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Electromagnetism and Its Applications

Electromagnetism is the study of electric and magnetic field interactions, fundamental to modern technology. Key concepts include electric charge, Coulomb's Law, electric fields, capacitance, current, resistance, and magnetism, all of which have practical applications such as transformers, electric motors, and wireless communication. The principles of electromagnetism are essential for powering homes and enabling various technologies in everyday life.

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15 views2 pages

Electromagnetism and Its Applications

Electromagnetism is the study of electric and magnetic field interactions, fundamental to modern technology. Key concepts include electric charge, Coulomb's Law, electric fields, capacitance, current, resistance, and magnetism, all of which have practical applications such as transformers, electric motors, and wireless communication. The principles of electromagnetism are essential for powering homes and enabling various technologies in everyday life.

Uploaded by

ynwhalien
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Electromagnetism and Its Applications

Introduction Electromagnetism is the branch of physics that studies the interaction between
electric and magnetic fields. It is one of the fundamental forces of nature and plays a crucial role
in modern technology, from electrical circuits to communication systems.

1. Electric Charge and Coulomb’s Law

 Electric Charge (q): A property of particles that causes them to experience an


electromagnetic force.
 Coulomb’s Law: The force (F) between two point charges is given by:

F=kq1q2r2F = k \frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2}

where:

o kk is Coulomb’s constant (8.99×1098.99 \times 10^9 Nm²/C²)


o q1,q2q_1, q_2 are the charges
o rr is the distance between them

2. Electric Fields and Potential

 Electric Field (E): The force per unit charge at a point in space.

E=FqE = \frac{F}{q}

 Electric Potential (V): The work done per unit charge in bringing a charge from infinity
to a point.

V=kqrV = \frac{kq}{r}

3. Capacitance and Dielectrics

 Capacitors: Store electrical energy in an electric field.


o Capacitance formula: C=QVC = \frac{Q}{V}
o Energy stored: U=12CV2U = \frac{1}{2} C V^2
 Dielectrics: Materials placed between capacitor plates to increase capacitance.
4. Current, Resistance, and Circuits

 Electric Current (I): Flow of charge per unit time.


o I=QtI = \frac{Q}{t}
 Ohm’s Law: Relationship between voltage, current, and resistance.

V=IRV = IR

 Power in Circuits:
o P=IV=I2R=V2RP = IV = I^2R = \frac{V^2}{R}

5. Magnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

 Magnetic Fields (B): Created by moving charges or currents.


 Lorentz Force: The force on a charged particle moving in a magnetic field.

F=q(E+v×B)F = q (E + v \times B)

 Faraday’s Law of Induction: A changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force


(EMF).

E=−dΦdt\mathcal{E} = - \frac{d\Phi}{dt}

where Φ\Phi is the magnetic flux.

6. Applications of Electromagnetism

 Transformers and Power Transmission


 Electric Motors and Generators
 Wireless Communication and Radio Waves
 MRI Machines in Medical Imaging

Conclusion Electromagnetism is a crucial field of physics with vast real-world applications.


From powering homes to enabling wireless communication, its principles are essential to modern
life.

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