A Detailed Lesson Plan

Subject teacher: Ivy C. Deoquino

I. Objectives: At the end of this lesson, students will be able to…
a. Identify perfect squares,
b. Find the factors of perfect squares,
c. Factor the difference of two squares, and
d. Develop persistence in factoring differences of two squares.
II. Subject Matter:
a. Topic: Factoring Difference of Two Squares
b. Materials: Kahoot, PowerPoint presentation
c. Reference/s:
1. Grade 8 Learner’s Material page 41-42
2. http://www.chillmath.com/lessons.intermediate-algebra/factoring-difference-
of-two-square/
3. Math Curriculum Guide
III. Procedure:

Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity

Preliminary activities:
 Prayer
 Greetings
 Checking of Attendance and assignment

MOTIVATION:

Let’s recall first what is a perfect square. When can [possible answer:]
you say that a number is a perfect square?
When the factor is only itself an is multiplied
by itself to give the perfect square. Or any
number raise to two gives a perfect square
Great answer!
[students’ went to Kahoot and play)
So, before we proceed, let’s play a game first in the
Kahoot by identifying perfect square if you all really
recall the concept of perfect square.
ACTIVITY:

Direction: Bingo game is an activity to test your

factoring skills with speed and accuracy.
Instruction: on a clean sheet of paper, draw a 3 by 3
square grid and mark the center as factor. Pick 8
different factors from the table below and write them
in the grid. As your teacher reads the difference of
two square (x2-c2), you will locate its factors and
mark them x. the first one who makes the pattern X
wins.

ANALYSIS:
[Possible answers:]
What do you notice to the factors?
Factors are sum of binomial and difference of
binomial.
How about their products?
Their products are difference of binomial.
Have and the terms in their products?
All terms are raised to two.
Great observation!

What did you do in finding the products of the two

binomials?
We use the FOIL method.
What do you think is/are common on the expressions
I read earlier?
They are all perfect square and the operation is
only subtraction.
That’s true! Because, our topic for today is about the
difference of perfect squares.

ABSTRACTION:

Earlier, You select the factors of the expressions.

Right now, I will discuss to you how to do the
At some point in your study of algebra, you’ll be asked
to factor expressions by recognizing some special
patterns. The difference of two squares is one of the
most common. The good news is, this form is very easy
to identify.

Whenever you have a binomial with each term being

squared (having an exponent of 2), and they have
subtraction as the middle sign, you are guaranteed to
have the case of difference of two squares.

The diagram below should provide an intuitive

understanding of this concept.

After verifying that you have a difference of two

squares, you can now factor it out as a product of two
binomials with alternating signs in the middle, positive
and negative.

These are other ways to write the formula of the

difference of two squares using variables. Learn to
recognize them in various appearances so that you
know exactly how to handle them.

Examples of How to Factor Difference of Two

Perfect Squares:
Let’s go over some examples!

Example 1: Factoring the binomial below using the

difference of two squares method

will be like this:

square because the variable 𝑥 is being raised to the

The first term of the binomial is definitely a perfect

second power. However, the second term of the

binomial is not written as a square. So, we need to
rewrite it in such a way that 9 is expressed as some
number with a power of 2. I hope you can see that 9 =
(3)2. Clearly, we have a difference of two squares
because the sign between the two squared terms is
subtraction.

For this example, the solution is broken down in just a

few steps to highlight the procedure. Once you get
comfortable with the process, you can skip a lot of
steps. In fact, you can go straight from the difference of
two squares to its factors.

Then, you’ll have – ?

Perfect!

Example 2: Factor the binomial below.

What have you observed to our expression?

Well said! What we need is to try rewriting it in the
form that is easily recognizable. Let us identify the
terms of the expression. At first, it appears that this is not a difference
of two squares. Because the first sample has no
What is the first term of the binomial? constant beside the variable.

And the second term?

For the first term of the binomial, what term when

multiplied by itself gives 4x2? And why is that? 4x2

-49

For the second term, the number when multiplied by

itself gives 49 is? And prove it.

For the second term, the number when

multiplied by itself gives 49 is 7 because
Who will now try to show the complete solution of
factoring the difference of two squares?

(another student gives the complete solution)

Good job! It seems like you already can identify perfect

squares and identify their factors.

How about this next example?

Example 3: Factor the binomial below.

This problem is a little bit different because both terms

of the binomial contain variables. If we can show that
they are perfect squares, then we should be alright!

Who will try it and explain how it is factored?

Ok, do the honor.

I will try, ma’am.

Do you think class, that is no final answer? Applying the formula for the difference of two
squares we get,
What is the simplified expression for that?

Very good!
(answers in chorus:)
Let’s move to the next example 4:
Factor the binomial. No, ma’am!

Here’s an interesting problem. Maybe you already

16 and 81, are perfect squares. The variable 𝑦 though

recognize that the pure numbers,

doesn’t have an exponent of 2, but instead has an

exponent of 4. Does this qualify to be a square?

of a term which when multiplied by itself gives 𝑦4 You

Don’t be quick to conclude that it is not. Can you think

can do a trial and error on this. But if you apply your

previous knowledge of the Product Rule of Exponents,
it makes sense that
No.

In fact, whenever the exponent of a variable is an even

number, that expression can be expressed as a perfect
square. Why? Because all even numbers are factorable
by the number 2.
Now, we can truly rewrite this binomial as the
difference of two squares with distinct terms that are
being raised to the second power, where
Putting this together, we get – what?

Now can you do next?

Are we done already?

Well, carefully examine the binomials you factored out.
What did you miss?
break this up into two binomial factors with
alternating signs,

There’s another difference of two square.

The second parenthesis is possibly a case of

It means…what? difference of two squares as well since

and
Ok, now give the complete solution.

This means we have to apply the formula for

the difference of two squares one more time.

Great job and nice observations!

I believe, you can now do this example alone:

Notice that the binomial has only one kind of variable

which is “x”. what can you do? Please elaborate and
show your solution.

The basic strategy when you see something

similar to this is to factor out the greatest
common factor (GCF) among the variables.
 Now we can deal with the binomial inside the
parenthesis. It is actually a difference of two
squares because we can express each term of
the binomial as an expression with a power of
2.

Are you done?

Nope! The second parenthesis is still a case of

difference of two squares. We have no choice but to
factor it out one more time.

Yes, ma’am!

Scan through the binomials again to see if there is still

a case of difference of two squares. The last binomial
definitely fits the criteria.

Let’s work this out one last time and we’re done!

Very good!

Last example.
I want to throw in this type of problem because you
may encounter something similar to this in your
studies.

First, recognize that it is a binomial where the first term

is

and the second term is 4. Since both are squared terms

and being separated by subtraction, this is truly a case
of difference of two squares.

Please, try to solve it.

You may keep it in that form as your final answer. But

the best answer is to combine like terms by adding or
subtracting the constants. This also simplifies the
answer by getting rid of the inner parenthesis.

Perfect!
You have proven your readiness for the application.

APPLICATION:
Missing You

Find the missing term of the factors. Write your answer

on your answer sheet.

1. a2 – 81 = (a+_ ) (a - _ )
2. p2 – q2 = ( _+_ ) (p - q )
3. c2 – d2 = (c + d) ( _ - _ )
4. 49e2 – 81f2 = (7e+_ ) ( _ - 9f )
5. 100g2 – 121h2 = ( _+11h ) (10g - _ )

[Expected answer:]

1. a2 – 81 = (a+9 ) (a - 9 )
2. p2 – q2 = ( p + q ) (p - q )
3. c2 – d2 = (c + d) ( c - d )
4. 49e2 – 81f2 = (7e+9f ) ( 7e - 9f )
5. 100g2 – 121h2 = (10g +11h )(10g - 11h )

IV. Evaluation:
Tell whether or not the given binomial is a
 difference of two squares. If it is, give the
factors, if not, right N. Write your answer on
your answer sheet. Then answer the questions
after the items.

1. a2 – 81
2. c2 – 18
3. d2 – 25
4. 25e2 – 16
5. r2 – 9s4
6. 25e2 – 20
7. p2 – 9s9
8. p9 – 144
9. x2 – 36
10. 4y2 – 100 [Expected answer:]

1. (a + 9 ) (a - 9 )
How did you get the factors of the
2. N
difference of two squares?
3. (d + 5) (d – 5)
4. (5e + 4) (5e – 4)
5. (r – 3s2) (r – 3s2)
Were you able to use the pattern you have
6. N
constructed in our abstraction? How?
7. N
8. N
9. (x + 6)(x – 6)
10. (2y – 10) (2y + 10)
Great job!

By looking for the perfect squares, then

identifying their factor.

Yes, by automatically writing

( + )( – )
Then, filling in the factor of squares to first and
last term of quantity correspondingly.

V. Assignment: Create an expression of difference of two squares at least five items then factor it by
giving the sum and difference of two terms.