QLP 1ST Oralcom
QLP 1ST Oralcom
Quarte
First Grade Level 11 Learning Area ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT
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The learners:
Explains the functions, nature and process of communication
Use various strategies in order to avoid communication breakdown
Differentiates the various models of communication
Most Essential Learning
Examine sample oral communication activities
Competencies (MELCs)
Identify the various types of speech context
Distinguish types of speech and speech style
Respond appropriately and effectively to a speech act
Employ various communication strategies in different situations
At the end of the session, I can…
(I) Explains the functions, nature and process of communication
(I)Use various strategies in order to avoid communication breakdown
(II)Differentiates the various models of communication
Learning Targets (II)Examine sample oral communication activities
Identify the various types of speech context
Distinguish types of speech and speech style
Respond appropriately and effectively to a speech act
Employ various communication strategies in different situations
Day
Objectives discuss the etymology of communication;
compare and explain the various meaning of communication;
use various strategies in order to avoid communication breakdown;
comprehend how communication works to become effective communicators;
watch, listen and comprehend a sample oral communication activity; and,
recognize the different models of communication.
differentiate intrapersonal from interpersonal communication.
explain the nature and the characteristics of each type of speech context.
identify social situations in which each style can be used.
realize that communicative competence requires understanding of speech acts.
demonstrate effective use of communicative strategy in a variety of speech situations.
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Prayer
Health and Safety Routines
Attendance Checking
I. Explore
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1.2 :iILLUSTRATE: On the box provided, illustrate what happens in communication and briefly explain your answer on the space provided beside the box.
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Classroom-based Learning _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Activities _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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LEARNING ACTIVITY 2.1In My Own Opinion: Read and analyze the following statements carefully. Observe the language used in each item. The, complete the table that will
follow. (5 items – 6 points each)
1. “What’s up, dude?”
2. “Jose, do you accept Maria as your lawful wife?” “Yes, father, I do.”
3. “Sweety, how’s your work? Have you taken your lunch? What time will you reach home?
4. “Doctor, what vitamin can my child take if she often has colds?”
“Try to give her vitamin C, plenty of water, and lots of fruits.”
5. “Good morning Ms. Rivera. I am Ms. Santos. I am applying as a secondary teacher…”
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Based on the definitions above, communication is a process which means that such act requires certain procedure that leads to the development of something or to a
particular result. With this, I can say that communication is the process of exchanging information from one person to another.
The following ideas below are inherent in communication according to Wood (2004).
NATURE OF COMMUNICATION
1. It is a process.
2. It is systemic.
3. It is symbolic.
4. It involves meaning.
As human beings, we need to function socially as individuals by communicating. It is through communication that we share to others our aspirations, perceptions,
dreams, hopes and visions. To fully understand communication, we must know what really takes place when we engage in communication.
Since communication is a process of exchanging messages either verbal or nonverbal, it means that we have to be cognizant of the steps that have to be taken to achieve the
desired result. Understanding the communicative process will enable us to become effective communicators.
The communication process demonstrates all the factors that affect the communication. The main components are as follows:
COMPONENTS OF COMMUNICATION
STAGE 1 : SENDING THE MESSAGE
Sender is also known as speaker, source or encoder.
In oral communication, the encoder is the speaker.
In written communication, the writer is the encoder.
Message is the key element that is transmitted in communication. Whether it is oral or written, the first thing to do is to decide what we want to communicate and the
content of our message.
Channel is also known as medium and refers to the pathway through which the message travels in order to reach its destination.
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Aspects of Context:
a. External stimulus prompts one to respond either in oral or written form.
Ex: letters, memo, telephone calls, meetings, emails, casual conversations
b. Internal stimulus affects the way one communicates his/her thoughts and ideas.
Ex: likes, dislikes, feelings, attitudes, emotions, points of views, experiences, education, confidence
Kinds of Context
a. Physical context includes the material objects surrounding the communication event and other features of the natural world.
Ex: arrangement of furniture, size of the room, time of the day, temperature, lightning
b. Social context involves the relationship of the speaker and the listener or the audience and the expectations involved in that relationship.
Ex: the way a student makes a request to his classmates will be different from the way he requests from his mom
c. Chronological context refers to the time and timing that affect the transmission and reception of the message.
Ex: calling up someone in the middle of the night, reviewing a lesson for a quiz at dawn
Noise is also called as interference and refers to anything that hinders the transmission or reception of the message.
Categories of Noise
a. Internal noise is noise within yourself while speaking and can be controlled however. It refers to anything that one thinks of during the time one is engaged in
communication.
b. External noise on the other hand cannot always be controlled. It is the noise in your surroundings by other people and the environment.
Everywhere you go, communication is needed. It is a must that you need to apply the seven C’s for you to achieve effective communication.
7 C's of Effective Communication
1. Completeness
2. Conciseness
3. Consideration
4. Concreteness
5. Courtesy
6. Clearness
7. Correctness
As human beings, we always keep on communicating. We spend a large percentage of our waking hours in communicating and even if we are in silence, we are also conveying
a message to the people around us.
Familiarizing ourselves with the communication models will help us know about the various aspects of communication. The essential elements of communication process are
presented through the communication models and such models help us to measure the effectiveness of communication.
The following are the models of communication that will help us understand the process of human communication.
1. ARISTOTLE’S MODEL
Ancient Greek philosopher
Proponent of the earliest mass communication model, Aristotle’s Model of Communication before
300 BC
Stressed the importance of the audience in the communication process
His focus in on public speaking than interpersonal communication
3. SCHRAMM’S MODEL
Proposed by Wilbur Schramm in 1954
Originated from Shannon-Weaver’s model
Emphasizes that both the sender and the receiver take turns in playing the role of the encoder and the decoder in a communication
Stresses that the message can be complex as its meaning can vary from one individual to another
Meanings may be denotative or connotative.
Denotative meanings are common or dictionary meanings and can be the same for most people.
Connotative meanings are based on the person’s background or experience.
Three Elements of Schramm’s Model
Source or encoder
Message or signal
Destination or decoder
4. BERLO’S MODEL
Pioneered by David Berlo in 1960
Known as SMRC (source/message/receiver/channel)
Emphasizes the relationship between the sender and the
receiver of the message
Believes that for an effective and successful communication to
transpire, both the source and the receiver should demonstrate
the same level in terms of (a) communication skills (b)knowledge
about the topic (c) attitude toward the subject (d)familiarity of the
social system as well as the culture of each one
A style is a linguistic variants that a person uses and that has specific social meanings. It is a choice of words that a person can use or apply in different situations. Being able to
identify what style you are using when you communicate is essential in making sure that you are able to achieve your goal of sending your message and of being understood.
Good communication skills can help you avoid conflict and solve problems – they’re also important for making friends and having healthy relationships.
Since you are adept with the speech styles, let us find out the different speech acts that a speaker uses to achieve the intended function of communication.
Speech act is an utterance that a speaker makes to achieve an intended effect and serves a function in communication like offering an apology, greeting, request, complaint,
invitation, compliment, or refusal. It involves real-life interactions that require not only knowledge of the language but also appropriate use of that language within a culture.
Speech act theory attempts to explain:
a. how speakers use language to accomplish intended actions; and,
b. how listeners understand intended meaning from what is said
According to J.L. Austin (1962), a philosopher of language and developer of the speech act theory, there are three types of speech acts in every utterance, given the right
circumstances or context.
1. Locutionary Act (WHAT ONE SAYS)
the act of making a meaningful utterance
the actual act of uttering or saying something
the simple act of a speaker saying something by producing meaningful linguistic expression or sentence
“Please do the dishes.”
There are also indirect speech acts which occur when there is no direct connection between the forms of the utterance and the intended meaning. They are different in force
(intention) from the inferred speech act.
So while the utterance literally asks the addressee if he/she has the ability to hand a plate of rice, it actually indirectly requests the addressee to pass the rice to the speaker.
PERFORMATIVES
Performative utterance enables the speaker to perform something just by stating it. A performative utterance said by the right person under the right circumstances results in a
change in the world.
For example, “I now pronounce you as husband and wife.”, when uttered by the authorized person like judge or priest, will have actual effect on the couple but when an
unauthorized person, there is no effect because the condition is not met.
Always keep in mind that speech acts include concrete life interactions that require the appropriate use of language within a given culture. Communicative competence (the ability
to use linguistic knowledge to effectively communicate with others) is essential for a speaker to be able to use and understand speech acts.
You have already encountered speech context, style, and acts. In the next discussion, you will find the other facet of strategies that would make you a better speaker.
People communicate every day to establish and maintain relationships, know and understand themselves, and find meaning in the daily grind. Moreover, since human beings are
social beings who survive more effectively through sensible discourses, they are always driven to learn the skills of creating and sustaining gainful conversation.
An effective communicator engages in an appropriate exchange of information. Communicative competence is attained when the person recognizes the importance of
understanding the speech context, speech style, speech act and communicative strategy being utilized in a communication situation.
Types of Communicative Strategy
1. Nomination engages in a conversation by proposing or suggesting a topic or issue to talk about.
Common expressions include: “Why don’t we talk about ____?”, “Let’s discuss ________.”, “How about talking/discussing ______?”
2. Restriction refers to limiting the topic or subject in conversation. This happens when the person wants to focus on a certain aspect of the issue.
Common expressions include: “Let us focus on ____.”, “Please let us not talk ______.”, “Could we just focus on _____?”, “Is it possible to just concentrate on _______?”
3. Turn-taking refers to conventions in which participants allow appropriate opportunities for others to talk or the manner in which an orderly conversation normally takes place. A
turn is the time when a speaker is talking and turn taking is the skill of knowing when to start and finish a turn in conversation.
4. Topic control means regulating or manipulating the topic of conversation and how long a person may talk.
Common expressions include: “Yes, but…”, “You know. I am not sure about that. However, what I can tell you is…”, “The real question here is…”, “It would be good idea if we talk
_____ than ______.”
5. Topic shifting refers to changing the subject in a conversation because the person involved in the conversation do not find the current topic interesting.
Common expressions include:
“By the way…”, “Incidentally”… “To follow up….”
6. Repair means the correction by the speaker of a misunderstood utterance either through self- initiated repair or corrected by others. This is the process by which the speaker
recognizes a speech error and repeats what has been said with some correction.
Common expressions include: “I mean…”, “What I mean is that…”, “Rather…”
7. Termination refers to ending the conversation.
Common expressions include:
Pre-closing: “It’s been nice talking to you.”, “I’m sorry, but I have to go.”, “Thanks for the information/your time.”
Follow up: “I’ll give you a call.”, “I’ll send an e-mail.”, “We’ll send the information right away.”, “How can I reach you?”
Closing: “I look forward to see you.”, “Let me give you my number/calling card.”, “Here’s my office number.”, “Let’s keep in touch.”, “Call me.”
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I. DEEPENING ACTIVITIES
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1: : iEXPLAIN
Answer briefly the following questions.
1. How can you become effective communicator?
2. List and discuss each of the communication barriers learned.
3. How can external factors hinder effective communication?
4. Can you consider the speaker’s appearance an external barrier? Why?
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1.2: iCLASSIFY: Let’s find out in this video where we can classify the different models of communication
above. Watch first the video below.
Video: The 3 Models of Communication (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5a9AQeSFI1Y)
What is the video all about? Could you summarize the content of the video in 2-3 sentences?
LEARNING ACTIVITY 2: Video Analysis: Watch the video of telephone conversation through the given link; then answer the following questions.
Video Assignment: Sample Order taking| Customer Support Philippines: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hpZFJctBUHQ
Suppose you are Gio in the situation. What would be your reaction? Write your response below. Take note that your reaction must show logical connection to the utterance you must be responding to.
Criteria for Scoring: Concept (10 points); Clarity (10 points); Reasoning (10 points)
Prepared: Checked and Noted: