Course Name-Microprocessor

Course Code-COM-503
Lecture No-1

Topic – Basics of Microprocessor 8085 and its

architecture.

Model Institute of
Engineering & Technology
Course Outcomes
Course Description Mapping with Program
Outcomes Outcomes and Program
Specific Outcomes

CO1 Characterise and predict the effects of the properties PO[1,2,6,10,12]

PSO[1]
of the bus on the overall performance of a system.

CO2 Analyse, design, specify and test various assembly PO[1,2,3, 4,5,6,9,12]
PSO[1,2]
language programs of moderate complexity.

CO3 Understand and articulate the interfacing of memory PO[3,,4,5,6,8,9,10,]

PSO[1,2]
and various I/O devices with 8085 microprocessor.

CO4 Classify the instruction set of 8085 microprocessor PO[1,3,5,7,10]

PSO[1,2]
and distinguish the use of different instructions and
apply them in assembly level programming.

CO5 To learn the design aspects of 8086 microprocessor PO[1,2,,7,10]

PSO[1,2]
and its programming structure
Course Outcome 1-Delivery Plan
Course Topics Blooms Taxonomy
Outcomes

Basics of a Microprocessor Remembering

8085 Architecture Understanding

8085 Bus structure Remembering

CO1

8085 Internal structure Understanding

8085 Functional Block diagram Understanding

Outcomes of Today’s Lecture

• To study the basic concepts of a microprocessor.

• To study the internal structure of 8085 and its architecture in detail.
• To study the functional block diagram of 8085.
Difference between Microcomputer, Microprocessor and
Microcontroller

• Microcomputer –a computer with a

microprocessor as its CPU. Includes memory, I/O
etc.
• Microprocessor –silicon chip which includes
ALU, register circuits & control circuits
• Microcontroller –silicon chip which includes
microprocessor, memory & I/O in a single
package.
Microprocessors

• The word comes from the combination micro and processor.

• Processor means a device that processes whatever.
• In this context processor means a device that processes numbers,
specifically binary numbers, 0’s and 1’s.
• To process means to manipulate.
• The microprocessor is a programmable device that takes in
numbers, performs on them arithmetic or logical operations
according to the program stored in memory and then produces
other numbers as a result.
Microprocessors
• Programmable device: The microprocessor can
perform different sets of operations on the data it
receives depending on the sequence of instructions
supplied in the given program. By changing the
program, the microprocessor manipulates the data
in different ways.
• Instructions: Each microprocessor is designed to
execute a specific group of operations. This group
of operations is called an instruction set. This
instruction set defines what the microprocessor
can and cannot do.
Microprocessors
• Key Points: The data that the microprocessor
manipulates must come from somewhere. It comes
from what is called “input devices”.
• These are devices that bring data into the system from
the outside world.
• These represent devices such as a keyboard, a mouse,
switches, and the like.
A Microprocessor-based system
• The following block diagram represents a
microprocessor-based system:
Topic 1-Building Blocks of Processor Systems
Organization of a microprocessor-based system
Topic 1-Processor System Architecture

The typical processor system consists of:

▪ CPU (central processing unit)

▪ ALU (arithmetic-logic unit)
▪ Control Logic
▪ Registers, etc…
▪ Memory
▪ Input / Output interfaces
Interconnections between these units:

▪ Address Bus
▪ Data Bus
▪ Control Bus
Organization of a microprocessor-based system

• Memory stores information such as instructions and data in

binary format (0 and 1). It provides this information to the
microprocessor whenever it is needed.
• Usually, there is a memory “sub-system” in a
microprocessor-based system. This sub-system includes:
• The registers inside the microprocessor
• Read Only Memory (ROM)used to store information
that does not change.
• Random Access Memory (RAM) (also known as
Read/Write Memory) used to store information
supplied by the user. Such as programs and data.
 Bus and CPU

Bus: A shared group of wires used for communicating signals among

devices
• address bus: the device and the location within the device that is
being accessed
• data bus: the data value being communicated
• control bus: describes the action on the address and data buses
CPU: Core of the processor, where instructions are executed
• High-level language: a = b + c
• Assembly language: add r1 r2 r3
• Machine language: 0001001010111010101
 Memory and I/O

Memory: Where instructions (programs) and data are stored.

• Organized in arrays of locations (addresses), each storing one byte (8
bits) in general
• A read operation to a particular location always returns the last
value stored in that location
I/O devices: Enable system to interact with the world

• Device interface (a.k.a. controller or adapter) hardware connects

actual device to bus
• The CPU views the I/O device registers just like memory that can
be accessed over the bus. However, I/O registers are connected to
external wires, device control logic, etc.
• Reads may not return last value written
• Writes may have side effects
8085 Microprocessor Architecture
 The 8085 Bus Structure

The 8-bit 8085 CPU (or MPU – Micro Processing Unit) communicates
with the other units using a 16-bit address bus, an 8-bit data bus and a
control bus.
 The 8085 Bus Structure

Address Bus

▪ Consists of 16 address lines: A0 – A15

▪ Operates in unidirectional mode: The address bits are always sent

from the MPU to peripheral devices, not reverse.

▪ 16 address lines are capable of addressing a

total of 216 = 65,536 (64k) memory locations.

▪ Address locations: 0000 (hex) – FFFF (hex)

 The 8085 Bus Structure

Data Bus

▪ Consists of 8 data lines: D0 – D7

▪ Operates in bidirectional mode: The data bits are sent from the
MPU to peripheral devices, as well as from the peripheral devices to
the MPU.

▪ Data range: 00 (hex) – FF (hex)

Control Bus

▪ Consists of various lines carrying the control signals such as read /

write enable, flag bits.
 The 8085: CPU Internal Structure

The internal architecture of the 8085 CPU is capable of performing the

following operations:

▪ Store 8-bit data (Registers, Accumulator)

▪ Perform arithmetic and logic operations (ALU)

▪ Test for conditions (IF / THEN)

▪ Sequence the execution of instructions

▪ Store temporary data in RAM during execution

The 8085: CPU Internal Structure
The 8085: Registers
 The 8085: CPU Internal Structure

Registers
▪ Six general purpose 8-bit registers: B, C, D, E, H, L

▪ They can also be combined as register pairs to

perform 16-bit operations: BC, DE, HL

▪ Registers are programmable (data load, move, etc.)

Accumulator
▪ Single 8-bit register that is part of the ALU !

▪ Used for arithmetic / logic operations – the result is always

stored in the accumulator
 The 8085: CPU Internal Structure

Flag Bits

▪ Indicate the result of condition tests.

▪ Carry, Zero, Sign, Parity, etc.

▪ Conditional operations (IF / THEN) are executed based on the

condition of these flag bits.
Program Counter (PC)

▪ Contains the memory address (16 bits) of the instruction that will
be executed in the next step
 SUMMARY

• To summarize, we have studied

• The basic building blocks of a microprocessor.
• The internal architecture of 8085 and its functional diagram.
• The bus structure of 8085 and its register organization.
University Questions.

• Draw and explain the functional block diagram of 8085 with each unit.
• Explain the register organization of 8085. Also draw and explain the flag
register in detail.
 Home Assignment

• Explain the bus structure of 8085 with reference to the three buses of
8085.
Thank You