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Back Propagation Neural Network in Python

This document describes the implementation of a Back Propagation Neural Network using Python and NumPy to solve the XOR problem. It includes the definition of the sigmoid activation function, initialization of weights and biases, and the training process through forward propagation and backpropagation over 10,000 epochs. The final output displays the predicted results after training.

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G Ramyasri
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43 views2 pages

Back Propagation Neural Network in Python

This document describes the implementation of a Back Propagation Neural Network using Python and NumPy to solve the XOR problem. It includes the definition of the sigmoid activation function, initialization of weights and biases, and the training process through forward propagation and backpropagation over 10,000 epochs. The final output displays the predicted results after training.

Uploaded by

G Ramyasri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Back Propagation Neural Network

import numpy as np

# Activation function and its derivative


def sigmoid(x):
return 1 / (1 + np.exp(-x))

def sigmoid_derivative(x):
return x * (1 - x)

# Training data (XOR problem)


X = np.array([[0, 0], [0, 1], [1, 0], [1, 1]])
y = np.array([[0], [1], [1], [0]])

# Initialize weights and biases


input_layer_neurons = 2
hidden_layer_neurons = 4
output_layer_neurons = 1

np.random.seed(1)
weights_input_hidden = np.random.uniform(-1, 1,
(input_layer_neurons, hidden_layer_neurons))
weights_hidden_output = np.random.uniform(-1, 1,
(hidden_layer_neurons, output_layer_neurons))
bias_hidden = np.random.uniform(-1, 1, (1,
hidden_layer_neurons))
bias_output = np.random.uniform(-1, 1, (1,
output_layer_neurons))

# Learning rate
theta = 0.5

# Training the neural network


epochs = 10000
for epoch in range(epochs):
# Forward propagation
hidden_layer_input = np.dot(X, weights_input_hidden) +
bias_hidden
hidden_layer_output = sigmoid(hidden_layer_input)
output_layer_input = np.dot(hidden_layer_output,
weights_hidden_output) + bias_output
predicted_output = sigmoid(output_layer_input)
# Backpropagation
error = y - predicted_output
d_predicted_output = error *
sigmoid_derivative(predicted_output)
error_hidden_layer =
d_predicted_output.dot(weights_hidden_output.T)
d_hidden_layer = error_hidden_layer *
sigmoid_derivative(hidden_layer_output)
# Updating weights and biases
weights_hidden_output +=
hidden_layer_output.T.dot(d_predicted_output) * theta
weights_input_hidden += X.T.dot(d_hidden_layer) * theta
bias_output += np.sum(d_predicted_output, axis=0,
keepdims=True) * theta
bias_hidden += np.sum(d_hidden_layer, axis=0,
keepdims=True) * theta
if epoch % 1000 == 0:
loss = np.mean(np.abs(error))
print(f'Epoch {epoch}, Loss: {loss}')

# Final predictions
print('\nFinal Predictions:')
print(predicted_output)

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