Scribd
Upload
6 views

4 - Linux Basic & Admin

This document provides a comprehensive guide to basic Linux commands for system administration, covering user management, file management, process management, and file permissions. It includes command syntax and examples for tasks such as creating and deleting files and directories, managing user permissions, and using utilities for file compression and extraction. Additionally, it explains the use of commands like grep, head, and tail for text processing.

Uploaded by

rajagopal gajula
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views

4 - Linux Basic & Admin

This document provides a comprehensive guide to basic Linux commands for system administration, covering user management, file management, process management, and file permissions. It includes command syntax and examples for tasks such as creating and deleting files and directories, managing user permissions, and using utilities for file compression and extraction. Additionally, it explains the use of commands like grep, head, and tail for text processing.

Uploaded by

rajagopal gajula
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

Linux Basic & Admin

DevOps ----- [email protected]


Linux Admin Commands
Basics:
• # -- root user
• $ -- normal user
• #whoami – gives your login name
• #who
• #date – gives date in UTC format
• #pwd – print working dir
• #cal – displays current month with highlighting on today’s date
• #cal 2017 – displays all months in 2017
• #cal may 2017 – displays 2017 may month
• #clear – for clearing console
• #hostname – to get hostname (short name)
• #hostname –f – to get fully hostname

DevOps ----- [email protected]


• #hostname -i – for displaying ip address of instance
To get Memory details:
• #free –m (RAM)
• #df (HDD)
• #df –h (human readable format)
• #df –m (file system in MB)
• #du – directory usage
Process Management
• #ps - shows all the process details
• #ps aux – lists all the process of all users
• #kill <process id> - to kill a process which is running
• #pkill <process name> - to kill a process by name
#pkill java
#pkill tomcat

DevOps ----- [email protected]


File Management:
• #touch <file name> – to create a file ex : #touch demo.txt
• #ls – to list all files and dir
• #vi demo.txt – to open a file
• Press i – for insert mode to enter data
• :wq! – write and quite (close)
• #cat <filename> - to display content of file
• #ls -i – to list inode values of all files
• #ls -r – to list all files in reverse order
• #ls -t – to list by time of modification
• #ls -s – to list by sizes
• #cat <filename> > sample – to copy data to sample
• #cp <filename> sample (cp will ask if file content is getting override) •
#cat <filename> >> sample – to append data in sample
• #cat sample – to show content in sample

DevOps ----- [email protected]

• #ls -a – to list all hidden files


• #rm <filename>
• #ls -l – for displaying long list(all info about each file)
DevOps ----- [email protected]
• #touch file{1..5} – for creating group of files at a time
To manage Directories
• #mkdir <dir name> -> creating directory
• #mkdir <dir name> <dir name> -> creating two directory at a time
• #mkdir <dir name>{1..5} –> creating five directory at a time
• #cp demo.txt <dir>/ -> to copy file from present to <dir>
• #cd <dir name> -> for changing directory
• #cd .. -> to move to parent directory
• #cd / -> to move to root directory
• #cd ~ -> to move to home directory
• #cd -> to move to home directory
• #cd - -> to move to previous working directory
• #rmdir <dir> -> to delete empty directory (if you try to delete directory which is not empty, will throw error)
• #rm –rf <dir> -> to delete empty/non-empty directory
• #rm –rf * -> to delete all sub directories
DevOps ----- [email protected]
Soft Link and Hard Link
Soft Link : “Shortcut” (different inode values)
#ln –s <filename> <slinkname>
#ls
#ls -i -> for listing different inode values Hard Link :
“replica” (maintains same inode values) #ln <file
name> <hlinkname>
#ls -is
#rm <filename>
#cat <slinkname> -> can’t access data
#cat <hlinkname> -> can access data
DevOps ----- [email protected]
File Security
• chmod
different file permissions
read(r) – 4 r & w – 4 + 2 = 6
write(w) – 2 r & x – 4 + 1 = 5
execute(x) – 1 r,w & x – 4 + 2 + 1 = 7
no permi – 0
syntax-1
#chmod [permission] <file name>
Ex:
• #chmod 421 <file name>
• #chmod 536 <file name>
• #chmod 777 <file name>
• #chmod 000 <file name>

DevOps ----- [email protected]


Syntax – 2
• #chmod [who][+/-/=][permi] <filename>
who
u – user
g – group
o – others
+ - grant permission
- - revoke permission
= - grant a specific permission & revoke all other permissions

• #chmod u+r demo.txt -- giving read permission to demo.txt • #chmod


g=r demo.txt -- granting read permission and revoking all other
permissions to demo.txt
DevOps ----- [email protected]
User and Group Management
• #sudo su –
• #sudo -i -- to switch to root user
• #cat /etc/passwd -- to list all users
• #cat /etc/group – to list all groups
• #groupadd <group name> -- to add a group
• #groupdel <group name> -- to delete a group
• #useradd <user name> -- to add a user #useradd raja
• #passwd <user name> -- to set a password #passwd raja
• #userdel <user name> -- to delete a user
• #groups <user name> ----- shows <user name> : <group name> • #groupmod –
n <new name> <old name> -- to change group name • #usermod –g <group
name> <user name> -- to modify primary group for a user • #members <group
name>
• Id <user name>
DevOps ----- [email protected]
To change ownership
#chown <username> <filename> -- to change owner
#chgrp <group name> <file name> -- to change group
#chown <username>:<groupname> <filename> -- to change owner & grp DevOps -----

[email protected]
File Compression & Extraction
File Compression methods 100MB
GunZip ----> ¼ size 25MB
BunZip ----> ⅛ size 12 MB
File data : char, numbers, alphanumeric, binary, raw, duplicate

For Compression
#tar -cf <name>.tar <name>.txt (tar)
#tar -czf <name>.tar.gz <name> (gunzip)
#tar -cjf <name>.tar.bz2 <name>

For Extraction
#tar -xf <name>.tar
#tar -xzf <name>.tar.gz
#tar -xjf <name>.tar.bz2
DevOps ----- [email protected]

HEAD
Syntax:
#head [option] <file name>
Ex:
#head <file name> ---> list first 10 lines
#head -n 5 <file name> ---> list first 5 lines
TAIL
Syntax:
#tail [option] <filename>
Ex:
#tail <file name> ----> list last 10 lines #tail -n 3 <file
name> ----> list last 3 lines #head -n 4 <file name> |
tail -n 1 ----> list 4th line #head -n 4 <file name> |
tail -n 2 ---> list 4 & 5 line
DevOps ----- [email protected]

GREP
Syntax:
#grep [option] <string> <file name> Ex:
#grep -e Hello demo.txt
#grep -e Hello -e Devops demo.txt #grep -i
Hello demo.txt -----> ignore cases #grep -l Hello
*.txt -----> list all files #grep -v Hello demo.txt
----> other lines
PASTE
Syntax:
#paste <file1> <file2>
Ex:
#paste file1 file2
#paste file1 file2 > file3
#paste -d ‘$’ file1 file2
#echo ‘<content>’ &>><file name> ----- to append content at
last
#cat <file name 1> >> <file name 2> ----> copyes data from file1 and appends data
into file2

You might also like