Spring with spring boot - 3 days

==================================

requirment:
------------
core java
jdbc: way to connection to db
servlet jsp
some knowlege of design pattern
--------------------

SW: java 17
sts 4: ide eclipse
maven 3.6: build tool, it automcatically download the jar files
any framework in java ---> jar

mysql
postman

Day-1
---------
Spring Introduction
• Shortcomings of Java EE and the Need for Loose Coupling
• Managing Beans, The Spring Container, Inversion of Control
• The Factory Pattern
• Configuration Metadata - XML, @Component, Auto-Detecting Beans
• Dependencies and Dependency Injection (DI) with the BeanFactory
• Setter Injection
Dependency Injection
• Using the Application Context
• Constructor Injection
The Spring Container and API
• The Spring Managed Bean Lifecycle
• Autowiring Dependencies

Other Metadata Configurations

• Annotation Configuration @Autowired, @Required, @Resource
• @Component
• @Value and @Qualifier
• Life Cycle Annotations
• Java Configuration, @Configuration, XML free configuration
• The AnnotationConfigApplicationContext

oracle or mysql

mysql 8.x

Spring framework:
-------------------
java framework that make sw easy
Depdendency injection
loose coupling

pull vs push

spring framework act as a container and manage the life cycle of the beans
 Car , Passanger, AccountService, AccountDao

how to configure the beans:

----------------------------
1. pure xml
2.xml + annotation
3. java config + annotation (spring boot)

what are main annotation we hv done :

---------------------------------------

@Component
|
--------------------------------------------------
| |
|
@Controller @Service @Repository

controller service
Repository

@Autowire
DI at 3 places:

1. field injection XX
2. setter injection (non mandatory dep)
3. ctr injection (mandatory dep)

Spring profile:
------------------
@Profile("test")

VM arg:
-Dspring.profiles.active=dev

u can swap the implementation with out changing the code

web---------------- service ----------------repository ----------- db

ravi mohit anil

(hashmap)

jdbc

spring basics
jdbc basics
jpa basics

Spring boot: (most poplular framewrok in java)

------------------------------------------------
H2 database with spring boot
h2 is in memory database
spring REST
bank application
ex handling
validation
database with h2
spring security
microservice idea
docker

Day 2:
-----
Spring and Persistence
• Spring and JDBC
• Spring and ORM

Spring Boot
Spring Boot Framework – High Level Overview
• Spring Architecture
• Spring Containers
• Spring Bean Lifecycle
• Spring DI
• Spring Autowiring

Day 3:
---------
Spring Boot – Database Integration
• Spring Boot – JDBC
• Spring Boot – JPA
• Spring Boot – Data
Introduction to Actuator

RESTful Web Services

• Core REST concepts
• REST support in Spring
• Use Spring MVC to create RESTful Web services
• REST specific Annotations in Spring
• URITemplates, @PathVariable, @RequestParam
• JSON and XML data exchange
• @RequestMapping

Introduction to Java EE and problems

---------------------------
intro to spring framework:
---------------------------
Spring is java framework for simplification of sw development
it have many modules

Spring framework important modules:

What is spring boot?

-----------------

Why spring boot

Now we have spring boot:

Spring Dependency Injection

---------------------------

Need of Dependency Injection?

loose coupling and high cohesion?

A passanger is traveling using a car

Spring DI using XML

Spring DI using annotation

they do the same job

aka meta data for srping to tell what to do

@Component
@Autowire
replace lots of xml

spring xml----> annotation

how to force spring to go for annotations?

@Bean vs @Component
these are 2 ways to create bean using annotation
are they same... not

NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type

'com.busycoder.demo4.Vehicle' available: expected single matching bean but found
2: car,bike

Spring DI using java configuration

done
spring dependency injection important annotation
done

spring profile:
it allow you to swap the bean impl at run time without changing the code :)
devops: dev, test, pre-prod , prod

NoSuchBeanDefinitionException

spring bean life cycle basics

spring core interview questions

Spring DI bankapplication

3 tier app:

@Component
|
----------------------------------------------------
| |
|
@controller @Service @Repository
@RestController

web ---------------------- service --------------- dao layer -------------db

transfer the fund

deposit
withdraw

Spring boot REST bank application step by step :

-----------------------------------------------
=> Spring boot REST application
=> Spring data
=> Spring boot exception handing
=> Spring boot validation
=>Spring boot Monotring and Logging
=> spring boot profile
=> spring boot actuator
=> Spring Boot microservice architecture
=> spring boot openfeign
=> Spring boot security

=> Spring boot REST application

====================================

Step 1: create spring boot application : web, devtools

step 2: create repository layer

-----------------------------
class Account{
private int id;
private String name;
private double amount;
}
public interface AccountDao {
public List<Account> getAll();
public Account getById(int id);
 public void updateAccount(Account account);
}

@Repository
public class AccountDaoImplMap implements AccountDao{

private Map<Integer, Account> map=new HashMap<>();

public AccountDaoImplMap(){
map.put(1, new Account(1,"amit",1000));
map.put(2, new Account(2,"sumit",1000));
}
@Override
public List<Account> getAll() {
return new ArrayList<>(map.values());
}

@Override
public Account getById(int id) {
return map.get(id);
}

@Override
public void updateAccount(Account account) {
map.put(account.getId(), account);
}
}

Step 3: create service layer and implementation

-------------------------
public interface AccountService {
public List<Account> getAll();
public Account getById(int id);
public void transfer(int fromId, int toId, double amount);
public void deposit(int fromId, double amount);
public void withdraw(int fromId, double amount);
}

@Service
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService{

private AccountDao accountDao;

@Autowired
public AccountServiceImpl(AccountDao accountDao) {
this.accountDao = accountDao;
}

@Override
public List<Account> getAll() {
return accountDao.getAll();
}

@Override
public Account getById(int id) {
return accountDao.getById(id).orElseThrow(()->new
BankAccountNotFoundException("bank account with id "+id +" is not found"));
}
 @Override
public void transfer(int fromId, int toId, double amount) {
Account fromAcc=getById(fromId);//load both the acc in memory
Account toAcc=getById(toId);
fromAcc.setAmount(fromAcc.getAmount()-amount);
toAcc.setAmount(toAcc.getAmount()+amount);
accountDao.updateAccount(fromAcc);
accountDao.updateAccount(toAcc);
}

@Override
public void deposit(int fromId, double amount) {
Account acc=getById(fromId);
acc.setAmount(acc.getAmount()+amount);
accountDao.updateAccount(acc);
}

@Override
public void withdraw(int fromId, double amount) {
Account acc=getById(fromId);
acc.setAmount(acc.getAmount()-amount);
accountDao.updateAccount(acc);
}
}

step 4: Write excpetion

-----------------------------
public class BankAccountNotFoundException extends RuntimeException {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

public BankAccountNotFoundException(String message) {

super(message);
}
}

step 5: Write Controllers

-----------------------------
AccountCrudController
---------------------------------

@Controller
@ResponseBody
public class AccountCrudController {

private AccountService accountService;

@Autowired
public AccountCrudController(AccountService accountService) {
this.accountService = accountService;
}

//@ResponseBody annotation ie contain inside @RestController automatically

covert java object to json
//-----------get all accounts-----
@GetMapping(path = "accounts")
 public List<Account> getAll(){
return accountService.getAll();
}

//------------get account by id--------

@GetMapping(path = "accounts/{id}")
public Account getById(@PathVariable int id) {
return accountService.getById(id);
}

//------------add account-------

//------------delete account by id--------

//------------update account by id--------

step 5: Write Controllers

-----------------------------
TransctionController
---------------------------------

We need to write dto also

public class TransferDto {

private Integer fromAccId;
private Integer toAccId;
private double amount;
//getter setter ctr etc
}

public class DepositDto {

private Integer accId;
private double amount;
}

public class WithdrawDto {

private Integer accId;
private double amount;
}

@RestController
public class TransctionController {

private AccountService accountService;

public TransctionController(AccountService accountService) {

this.accountService = accountService;
}

//from postman i am sending json that need to be converted to java object:

@RequestBody
// transfer
@PostMapping(path="transfer")
public String transfer(@RequestBody TransferDto transferDto) {

accountService.transfer(transferDto.getFromAccId(),transferDto.getToAccId()
, transferDto.getAmount());
return "fund transfer successfully";
}

//deposit
@PostMapping(path="deposit")
public String deposit(@RequestBody DepositDto depositDto) {
accountService.deposit(depositDto.getAccId(), depositDto.getAmount());
return "fund deposit successfully";
}

//withdraw
@PostMapping(path="withdraw")
public String withdraw(@RequestBody WithdrawDto withdrawDto) {
accountService.withdraw(withdrawDto.getAccId(),
withdrawDto.getAmount());
return "fund withdra successfully";
}

step 5: Test with postman

------------------------

all accounts : get

http://localhost:9090/accounts

get a particular account:

http://localhost:9090/accounts/1

Fund transfer : Post

http://localhost:9090/transfer

{
"fromAccId": 1,
"toAccId": 2,
"amount": 10
}

Fund deposit : Post

http://localhost:9090/deposit

{
"accId": 1,
"amount": 10
}

Fund withdraw : Post

http://localhost:9090/withdraw
{
"accId": 1,
"amount": 10
}

Part 2: Spring data

======================
abstracion on jpa u dont have to write dao layer

step 1: add new dep h2, jpa

step 2: use following to add to application.properties files

--------------------------------------------------

server.port=8090
spring.h2.console.enabled=true
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:h2:mem:testdb
spring.datasource.driverClassName=org.h2.Driver
spring.datasource.username=sa
spring.datasource.password=password
spring.jpa.database-platform=org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect
# Custom H2 Console URL
spring.h2.console.path=/h2

spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update

logging.level.org.springframework.web: DEBUG
logging.level.org.hibernate: ERROR

spring.jpa.show-sql=true

step 3: we want to apply jpa annotation to the class Account

------------------------------------------------------------

@Entity
@Table(name="account_table")
public class Account {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private int id;
private String name;
private double balance;
}

step 4: use spring data (abs over jpa)

-------------------------------------------
u dont need to write dao layer u need "declare" dao layer

AccountDao extends JpaRepository

@Repository
public interface AccountRepository extends JpaRepository<Account, Integer>{
}
step 5: change the implementation of service layer
-----------------------------------

@Service
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService{

private AccountRepository accountRepository;

@Autowired
public AccountServiceImpl(AccountRepository accountRepository) {
this.accountRepository = accountRepository;
}

@Override
public List<Account> getAll() {
return accountRepository.findAll();
}

@Override
public Account getById(int id) {
Account account= accountRepository.findById(id).orElseThrow(()->new
BankAccountNotFoundException("bank account not found") );
return account;
}

@Override
public void transfer(int fromId, int toId, double amount) {
Account fromAcc=getById(fromId);
Account toAcc=getById(toId);
fromAcc.setBalance(fromAcc.getBalance()-amount);
toAcc.setBalance(toAcc.getBalance()+amount);

accountRepository.save(fromAcc);
accountRepository.save(toAcc);

@Override
public void deposit(int fromId, double amount) {
Account acc=getById(fromId);
acc.setBalance(acc.getBalance()+amount);
accountRepository.save(acc);

@Override
public void withdraw(int fromId, double amount) {
Account acc=getById(fromId);
acc.setBalance(acc.getBalance()-amount);
accountRepository.save(acc);
}

step 6: As soon as my application start i should have some records by default added
to the database:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------
h2-> as soon as i restart my application my data would be lost

CommandLineRunner in spring boot

@Component
public class DataInit implements CommandLineRunner {

@Autowired
private AccountRepository accountRepository;

@Override
public void run(String... args) throws Exception {

//As soon as app start spring boot will run this run method
//data init job

accountRepository.save(new Account("amit", 1000.00));

accountRepository.save(new Account("sumit", 1000.00));
System.out.println("-------------2 accounts are added
---------------------");
}

step 7: login to h2 console with provided informations

--------------------------------------------------
http://localhost:9090/h2

step 8: (optional) use lombok to get rid of extra boilderplat code

--------------------------------------------------------------------
install lombok
https://projectlombok.org/download

step 8: it is not good to use amount or balance as double

we should use BigDecimal
--------------------------------------------------------

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@Builder
public class DepositDto {
private Integer accId;
private BigDecimal amount;

@Data
public class TransferDto {
private Integer fromAccId;
private Integer toAccId;
private BigDecimal amount;
}

@Data
public class WithdrawDto {
private Integer accId;
private BigDecimal amount;

@Entity
@Table(name="account_table")
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Account {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private int id;
private String name;
private BigDecimal balance;

public Account(String name, BigDecimal balance) {

this.name = name;
this.balance = balance;
}
}

step 8 (b) change the service layer to use BigDecimal

-----------------------------------------------------
public interface AccountService {
public List<Account> getAll();
public Account getById(int id);
public void transfer(int fromId, int toId, BigDecimal amount);
public void deposit(int fromId, BigDecimal amount);
public void withdraw(int fromId, BigDecimal amount);
}

and change the implementation

--------------------------------

@Service
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService{

private AccountRepository accountRepository;

@Autowired
public AccountServiceImpl(AccountRepository accountRepository) {
this.accountRepository = accountRepository;
}

@Override
public List<Account> getAll() {
return accountRepository.findAll();
}
 @Override
public Account getById(int id) {
Account account= accountRepository.findById(id).orElseThrow(()->new
BankAccountNotFoundException("bank account not found") );
return account;
}

@Override
public void transfer(int fromId, int toId, BigDecimal amount) {
Account fromAcc=getById(fromId);
Account toAcc=getById(toId);
fromAcc.setBalance(fromAcc.getBalance().subtract(amount));
toAcc.setBalance(toAcc.getBalance().add(amount));

accountRepository.save(fromAcc);
accountRepository.save(toAcc);

@Override
public void deposit(int fromId, BigDecimal amount) {
Account acc=getById(fromId);
acc.setBalance(acc.getBalance().add(amount));
accountRepository.save(acc);

@Override
public void withdraw(int fromId, BigDecimal amount) {
Account acc=getById(fromId);
acc.setBalance(acc.getBalance().subtract(amount));
accountRepository.save(acc);
}

step 9: i want to add for address and phone to account class

-----------------------------------------------------------
@Entity
@Table(name="account_table")
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Account {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private int id;
private String name;
private BigDecimal balance;
private String phone;
private String email;
private String address;
}

change dbint accordingly

Step 10: we will add more crud methods (with db)

----------------------------------------------------
try urself:
//------------add account--------------------
//------------delete account by id--------
//------------update account by id--------

Step 10.1: add new method decleration to the service layer

------------------------------------------------------

public interface AccountService {

public Account addAccount(Account account);
public Account deleteAccount(int id);
public void updateAccount(int id, AccountDetailDto accountDetailDto);
}

Step 10.2: Create a dto for update operation

------------------------------------------------------

@Data
public class AccountDetailDto {
private String phone;
private String email;
private String address;
}

Step 10.3: implement these method new method decleration to the service layer
------------------------------------------------------

@Service
@Transactional
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService{

//.....

@Override
public Account deleteAccount(int id) {
Account accountToDelete= getById(id);
accountRepository.delete(accountToDelete);
return accountToDelete;
}

@Override
public void updateAccount(int id, AccountDetailDto accountDetailDto) {
Account accountToUpdated= getById(id);
accountToUpdated.setAddress(accountDetailDto.getAddress());
accountToUpdated.setPhone(accountDetailDto.getPhone());
accountToUpdated.setEmail(accountDetailDto.getEmail());

accountRepository.save(accountToUpdated);//save do both add/update

operation ins spring data
}

Step 10.4: create corrosponding controller

------------------------------------------------------
@Controller
@ResponseBody
public class AccountCrudController {

//.......

//@RequestBody force json object to be converted to java object,

//proper "parser" jackson parser is alredy in the classpath
//we just need to add parser for xml

//------------add account-------
@PostMapping(path = "accounts")
public Account addAccount( @RequestBody Account account) {
return accountService.addAccount(account);
}

//------------delete account by id--------

@DeleteMapping(path = "accounts/{id}")
public Account deleteById(@PathVariable int id) {
return accountService.deleteAccount(id);
}

//------------update account by id--------

@PutMapping(path = "accounts/{id}")
public String updateAccount(@PathVariable int id,@RequestBody
AccountDetailDto accountDetailDto) {
accountService.updateAccount(id, accountDetailDto);
return "account details are updated successfully";
}

Step 11: how to send correct status code

----------------------------------------
ref:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Status

how to send correct status code: ResponseEntity

ResponseEntity: bag that can hold 2 thinng data + status code

@Controller
@ResponseBody
public class AccountCrudController {

private AccountService accountService;

@Autowired
public AccountCrudController(AccountService accountService) {
this.accountService = accountService;
}
 //@ResponseBody annotation ie contain inside @RestController automatically
covert java object to json
//-----------get all accounts-----
@GetMapping(path = "accounts")
public ResponseEntity<List<Account>> getAll(){
List<Account> accounts= accountService.getAll();
return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.OK).body(accounts);
}

//------------get account by id--------

@GetMapping(path = "accounts/{id}")
@ResponseStatus(code = HttpStatus.OK)
public Account getById(@PathVariable int id) {
return accountService.getById(id);
}

//@RequestBody force json object to be converted to java object,

//proper "parser" jackson parser is alredy in the classpath
//we just need to add parser for xml

//------------add account-------
@PostMapping(path = "accounts")
public ResponseEntity<Account> addAccount( @RequestBody Account account) {
return
ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.CREATED).body(accountService.addAccount(account));
}

//------------delete account by id--------we dont return anything 204

@DeleteMapping(path = "accounts/{id}")
public ResponseEntity<Void> deleteById(@PathVariable int id) {
accountService.deleteAccount(id);
return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.NO_CONTENT).build();
}

//------------update account by id--------

@PutMapping(path = "accounts/{id}")
public ResponseEntity<String> updateAccount(@PathVariable int
id,@RequestBody AccountDetailDto accountDetailDto) {
accountService.updateAccount(id, accountDetailDto);
String message= "account details are updated successfully";
return ResponseEntity.ok(message);
}

@RestController
public class TransctionController {

private AccountService accountService;

public TransctionController(AccountService accountService) {

this.accountService = accountService;
}

//from postman i am sending json that need to be converted to java object:

@RequestBody
// transfer
@PostMapping(path="transfer")
public ResponseEntity<String> transfer(@RequestBody TransferDto transferDto)
{

accountService.transfer(transferDto.getFromAccId(),transferDto.getToAccId()
, transferDto.getAmount());
String fundTransferMessage= "fund transfer successfully";
return ResponseEntity.ok(fundTransferMessage);
}

//deposit
@PostMapping(path="deposit")
public ResponseEntity<String> deposit(@RequestBody DepositDto depositDto) {
accountService.deposit(depositDto.getAccId(), depositDto.getAmount());
String fundDepositMessage= "fund deposit successfully";
return ResponseEntity.ok(fundDepositMessage);
}

//withdraw
@PostMapping(path="withdraw")
public ResponseEntity<String> withdraw(@RequestBody WithdrawDto withdrawDto)
{
accountService.withdraw(withdrawDto.getAccId(),
withdrawDto.getAmount());
String fundWithdrawMessage= "fund withdraw successfully";
return ResponseEntity.ok(fundWithdrawMessage);
}

Step 12: Tranasction management:

----------------------------------
ACID concepts
in normal app: u are responsible for tx mgt

try{
tx.begin();

tx.commit();
}catch(..........){
}

Spring data : automatically transactional

but in terms of business logic we need to apply tx in service:

Spring provide declearitive tx mgt

i should put the @Transactional
acid concept is taken care itself

Pls refer
https://www.marcobehler.com/guides/spring-transaction-management-transactional-in-
depth
for more indepth understanding on tx mgt
step 13: exception handing
--------------------------
How to do excpetion handing in spring boot:
using AOP* (Aspect oriented programming)
it is a way to handle cross cutting concern?

service: BL + tx , sec, caching, ex handing

AOP is just a techenique to handle ccc in declerative way

{
"timestamp": "2024-05-30T05:41:30.232+00:00",
"status": 500,
"error": "Internal Server Error",
"toContact":"[email protected]"
}

step 13.1 we need a dto to hold the error message:

---------------------------------------------------

@Data
public class ErrorInfo {
private String timestamp;
private String status;
private String error;
private String toContact;
}

step 13.2 we need write a special controller to handle the exceptions

---------------------------------------------------
@RestControllerAdvice
public class BankAppExHandlerController {

@ExceptionHandler(BankAccountNotFoundException.class)
public ResponseEntity<ErrorInfo> handle404(BankAccountNotFoundException ex){

ErrorInfo errorInfo= ErrorInfo.builder()

.error(ex.getMessage())
.toContact("[email protected]")
.timestamp(LocalDateTime.now())
.status(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND.toString())
.build();
return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND).body(errorInfo);
}

@ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
public ResponseEntity<ErrorInfo> handle500(Exception ex){

ErrorInfo errorInfo= ErrorInfo.builder()

.error("pls try after some time")
.toContact("[email protected]")
.timestamp(LocalDateTime.now())
.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.toString())
.build();
 return
ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body(errorInfo);
}
}

step 14: validation

--------------------
We need to ensure to stop the user to send wrong data to the application
for ex:
{
"name": null,
"balance": 1000.00,
"phone": "9950543978",
"email": "indu@gmail",
"address": "banglore"
}

data should not be allowed during post call to add a account

How to achive it?

Step 14.1: add a validation starter

----------------------------------

Step 14.2: Apply the annotation on pojo so that validation can be done
----------------------------------

@Entity
@Table(name="account_table")
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Account {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private int id;

@NotNull(message = "account holder name can not be null")

 @Pattern(regexp = "[A-Za-z]+( [A-Za-z]+)*", message = "account holder name
should be alphabets")
private String name;
@NotNull(message = "balance should not be null")
@Range(min = 10, max = 100000, message = "account balance must be in range of
10 to 100000")
private BigDecimal balance;

@NotNull(message = "phone should not be null")

@Pattern(regexp = "[789][0-9]{9}", message = "phone no should be valid")
private String phone;

@Email(message = "email should be correct formate")

@NotNull(message = "email should not be null")
private String email;

@NotNull(message = "address should not be null")

private String address;

public Account(String name, BigDecimal balance, String phone, String email,

String address) {
this.name = name;
this.balance = balance;
this.phone = phone;
this.email = email;
this.address = address;
}

Step 14.3: Force spring boot to apply these annotation before converting to java
objection -> @Valid
--------------------------------------------------------------------
@PostMapping(path = "accounts")
public ResponseEntity<Account> addAccount( @RequestBody @Valid Account
account) {
return
ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.CREATED).body(accountService.addAccount(account));
}

BAD_REQUEST

Step 14.4: Now we need to write a handler to handle MethodArgumentNotValidException

--------------------------------------------------------------------
import java.time.LocalDateTime;

@RestControllerAdvice
public class BankAppExHandlerController {

//-----------------

//MethodArgumentNotValidException
@ExceptionHandler(MethodArgumentNotValidException.class)
public ResponseEntity<ErrorInfo> handle400(MethodArgumentNotValidException
ex){

ErrorInfo errorInfo= ErrorInfo.builder()

 .error("some validation problem")
.toContact("[email protected]")
.timestamp(LocalDateTime.now())
.status(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST.toString())
.build();
return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST).body(errorInfo);
}

Step 14.5: Now we need to give cause why validation have failed?
--------------------------------------------------------------------

//MethodArgumentNotValidException
@ExceptionHandler(MethodArgumentNotValidException.class)
public ResponseEntity<ErrorInfo> handle400(MethodArgumentNotValidException
ex){

String errorMessage= ex.getBindingResult()

.getAllErrors()
.stream()
.map(x->x.getDefaultMessage())
.collect(Collectors.joining(", "));

ErrorInfo errorInfo= ErrorInfo.builder()

.error(errorMessage)
.toContact("[email protected]")
.timestamp(LocalDateTime.now())
.status(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST.toString())
.build();
return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST).body(errorInfo);
}

Step 14.6: Hard coding of error message is bad thing, how to control it?
--------------------------------------------------------------------
spring boot alreay have message handler configured... u just need to use it

We need to write the message into a file

-------------------------------------------

ValidationMessages.properties
-----------------------------
account.email.absent=Please provide email address
account.email.invalid=Please provide valid email address

account.name.absent=Please provide customer name

account.name.invalid=Name should contain only alphabets and space

account.phone.absent=Please provide phone

account.phone.invalid=Please provide correct phone number of 10 digits

account.balance.absent=Please provide initial balance

account.balance.invalid=Please provide correct initial balance bw 100 to 100000

what if file name is something else ( u need to define a extra bean)

----------------------------------------------------------------------
https://www.baeldung.com/spring-custom-validation-message-source
Now apply these values to the pojo
-----------------------------------------

@NotNull(message = "{account.name.absent}")
@Pattern(regexp = "[A-Za-z]+( [A-Za-z]+)*", message =
"{account.name.invalid}")
private String name;

@NotNull(message = "{account.balance.absent}")
@Range(min = 100, max = 100000, message = "{account.balance.invalid}")
private BigDecimal balance;

@Email(message = "{account.email.invalid}")
@NotNull(message = "{account.email.absent}")
private String email;

@NotNull(message = "{account.phone.absent}")
@Pattern(regexp = "[789][0-9]{9}", message = "{account.phone.invalid}")
private String phone;

Step 14.7: Hard coding of error message is bad thing, how to control it?
--------------------------------------------------------------------

step 14.7.1: put string for error message into application.properties file
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
UserInterface.TRANSFER_SUCCESS=transfer done successfully
UserInterface.DEPOSIT_SUCCESS=amount deposit successfully
UserInterface.WITHDRAW_SUCCESS=amount withdraw successfully

Service.ACCOUNT_NOT_EXISTS=Account not exist

Service.FROM_ACCOUNT_NOT_EXISTS=From Account not exist

Service.TO_ACCOUNT_NOT_EXISTS=To Account not exist

Service.NOT_SUFFICIENT_BALANCE=Account dont have sufficient balance

step 14.7.2: we need to get these values into my controller/service layer

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Autowire Environment to the controller , this will help me to get error
informations

@RestController
public class TransctionController {

private AccountService accountService;

private Environment environment;
 @Autowired
public TransctionController(AccountService accountService, Environment
environment) {
this.accountService = accountService;
this.environment = environment;
}

step 14.7.2:we need to get values using environment so that no hard coding must be
there in project
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

@RestController
public class TransctionController {

private AccountService accountService;

private Environment environment;

@Autowired
public TransctionController(AccountService accountService, Environment
environment) {
this.accountService = accountService;
this.environment = environment;
}

//from postman i am sending json that need to be converted to java object:

@RequestBody
// transfer
@PostMapping(path="transfer")
public ResponseEntity<String> transfer(@RequestBody TransferDto transferDto)
{

accountService.transfer(transferDto.getFromAccId(),transferDto.getToAccId()
, transferDto.getAmount());

String fundTransferMessage=
environment.getProperty("UserInterface.TRANSFER_SUCCESS");

return ResponseEntity.ok(fundTransferMessage);
}

//deposit
@PostMapping(path="deposit")
public ResponseEntity<String> deposit(@RequestBody DepositDto depositDto) {
accountService.deposit(depositDto.getAccId(), depositDto.getAmount());
String fundDepositMessage=
environment.getProperty("UserInterface.DEPOSIT_SUCCESS");
return ResponseEntity.ok(fundDepositMessage);
}

//withdraw
@PostMapping(path="withdraw")
public ResponseEntity<String> withdraw(@RequestBody WithdrawDto withdrawDto)
{
 accountService.withdraw(withdrawDto.getAccId(),
withdrawDto.getAmount());
String fundWithdrawMessage=
environment.getProperty("UserInterface.WITHDRAW_SUCCESS");
return ResponseEntity.ok(fundWithdrawMessage);
}

step 15: how to support xml xml support

-------------------------------------------
We need a parser for xml (for json it is alreay there in spring boot)

Step 1: put parser for xml

<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-dataformat-xml</artifactId>
</dependency>

Step 2:
@GetMapping(path = "products", produces = {MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE,
MediaType.APPLICATION_XML_VALUE})

Step 16: bannner:

--------------------

spring.banner.location=classpath:banner.txt

https://devops.datenkollektiv.de/banner.txt/index.html

Step 14: running spring boot application as jar file:

--------------------
java -jar jpa_demo2-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar --server.port=8050

step 16: spring boot mysql

----------------------------
Step 16.1: add mysql dep in the pom of spring boot

step 16.2: put prop related to mysql

----------------------------------------
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demoms?useSSL=false
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update
logging.level.org.springframework.web: DEBUG
logging.level.org.hibernate: ERROR
spring.jpa.show-sql=true
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.format_sql=true

step 16.3: Create database and use it and run it...

----------------------------------------

step 17: spring boot profile

----------------------------
let say i want to switch from h2 to mysql dependeing on devops

dev
test
pre-prod
prod

test: h2
prod: mysql

how to manage switching the profile

step 17.1: we need to create diff prop file depending on profile

---------------------------------------------------------------
application-prod.properties
---------------------------

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/edu123
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

application-test.properties
----------------------------
spring.h2.console.enabled=true
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:h2:mem:testdb
spring.datasource.driverClassName=org.h2.Driver
spring.datasource.username=sa
spring.datasource.password=password
spring.jpa.database-platform=org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect
spring.h2.console.path=/h2

step 17.2 use profile while running the app as jar file:
---------------------------------------------------------
java -jar bankapp.jar --spring.profiles.active=prod
how to change the port number?

java -jar --spring.profiles.active=prod bankapp.jar --server.port=9999

step 16: spring boot reading property files:
---------------------------------
refer example :
bankapp-08-profile from github

1. @Value annotation
2. Enviornment
3. @ConfigrationProperties

@EnableConfigurationProperties(Config.class)

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix="spring.datasource")

Step 16: how to change the embedded server?

---------------------------------------------
https://howtodoinjava.com/spring-boot/configure-jetty-server/

step 17: spring boot logging customization:

---------------------------------

spring boot logging:

-------------------

Disable logging :
---------------
logging.level.root=OFF
logging.level.org.springframework.boot=OFF
spring.main.banner-mode=OFF

Customizing logging :
---------------
logging.level.org.springframework.web: DEBUG
logging.level.org.hibernate: ERROR

logging.level.com.productapp=info

logging.level.org.springframework.web: DEBUG
logging.level.org.hibernate: ERROR

# Logging pattern for the console

logging.pattern.console= "%d{yyyy-MM-dd } [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n"
#logging pattern for file
logging.pattern.file= "%d{yyyy-MM-dd } [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n"

logging.file.name=/home/raj/Desktop/logs/server.log
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-log4j2</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j-spring-boot</artifactId>
</dependency>

step 18: swagger documentation

-------------------------------
https://www.baeldung.com/spring-rest-openapi-documentation

=> Documenting a Spring REST API Using OpenAPI 3.0

=>Swagger is almost equivalent to SOAP formate, used for documentation of REST api

Step 1:

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>
<artifactId>springdoc-openapi-starter-webmvc-ui</artifactId>
<version>2.2.0</version>
</dependency>

Step 2:

http://localhost:9090/v3/api-docs

http://localhost:9090/swagger-ui/index.html

http://localhost:9090/v3/api-docs.yaml

Step 3:
Customization location
springdoc.swagger-ui.path=/swagger-ui-bankapp.html

@OpenAPIDefinition(info = @Info(title = "bookapp API", version = "2.0" ,

description = "YMSLI bookapp API"))
public class BookappApplication implements CommandLineRunner {
}
step 19: spring boot actuator:
-------------------------------
Actually it is used to monitor / track various things
info, database , application matrix

http or jmx

even we can create custom endpoints

server.port=8080
spring.devtools.restart.enabled=true

#management.endpoints.web.exposure.exclude=*
management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=health, custom-endpoint

management.endpoint.health.show-details=always

management.health.disk.enabled=true
management.health.livenessstate.enabled=true
management.health.readinessstate.enabled=true
management.server.port=9090

#/actuator/info endpoint will show the information given here, keys

# that are started with info

management.info.env.enabled=true
info.app.encoding=UTF-8
info.app.java.source=11
info.app.java.target=11
info.app.name=spring booot actuator

Custom end points

@Configuration
@Endpoint(id = "custom-endpoint")
public class CustomEndpoints {
@ReadOperation
public String getCustomData(){
return "This is custom Data";
}
}

step 20: how to create war file of the project and deploy to tomcat / jboss
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

step 21: how to create docker images of spring boot application

----------------------------------------------------------------
step 2: Create Dockerfile

FROM openjdk:17-alpine
MAINTAINER email="[email protected]"
EXPOSE 8080
ADD target/empapp.jar empapp.jar
ENTRYPOINT ["java","-jar","empapp.jar"]

step 3: create image using command

docker build -t rgupta00/empapp:1.2 .

docker image ls

step 4: run image

docker container run --name producer -p 8080:8080 -d rgupta00/empapp:1.2

docker container logs <id>

docker container logs -f <id>

step 5: push image to docker hub

first login : docker login

then run command :

docker tag empapp:1.2 rgupta00/empapp:1.2
docker push rgupta00/empapp:1.2

step 6: pull image from the docker hub

docker pull rgupta00/empapp:1.2

step 7: other person now can pull the image

remove the images

docker images
docker image rmi <imgid> -f

now pull the image and run it

docker run --name empapp -p 8080:8080 rgupta00/empapp:1.2

Roadmap for modern java backend engg : 2024
---------------------------------------------
core java:
----------
OOPs concepts
Interface abs class
SOLID

io, serilization
ex handling
logging: log4j

collection aka readymade

how to imp ll, stack, tree.... Competitive programming*

adv java:
-------------

Threads

Java reflection

java annotation

java 8 features

java 9 features

java 17 upto features

GOF patterns

JDBC
tx mgt
ACID

Servlet jsp basics

Spring framework
DI
AOP
Spring jdbc
Spring Hibernate
Spring mvc with jsp (basics)

Spring Boot
=> Understand Depdendency Injection
=> bean wiring :xml, annoation, java configuraton
=> Spring boot aop
=> spring mvc basics
=> REST basics
=> Spring boot REST application
=> Spring AOP
=> Spring JDBCTemplate
=> Spring data
 => Spring boot web application, Spring MVC arch
=>Spring boot Monotring and Logging
=> Spring boot security
=> spring boot profile
=> spring boot actuator
=> spring boot jdbcTemplate
=> Spring Boot microservice architecture
=> spring boot openfeign

Docker k8s linux

Microservices

-----------imp property file configurations------------------

server.port=8090
server.servlet.context-path=/bankapp
spring.datasource.driver-class-name= com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect= org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto= update
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/edu123?useSSL=false
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
spring.jpa.show-sql=true
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.format_sql=true

spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update

# if u want to disable logging

#logging.level.root=OFF
#logging.level.org.springframework.boot=OFF
#spring.main.banner-mode=OFF

logging.level.org.springframework.web: DEBUG
logging.level.org.hibernate: ERROR
logging.level.com.productapp: INFO
logging.level.com.productapp.service: INFO

logging.pattern.console= "%d{yyyy-MM-dd } [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n"

#logging pattern for file
logging.pattern.file= "%d{yyyy-MM-dd } [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n"
#i wnat to send logs to a specific file?

spring.jpa.show-sql=true
spring.banner.location=
spring.jmx.enabled=true
management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=*
management.endpoints.jmx.exposure.include=*

management.info.env.enabled=true
info.app.encoding=UTF-8
info.app.java.source=21
info.app.java.target=21
info.app.name=productapp
info.app.dev=amit ku

management.endpoint.health.show-details=always
management.endpoint.health.probes.enabled=true
# livenessstate readinessstate
#management.health.livenessstate.enabled=true
#management.health.readinessstate.enabled=true

UserInterface.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR=some internal server error

#UserInterface.PRODUCT_ADD_SUCCESS=product added successfully
#UserInterface.PRODUCT_UPDATE_SUCCESS=product added successfully
#UserInterface.PRODUCT_DELETE_SUCCESS=product added successfully
#
#Service.PRODUCT_NOT_EXISTS=Product not exist
#
#
#product.name.absent=Please provide product name
#product.name.invalid=product Name should contain only alphabets and space
#
#product.price.absent=Please provide product price
#account.price.invalid=Please provide correct price bw 100 to 100000

info.key=default
spring.profiles.active=test

server.port=8090
server.servlet.context-path=/productapp
spring.h2.console.enabled=true

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:h2:mem:testdb
spring.datasource.driverClassName=org.h2.Driver
spring.datasource.username=foo
spring.datasource.password=foo
spring.jpa.database-platform=org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect

# Custom H2 Console URL

spring.h2.console.path=/h2

spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update
Reference book:
-----------------
Beginning Spring Boot 3: Build Dynamic Cloud-Native Java Applications and
Microservices Paperback

interview questions:
https://github.com/altafjava/spring-interview-questions-answers
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11316688/inversion-of-control-vs-dependency-
injection-with-selected-quotes-is-my-unders
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6550700/inversion-of-control-vs-dependency-
injection