibliographic Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and technology.
It became operational in 1975 and since then AGRIS has accumulated a database of more than 2.8 million
bibliographic references (in August 1998)
AGRIS is managed centrally by the WAICENT/FAOINFO Dissemination Management Branch of the
Library and Documentation Systems Division (GIL) of FAO.

SUBJECT FIELDS
Created by FAO to facilitate world-wide information exchange. AGRIS identifies world
literature/documents dealing with all aspects of agriculture (including forestry, fisheries, human nutrition
and environment)
Agriculture in general
Plant science, production and protection
Post-harvest technology
Forestry
Animal science, production and protection
Fisheries and Aquaculture
Agricultural Machinery and Engineering
Natural machinery and Environment (including pollution, water management and climatology /
meteorology
21
Food and Human Nutrition
Processing of Agricultural products
Agricultural Economics
Rural Sociology and Rural Development
Geography and History
Agricultural Administration. Legislation, Information, Education and Extension.

2) AGRICOLA
AGRICOLA is a bibliographic database consisting of literature citations for journal articles, monographs,
proceedings, theses, patents translations, Audio-visual materials, computer HORT CD: software, and
technical reports pertaining to all aspects of agriculture. This extensive database provides selective
worldwide coverage of primary in English, but over one-third of the database comprises citations in western
European, Slavic, Asian, and African languages. Since 1985, the CAB Thesaurus has been used to select
controlled vocabulary terms for subject indexing. Library of Congress Subject Headings are used as
controlled Vocabulary for cataloging records.

3) WEB OF SCIENCE
Web of science provides researchers, administrators, faculty and students with quick, powerful access to
the world’s leading citation databases. Authoritative, multidisciplinary content covers over 10,000 of the
highest journals worldwide, including Open Access journals and over 110,000 conference proceedings.
You will find current and retrospective coverage in the sciences, social sciences, arts and humanities, with
coverage available to 1900. “Web of science makes it possible to conduct cross-disciplinary research and
drill down into very specialized subfields within disciplines. The ability to navigate forward or backward
within a field of literature, identifying citation patterns and core publications – which have always been a
key feature of citation indices – is incredibly easy to conduct with web of Science

Online Theses
 KrishiPrabha Online Doctoral Dissertation
 MGU Online Theses Library
 Vidyanidhi Digital Library
 Digital Repository of Science and Technology.
 The Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations
 Electronic theses and Dissertations at Virginia Tech
 Western Virginia University Institutional Repository

E_Resources Accessible to Library

CeRA Consortium for e
1. http://cera.jccc.in/index.asp
Resources in Agriculture
Wiley Online Library
2. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/
Journals
https://www.sciencedirect.com/browse/journals-and-
3. Science Direct Journals books?contentType=JL&accessType=containsOpenAccess&su
bject=agricultural-and-biological-sciences
http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/search/selectdb?vid=0&sid=c
4. Ebscohost Collection
eac2cc3-cae9-4b1f-beef-8a20945aaa59%40sessionmgr104
https://www.pdkv.ac.in/?page_id=170#sthash.bGXym9M7.dpb
5. Open Access Online Journals
s
6. Krishikosh http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/
NDLTD (Network Digital
7. Library of Theses & http://search.ndltd.org/
Dissertations)
8. Science Direct Journals http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/bookbshsrw
9. Wiley E-Books https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/
22
 10. CABI Direct http://www.cabdirect.org/web/about.html
11. CABI E-Books https://www.cabi.org/cabebooks
Directory of Open Access
12. http://www.doaj.org/
Books
FAO (Food and Agricukltural
13. http://www.fao.doa.org/
Organisation) Online Books
http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/search/basic?sid=5406902e-
14. Ebscohost E-Books 3b47-4a6c-909e-758d99cbc1a4@pdc-v-
sessmgr02&vid=0&tid=2003EB
https://www.sciencedirect.com/browse/journals-and-
15. Science Direct E-Books
books?contentType=BK
16. Taylor & Francis online https://www.tandfonline.com/
http://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=subject&type=
17. IndianJournals.com
0

Online Journals

1. ABC Chemistry: Free Full text Journals In Chemistry

2. Academic journals inc
3. AGRICOLA
4. AgZine (Index of Agricultural Serials)
5. Bentham Open Access
6. Bioline International
7. BioMed Central Open Access
8. Digital Library And Archives
9. Directory Of Open Access Journals
10. EDP Sciences
11. High Wire Press
12. ICAR Journals in Open Access
13. ICRISAT Institutional Repository
14. ICRISAT Library And Information Services
15. Indian Academy of Sciences (IAS)
16. Indian Journals
17. MedIND
18. Medknow
19. Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
20. NISCAIR ONLINE PERIODICALS REPOSITORY (NOPR)
21. Open J-gate
22. Public Library Of Science
23. SCIENCE ALERT
24. Springer Link
25. The American Phytopathological Society
26. World Academy of Science, Engineering And Technology

23
Facility of following databases in Library

24
25
OPAC
An OPAC (Online Public Access Catalog) is an online bibliography of a library collection that is available
to the public. OPACs developed as stand-alone online catalogs, often from VT100 terminals to a mainframe
library catalog. With the arrival of the Internet, most libraries have made their OPAC accessible from a
server to users all over the world. User searches of an OPAC make use of the Z39.50 protocol. This protocol
can also be used to link disparate OPCS into a single "union" OPAC.

What is OPAC?
OPAC is the Online Public Access Catalogue or, in other words, the library catalogue. It is an online
database of all of the resources held in the library. You can search OPAC to locate books in the library. It
lists the number of the items, whether they are in the library or out on loan, and their call number. The
library catalogue should be your first port of call when researching as it will let you know what relevant
resources the library holds. OPAC is web-based and will only work on campus.

Author Search
If you know the author you can enter their surname in the search box. In the box to the right, click on the
down arrow and select Authors.

Title Search
If you know the title of the book you can enter that in the search box. In the box to the right, click on the
down arrow and select Titles.

Subject Search
If you are starting a search and don’t have a particular title or author in mind, you can enter terms or
words related to the topic in the search box. In the box to the right, click on the down arrow and select
Subjects.

Advanced Search
If you want to do a more in-depth search you can do an Advanced Search. For example, you can choose
to search the Articles only or the Theses.

If it is available, make a note of the call number and you can go and find it on the shelves. If you have
any questions about OPAC, don’t hesitate to contact a member of the library team.

26