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Integration by Parts

The document explains the method of integration by parts, which is used for integrating composite functions that cannot be simplified through substitution. It provides several examples demonstrating how to choose u and dv, and applies the integration by parts formula to solve various integrals. The document emphasizes the importance of practice in selecting u and dv effectively.

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vonlewis1989
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9 views2 pages

Integration by Parts

The document explains the method of integration by parts, which is used for integrating composite functions that cannot be simplified through substitution. It provides several examples demonstrating how to choose u and dv, and applies the integration by parts formula to solve various integrals. The document emphasizes the importance of practice in selecting u and dv effectively.

Uploaded by

vonlewis1989
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTEGRATION BY PARTS 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥 𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥

FORMULA:
Using the formula

Integration by parts is used when integrating 𝑑𝑥


composite functions that can’t be eliminated using u ∫ ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ln 𝑥 . 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑥 .
substitution. It is the opposite of the chain rule 𝑥
derivation in differential calculus.
= 𝐥𝐧 𝒙. 𝒙 − 𝒙 + 𝒄 𝒐𝒓 𝒙𝒍𝒏 𝒙 − 𝒙 + 𝒄

EXAMPLE 1

EXAMPLE 3
∫ 𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝒅𝒙

∫ arcsin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
In this equation, first we’ll need to choose u and dv.
There are no set of rules in choosing u and dv.
Experience and practice will give us skill to be able Choose u and dv
to choose correctly. It is important however to
choose dv so that ∫ 𝑑𝑣 can be evaluated. Let
𝑑𝑥
𝑢 = arcsin 𝑥 𝑑𝑢 =
Let √1 − 𝑥 2
𝑢=𝑥 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥 𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑑𝑣 = cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑣 = ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sin 𝑥

Using the formula Using the formula

𝑑𝑥
∫ arcsin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = arcsin 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑥 . √1−𝑥2
∫ 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
To evaluate ∫ 𝑥 . , we will use U-substitution
= 𝒙𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 + 𝒄 √1−𝑥 2

Let
𝑢 = 1 − 𝑥2 𝑑𝑢 = −2𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 = −
2𝑥
EXAMPLE 2
Substitute in terms of u
𝑑𝑢
∫ 𝐥𝐧 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 − 2𝑥
= arcsin 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑥 .
√𝑢
1 −
1
Choose u and dv = arcsin 𝑥 + ∫ 𝑢 2 𝑑𝑢
Let 2
1
1 𝑢2
= arcsin 𝑥 + . 1 +𝑐
𝑑𝑥 2
2
𝑢 = ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑢 =
𝑥
Prepared by : Engr. James Kent T. Familara
= 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 + √𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒄 = −𝑥 2 cos 𝑥 + 2 ∫ xcos 𝑥 . 𝑑𝑥

EXAMPLE 4
Choose u and dv
∫ 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑢=𝑥 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣 = cos 𝑥 𝑣 = ∫ cos 𝑥 = sin 𝑥
Choose u and dv

Let
Using the formula
𝑢=𝑥 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑣 = ∫ 𝑒𝑥 = 𝑒𝑥

Using the formula


= −𝑥 2 cos 𝑥 + 2((𝑥 sin 𝑥) − ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 )
= −𝒙𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒙𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 + 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 + 𝒄

∫ 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑑𝑥)

= 𝒙 𝒆 𝒙 − 𝒆𝒙 + 𝒄

ADDITIONAL EXAMPLE

∫ 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Choose u and dv

𝑢 = 𝑥2 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥dx
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑣 = ∫ sin 𝑥 = − cos 𝑥

Using the formula

∫ 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑥 2 cos 𝑥 − ∫ − cos 𝑥 . 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= −𝑥 2 cos 𝑥 + 2 ∫ xcos 𝑥 . 𝑑𝑥

We notice that the term ∫ xcos 𝑥 . 𝑑𝑥 is another


composite function that cannot be integrated using
U-substitution, so we’ll again use integration by
parts for the second time.

Prepared by : Engr. James Kent T. Familara

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