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Language of Function and Relation

The document explains the concepts of functions and relations, defining a function as a set of ordered pairs with unique first elements and providing examples of both functions and non-functions. It also discusses the domain and range of functions, methods for determining them, and various types of relations such as one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, and many-to-many. Additionally, it introduces the vertical line test for identifying functions and the process of evaluating functions.

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Eena Gee
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3 views

Language of Function and Relation

The document explains the concepts of functions and relations, defining a function as a set of ordered pairs with unique first elements and providing examples of both functions and non-functions. It also discusses the domain and range of functions, methods for determining them, and various types of relations such as one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, and many-to-many. Additionally, it introduces the vertical line test for identifying functions and the process of evaluating functions.

Uploaded by

Eena Gee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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language of

function and relation


function:
A function is a set of ordered pairs (x, y) such that
no ordered pairs have the same first element x.

A function is a rule or correspondence that assigns


exactly one range value to each domain value.
example of functions:
1. {(0, 1), (1, 3), (2, 5), (-2, 3)}
2. {(1, 1), (-1, 1), (2, 4), (-2, 4)}
3. {(0, 0), (1, 1), (2, 2), (-3, -3)}

example of NON functions:


1. {(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6), (1, 8)}
2. {(1, 1), (1, -1), (4, 2), (4, -2)}
3. {(-3, 4), (-1, 5), (0, 7), (-3, 9)}
DOMAIN AND RANGE OF A FUNCTION:
If f is a function consisting of the ordered pairs (x, y),
we define the domain of f as the set of all possible
values of x and the range as the set of all possible
values of y.
example in finding domain and range:
In a set of ordered pairs, the domain and range of
the function can be easily identified by identifying
the values of x and y.
Let T = {(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 5), (3, 8)}
Domain of T: {(0, 1, 2, 3)}
Range of T: {(1, 2, 5, 8)}
Let S = {(-2, 6), (2, 0), (3, 9), (5, 3), (-1, 4)}
Domain of S: {(-2, -1, 2, 3, 5)}
Range of S: {(0, 3, 4, 6, 9)}
example in finding domain and range:
First-degree equations of the form y= mx + b and y = k ( where
m and b are constants) are linear functions. They are defined
for all x and y in the set of real numbers. Hence,
Domain: Set of all real numbers or {x|x ∈ R}
Range: Set of all real numbers or {x|x ∈ R}
for y = k, where k is a constant, the domain is
R while the range is the set {k}.
example:
y = 7 (domain (all allowed x-values) is all real numbers,
and its range (all allowed y-values) is only 7
example in finding domain and range:
In rational function f(x) = h(x) / g (x), the steps in
finding the domain and range of f(x) are given below:

1. To find the domain, look for the value/s of x


where g(x) = 0. Do not include these values in the
domain, for they will make f(x) undefined).
2. To find the range, solve for x interms of y, then
find the restricions on y.
example in finding domain and range:
RELATION:
A relation is a set of ordered pairs (x, y). The set containing all
the x’s and y’s are called domain and range, respectively

Relation can be described in several ways, namely: arrow


diagrams (mapping), tables, ordered pairs, graph,
mathematical sentence, equations, or formulas.
“All functions are relations,
but not all relations are
functions. “
one -to- one relation
a relation is said to be one -to-one if each element in
the domain is paired with exactly one element in the
range and no two distinct elements of the domain are
paired with the same element in the range.
one -to- MANY relation
a relation is said to be one -to-many if at least one
element in the domain is paired with morethan one
element in the range.
MANY-to- ONE relation
a relation is said to be many-to-one if two or more
elements in the domain are paired with one element in
the range.
MANY-to- many relation
a relation is said to be many-to-many if two or more
elements in the domain are paired with two or more
element in the range.
more examples
VERTICAL LINE TEST
A function can be identified from a graph. If any vertical
line drawn through the graph cuts the graph at more than
one point, then the relation is not a function. This is called
the vertical line test.
VERTICAL LINE TEST
EVALUATING FUNCTION:
A function is denoted by small letters (f, g, h, and others.). The function is
usually written as y = f(x), read as “y equals f of x” or “ y is a function of x”.
It implies that the value of y depends upon and is uniquely determined by
x. Hence, the variable x is called the independent variable and the
variable y, the dependent variable.
If f(x) denotes a certain function of x, then f(a)gives the value of the
function at x = a. The process of performing the indicated operations
after substituting the assigned value in a function or relation is called
evaluation
evaluating function
evaluating function
evaluating function
Direction: Identify whether the given mapping and
graph is FUNCTION or NOT FUNCTION try these:
Try solving the following problem using
your knowledge of functions and relations.

Direction: evaluate the following functions

7)

5) 6) 8)

9)

10)

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