import pandas as pd

import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
%matplotlib inline
import matplotlib
matplotlib.rcParams["figure.figsize"] = (20,10)

df1 = pd.read_csv(r"C:\Users\hp\Downloads\Bengaluru_House_Data.csv")
df1.head()

area_type availability location

size \
0 Super built-up Area 19-Dec Electronic City Phase II
2 BHK
1 Plot Area Ready To Move Chikka Tirupathi 4
Bedroom
2 Built-up Area Ready To Move Uttarahalli
3 BHK
3 Super built-up Area Ready To Move Lingadheeranahalli
3 BHK
4 Super built-up Area Ready To Move Kothanur
2 BHK

society total_sqft bath balcony price

0 Coomee 1056 2.0 1.0 39.07
1 Theanmp 2600 5.0 3.0 120.00
2 NaN 1440 2.0 3.0 62.00
3 Soiewre 1521 3.0 1.0 95.00
4 NaN 1200 2.0 1.0 51.00

Data Cleaning:
df1.groupby('area_type')['area_type'].agg('count')

area_type
Built-up Area 2418
Carpet Area 87
Plot Area 2025
Super built-up Area 8790
Name: area_type, dtype: int64

df2 = df1.drop(['area_type','society','balcony','availability'],axis =
'columns')
df2.head()

location size total_sqft bath price

0 Electronic City Phase II 2 BHK 1056 2.0 39.07
1 Chikka Tirupathi 4 Bedroom 2600 5.0 120.00
2 Uttarahalli 3 BHK 1440 2.0 62.00
3 Lingadheeranahalli 3 BHK 1521 3.0 95.00
4 Kothanur 2 BHK 1200 2.0 51.00
df2.isnull().sum()

location 1
size 16
total_sqft 0
bath 73
price 0
dtype: int64

df3 = df2.dropna()
df3.isnull().sum()

location 0
size 0
total_sqft 0
bath 0
price 0
dtype: int64

df3.shape

(13246, 5)

df3['bhk'] = df3['size'].apply(lambda x : int(x.split (' ')[0]))

df3.head()

C:\Users\hp\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_10596\945158270.py:1:
SettingWithCopyWarning:
A value is trying to be set on a copy of a slice from a DataFrame.
Try using .loc[row_indexer,col_indexer] = value instead

See the caveats in the documentation:

https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/indexing.html#
returning-a-view-versus-a-copy
df3['bhk'] = df3['size'].apply(lambda x : int(x.split (' ')[0]))

location size total_sqft bath price bhk

0 Electronic City Phase II 2 BHK 1056 2.0 39.07 2
1 Chikka Tirupathi 4 Bedroom 2600 5.0 120.00 4
2 Uttarahalli 3 BHK 1440 2.0 62.00 3
3 Lingadheeranahalli 3 BHK 1521 3.0 95.00 3
4 Kothanur 2 BHK 1200 2.0 51.00 2

df3['bhk'].unique()

array([ 2, 4, 3, 6, 1, 8, 7, 5, 11, 9, 27, 10, 19, 16, 43, 14,

12,
13, 18], dtype=int64)

df3[df3.bhk>20]
 location size total_sqft bath price
bhk
1718 2Electronic City Phase II 27 BHK 8000 27.0 230.0
27
4684 Munnekollal 43 Bedroom 2400 40.0 660.0
43

df3.total_sqft.unique()

array(['1056', '2600', '1440', ..., '1133 - 1384', '774', '4689'],

dtype=object)

def is_float(x):
try:
float(x)
except:
return False
return True

df3[~df3['total_sqft'].apply(is_float)].head(10)

location size total_sqft bath price bhk

30 Yelahanka 4 BHK 2100 - 2850 4.0 186.000 4
122 Hebbal 4 BHK 3067 - 8156 4.0 477.000 4
137 8th Phase JP Nagar 2 BHK 1042 - 1105 2.0 54.005 2
165 Sarjapur 2 BHK 1145 - 1340 2.0 43.490 2
188 KR Puram 2 BHK 1015 - 1540 2.0 56.800 2
410 Kengeri 1 BHK 34.46Sq. Meter 1.0 18.500 1
549 Hennur Road 2 BHK 1195 - 1440 2.0 63.770 2
648 Arekere 9 Bedroom 4125Perch 9.0 265.000 9
661 Yelahanka 2 BHK 1120 - 1145 2.0 48.130 2
672 Bettahalsoor 4 Bedroom 3090 - 5002 4.0 445.000 4

def sqft_to_num(x):
tokens = x.split('-')
if len(tokens) == 2:
return(float(tokens[0]) + float(tokens[1])) / 2
try:
return float(x)
except:
return None

sqft_to_num('1230-2342')

1786.0

df4 = df3.copy()
df4['total_sqft'] = df4['total_sqft'].apply(sqft_to_num)
df4.head()
 location size total_sqft bath price bhk
0 Electronic City Phase II 2 BHK 1056.0 2.0 39.07 2
1 Chikka Tirupathi 4 Bedroom 2600.0 5.0 120.00 4
2 Uttarahalli 3 BHK 1440.0 2.0 62.00 3
3 Lingadheeranahalli 3 BHK 1521.0 3.0 95.00 3
4 Kothanur 2 BHK 1200.0 2.0 51.00 2

df4.loc[30]

location Yelahanka
size 4 BHK
total_sqft 2475.0
bath 4.0
price 186.0
bhk 4
Name: 30, dtype: object

df4.head(3)

location size total_sqft bath price bhk

0 Electronic City Phase II 2 BHK 1056.0 2.0 39.07 2
1 Chikka Tirupathi 4 Bedroom 2600.0 5.0 120.00 4
2 Uttarahalli 3 BHK 1440.0 2.0 62.00 3

df5 = df4.copy()
df5['price_per_sqft'] = df5['price']*100000/df5['total_sqft']
df5.head()

location size total_sqft bath price bhk

\
0 Electronic City Phase II 2 BHK 1056.0 2.0 39.07 2

1 Chikka Tirupathi 4 Bedroom 2600.0 5.0 120.00 4

2 Uttarahalli 3 BHK 1440.0 2.0 62.00 3

3 Lingadheeranahalli 3 BHK 1521.0 3.0 95.00 3

4 Kothanur 2 BHK 1200.0 2.0 51.00 2

price_per_sqft
0 3699.810606
1 4615.384615
2 4305.555556
3 6245.890861
4 4250.000000

len(df5.location.unique())

1304
df5.location = df5.location.apply(lambda x : x.strip())

location_stats = df5.groupby('location')
['location'].agg('count').sort_values(ascending = False)

location_stats

location
Whitefield 535
Sarjapur Road 392
Electronic City 304
Kanakpura Road 266
Thanisandra 236
...
1 Giri Nagar 1
Kanakapura Road, 1
Kanakapura main Road 1
Karnataka Shabarimala 1
whitefiled 1
Name: location, Length: 1293, dtype: int64

len(location_stats[location_stats<=10])

1052

location_stats_less_than_10 = location_stats[location_stats<=10]
location_stats_less_than_10

location
Basapura 10
1st Block Koramangala 10
Gunjur Palya 10
Kalkere 10
Sector 1 HSR Layout 10
..
1 Giri Nagar 1
Kanakapura Road, 1
Kanakapura main Road 1
Karnataka Shabarimala 1
whitefiled 1
Name: location, Length: 1052, dtype: int64

len(df5.location.unique())

1293

df5.location = df5.location.apply(lambda x : 'other' if x in

location_stats_less_than_10 else x)
len(df5.location.unique())

242
df5.head(10)

location size total_sqft bath price bhk

\
0 Electronic City Phase II 2 BHK 1056.0 2.0 39.07 2

1 Chikka Tirupathi 4 Bedroom 2600.0 5.0 120.00 4

2 Uttarahalli 3 BHK 1440.0 2.0 62.00 3

3 Lingadheeranahalli 3 BHK 1521.0 3.0 95.00 3

4 Kothanur 2 BHK 1200.0 2.0 51.00 2

5 Whitefield 2 BHK 1170.0 2.0 38.00 2

6 Old Airport Road 4 BHK 2732.0 4.0 204.00 4

7 Rajaji Nagar 4 BHK 3300.0 4.0 600.00 4

8 Marathahalli 3 BHK 1310.0 3.0 63.25 3

9 other 6 Bedroom 1020.0 6.0 370.00 6

price_per_sqft
0 3699.810606
1 4615.384615
2 4305.555556
3 6245.890861
4 4250.000000
5 3247.863248
6 7467.057101
7 18181.818182
8 4828.244275
9 36274.509804

Outlier Removal :
df5[df5.total_sqft / df5.bhk<300].head()

location size total_sqft bath price bhk \

9 other 6 Bedroom 1020.0 6.0 370.0 6
45 HSR Layout 8 Bedroom 600.0 9.0 200.0 8
58 Murugeshpalya 6 Bedroom 1407.0 4.0 150.0 6
68 Devarachikkanahalli 8 Bedroom 1350.0 7.0 85.0 8
70 other 3 Bedroom 500.0 3.0 100.0 3

price_per_sqft
9 36274.509804
45 33333.333333
58 10660.980810
68 6296.296296
70 20000.000000

df5.shape

(13246, 7)

df6 = df5[~(df5.total_sqft / df5.bhk<300)]

df6.shape

(12502, 7)

df6.price_per_sqft.describe()

count 12456.000000
mean 6308.502826
std 4168.127339
min 267.829813
25% 4210.526316
50% 5294.117647
75% 6916.666667
max 176470.588235
Name: price_per_sqft, dtype: float64

def remove_pps_outliers(df):
df_out = pd.DataFrame()
for key, subdf in df.groupby('location'):
m = np.mean(subdf.price_per_sqft)
st = np.std(subdf.price_per_sqft)
reduced_df = subdf[(subdf.price_per_sqft > (m-st)) &
(subdf.price_per_sqft <= (m+st))]
df_out = pd.concat([df_out, reduced_df], ignore_index = True)
return df_out

df7 = remove_pps_outliers(df6)
df7.shape

(10241, 7)

def plot_scatter_chart(df,location):
bhk2 = df[(df.location==location) & (df.bhk==2)]
bhk3 = df[(df.location==location) & (df.bhk==3)]
matplotlib.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = (15,10)
plt.scatter(bhk2.total_sqft, bhk2.price, color = 'blue', label =
'2 BHK', s = 50)
plt.scatter(bhk3.total_sqft, bhk3.price, marker = '+', color =
'green', label = '3 BHK', s = 50)
plt.xlabel("Total Square Feet Area")
plt.ylabel("Price")
plt.title(location)
 plt.legend()

plot_scatter_chart(df7,"Hebbal")

# We should also remove properties where for same location, the price
of (for example) 3 bedroom apartment is less than
# 2 bedroom apartment (with same sqft area). What we will do for given
location, we will build a dictionary of stats per bhk,i.e.

def remove_bhk_outliers(df):
exclude_indices = np.array([])
for location, location_df in df.groupby('location'):
bhk_stats = {}
for bhk, bhk_df in location_df.groupby('bhk'):
bhk_stats[bhk] = {
'mean' : np.mean(bhk_df.price_per_sqft),
'std' : np.std(bhk_df.price_per_sqft),
'count' : bhk_df.shape[0]
}
for bhk, bhk_df in location_df.groupby('bhk'):
stats = bhk_stats.get(bhk-1)
if stats and stats['count']>5:
exclude_indices = np.append(exclude_indices,
bhk_df[bhk_df.price_per_sqft<(stats['mean'])].index.values)
return df.drop(exclude_indices, axis = 'index')

df8 = remove_bhk_outliers(df7)7
df8.shape

(7329, 7)

plot_scatter_chart(df8,"Hebbal")

matplotlib.rcParams["figure.figsize"] = (20,10)
plt.hist(df8.price_per_sqft,rwidth=0.8)
plt.xlabel("Price Per Square Feet")
plt.ylabel("Count")

Text(0, 0.5, 'Count')

df8.bath.unique()

array([ 4., 3., 2., 5., 8., 1., 6., 7., 9., 12., 16., 13.])

df8[df8.bath>10]

location size total_sqft bath price bhk

price_per_sqft
5277 Neeladri Nagar 10 BHK 4000.0 12.0 160.0 10
4000.000000
8486 other 10 BHK 12000.0 12.0 525.0 10
4375.000000
8575 other 16 BHK 10000.0 16.0 550.0 16
5500.000000
9308 other 11 BHK 6000.0 12.0 150.0 11
2500.000000
9639 other 13 BHK 5425.0 13.0 275.0 13
5069.124424

plt.hist(df8.bath,rwidth=0.8)
plt.xlabel("Number of Bathrooms")
plt.ylabel("Counts")

Text(0, 0.5, 'Counts')

df8[df8.bath>df8.bhk+2]

location size total_sqft bath price bhk

price_per_sqft
1626 Chikkabanavar 4 Bedroom 2460.0 7.0 80.0 4
3252.032520
5238 Nagasandra 4 Bedroom 7000.0 8.0 450.0 4
6428.571429
6711 Thanisandra 3 BHK 1806.0 6.0 116.0 3
6423.034330
8411 other 6 BHK 11338.0 9.0 1000.0 6
8819.897689

df9 = df8[df8.bath<df8.bhk+2]
df9.shape

(7251, 7)

df10 = df9.drop(['size','price_per_sqft'],axis = 'columns')

df10

location total_sqft bath price bhk

0 1st Block Jayanagar 2850.0 4.0 428.0 4
1 1st Block Jayanagar 1630.0 3.0 194.0 3
2 1st Block Jayanagar 1875.0 2.0 235.0 3
3 1st Block Jayanagar 1200.0 2.0 130.0 3
4 1st Block Jayanagar 1235.0 2.0 148.0 2
... ... ... ... ... ...
10232 other 1200.0 2.0 70.0 2
10233 other 1800.0 1.0 200.0 1
10236 other 1353.0 2.0 110.0 2
10237 other 812.0 1.0 26.0 1
10240 other 3600.0 5.0 400.0 4

[7251 rows x 5 columns]

dummies = pd.get_dummies(df10.location).astype(int)
dummies

1st Block Jayanagar 1st Phase JP Nagar 2nd Phase Judicial

Layout \
0 1 0
0
1 1 0
0
2 1 0
0
3 1 0
0
4 1 0
0
... ... ...
...
10232 0 0
0
10233 0 0
0
10236 0 0
0
10237 0 0
0
10240 0 0
0

2nd Stage Nagarbhavi 5th Block Hbr Layout 5th Phase JP Nagar
\
0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0

2 0 0 0

3 0 0 0

4 0 0 0

... ... ... ...

10232 0 0 0

10233 0 0 0
10236 0 0 0

10237 0 0 0

10240 0 0 0

6th Phase JP Nagar 7th Phase JP Nagar 8th Phase JP Nagar \

0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
4 0 0 0
... ... ... ...
10232 0 0 0
10233 0 0 0
10236 0 0 0
10237 0 0 0
10240 0 0 0

9th Phase JP Nagar ... Vishveshwarya Layout Vishwapriya

Layout \
0 0 ... 0
0
1 0 ... 0
0
2 0 ... 0
0
3 0 ... 0
0
4 0 ... 0
0
... ... ... ... .
..
10232 0 ... 0
0
10233 0 ... 0
0
10236 0 ... 0
0
10237 0 ... 0
0
10240 0 ... 0
0

Vittasandra Whitefield Yelachenahalli Yelahanka Yelahanka

New Town \
0 0 0 0 0
0
1 0 0 0 0
0
2 0 0 0 0
0
3 0 0 0 0
0
4 0 0 0 0
0
... ... ... ... ...
...
10232 0 0 0 0
0
10233 0 0 0 0
0
10236 0 0 0 0
0
10237 0 0 0 0
0
10240 0 0 0 0
0

Yelenahalli Yeshwanthpur other

0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
4 0 0 0
... ... ... ...
10232 0 0 1
10233 0 0 1
10236 0 0 1
10237 0 0 1
10240 0 0 1

[7251 rows x 242 columns]

df11 = pd.concat([df10,dummies.drop('other',axis='columns')], axis =

'columns')
df11.head(3)

location total_sqft bath price bhk 1st Block

Jayanagar \
0 1st Block Jayanagar 2850.0 4.0 428.0 4
1
1 1st Block Jayanagar 1630.0 3.0 194.0 3
1
2 1st Block Jayanagar 1875.0 2.0 235.0 3
1

1st Phase JP Nagar 2nd Phase Judicial Layout 2nd Stage Nagarbhavi
\
0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0

2 0 0 0

5th Block Hbr Layout ... Vijayanagar Vishveshwarya Layout \

0 0 ... 0 0
1 0 ... 0 0
2 0 ... 0 0

Vishwapriya Layout Vittasandra Whitefield Yelachenahalli

Yelahanka \
0 0 0 0 0
0
1 0 0 0 0
0
2 0 0 0 0
0

Yelahanka New Town Yelenahalli Yeshwanthpur

0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
2 0 0 0

[3 rows x 246 columns]

df12 = df11.drop(['location'],axis='columns')
df12.head(2)

total_sqft bath price bhk 1st Block Jayanagar 1st Phase JP

Nagar \
0 2850.0 4.0 428.0 4 1
0
1 1630.0 3.0 194.0 3 1
0

2nd Phase Judicial Layout 2nd Stage Nagarbhavi 5th Block Hbr
Layout \
0 0 0
0
1 0 0
0

5th Phase JP Nagar ... Vijayanagar Vishveshwarya Layout \

0 0 ... 0 0
1 0 ... 0 0

Vishwapriya Layout Vittasandra Whitefield Yelachenahalli

Yelahanka \
0 0 0 0 0
0
1 0 0 0 0
0

Yelahanka New Town Yelenahalli Yeshwanthpur

0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0

[2 rows x 245 columns]

X = df12.drop('price',axis='columns') # X => independent

variables.
X.head()

total_sqft bath bhk 1st Block Jayanagar 1st Phase JP Nagar \

0 2850.0 4.0 4 1 0
1 1630.0 3.0 3 1 0
2 1875.0 2.0 3 1 0
3 1200.0 2.0 3 1 0
4 1235.0 2.0 2 1 0

2nd Phase Judicial Layout 2nd Stage Nagarbhavi 5th Block Hbr
Layout \
0 0 0
0
1 0 0
0
2 0 0
0
3 0 0
0
4 0 0
0

5th Phase JP Nagar 6th Phase JP Nagar ... Vijayanagar \

0 0 0 ... 0
1 0 0 ... 0
2 0 0 ... 0
3 0 0 ... 0
4 0 0 ... 0

Vishveshwarya Layout Vishwapriya Layout Vittasandra

Whitefield \
0 0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0

2 0 0 0 0
3 0 0 0 0

4 0 0 0 0

Yelachenahalli Yelahanka Yelahanka New Town Yelenahalli

Yeshwanthpur
0 0 0 0 0
0
1 0 0 0 0
0
2 0 0 0 0
0
3 0 0 0 0
0
4 0 0 0 0
0

[5 rows x 244 columns]

y = df12.price # y => dependent variable

y.head()

0 428.0
1 194.0
2 235.0
3 130.0
4 148.0
Name: price, dtype: float64

from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split

X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test =
train_test_split(X,y,test_size=0.2,random_state=10)

from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression

lr_clf = LinearRegression()
lr_clf.fit(X_train,y_train)
lr_clf.score(X_test,y_test)

0.8452277697874324

from sklearn.model_selection import ShuffleSplit

from sklearn.model_selection import cross_val_score

cv = ShuffleSplit(n_splits=5, test_size=0.2, random_state=0)

cross_val_score(LinearRegression(), X, y, cv=cv)

array([0.82430186, 0.77166234, 0.85089567, 0.80837764, 0.83653286])

from sklearn.linear_model import Lasso, LinearRegression

from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeRegressor
from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV, ShuffleSplit
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
import pandas as pd

def find_best_model_using_gridsearchcv(X, y):

algos = {
'linear_regression': {
'model': LinearRegression(),
'params': {
# Removed 'normalize' parameter
'fit_intercept': [True, False]
}
},
'lasso': {
'model': Lasso(),
'params': {
'alpha': [1, 2],
'selection': ['random', 'cyclic']
}
},
'decision_tree': {
'model': DecisionTreeRegressor(),
'params': {
'criterion': ['mse', 'friedman_mse'],
'splitter': ['best', 'random']
}
}
}

scores = []
cv = ShuffleSplit(n_splits=5, test_size=0.2, random_state=0)

for algo_name, config in algos.items():

gs = GridSearchCV(config['model'], config['params'], cv=cv,
return_train_score=False)
gs.fit(X, y)
scores.append({
'model': algo_name,
'best_score': gs.best_score_,
'best_params': gs.best_params_
})

return pd.DataFrame(scores, columns=['model', 'best_score',

'best_params'])

# Example usage: assuming X and y are defined

find_best_model_using_gridsearchcv(X, y)

C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\
_validation.py:378: FitFailedWarning:
10 fits failed out of a total of 20.
The score on these train-test partitions for these parameters will be
set to nan.
If these failures are not expected, you can try to debug them by
setting error_score='raise'.

Below are more details about the failures:

----------------------------------------------------------------------
----------
10 fits failed with the following error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\sklearn\
model_selection\_validation.py", line 686, in _fit_and_score
estimator.fit(X_train, y_train, **fit_params)
File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\sklearn\tree\
_classes.py", line 1247, in fit
super().fit(
File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\sklearn\tree\
_classes.py", line 177, in fit
self._validate_params()
File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\sklearn\base.py",
line 600, in _validate_params
validate_parameter_constraints(
File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\sklearn\utils\
_param_validation.py", line 97, in validate_parameter_constraints
raise InvalidParameterError(
sklearn.utils._param_validation.InvalidParameterError: The 'criterion'
parameter of DecisionTreeRegressor must be a str among {'poisson',
'squared_error', 'absolute_error', 'friedman_mse'}. Got 'mse' instead.

warnings.warn(some_fits_failed_message, FitFailedWarning)
C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\
_search.py:952: UserWarning: One or more of the test scores are non-
finite: [ nan nan 0.70935255 0.68931782]
warnings.warn(

model best_score \
0 linear_regression 0.819001
1 lasso 0.687436
2 decision_tree 0.709353

best_params
0 {'fit_intercept': False}
1 {'alpha': 2, 'selection': 'random'}
2 {'criterion': 'friedman_mse', 'splitter': 'best'}

def predict_price(location,sqft,bath,bhk):
loc_index = np.where(X.columns==location)[0][0]
x = np.zeros(len(X.columns))
x[0] = sqft
x[1] = bath
 x[2] = bhk
if loc_index > 0:
x[loc_index] = 1

return lr_clf.predict([x])[0]

X.columns

Index(['total_sqft', 'bath', 'bhk', '1st Block Jayanagar',

'1st Phase JP Nagar', '2nd Phase Judicial Layout',
'2nd Stage Nagarbhavi', '5th Block Hbr Layout', '5th Phase JP
Nagar',
'6th Phase JP Nagar',
...
'Vijayanagar', 'Vishveshwarya Layout', 'Vishwapriya Layout',
'Vittasandra', 'Whitefield', 'Yelachenahalli', 'Yelahanka',
'Yelahanka New Town', 'Yelenahalli', 'Yeshwanthpur'],
dtype='object', length=244)

predict_price('1st Phase JP Nagar',1000,2,2)

C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\sklearn\base.py:439:
UserWarning: X does not have valid feature names, but LinearRegression
was fitted with feature names
warnings.warn(

83.49904677185246

predict_price('Indira Nagar',1000,2,2)

C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\sklearn\base.py:439:
UserWarning: X does not have valid feature names, but LinearRegression
was fitted with feature names
warnings.warn(

181.2781548400676

import pickle
with open('bangalore_home_prices_model.pickle','wb') as f:
pickle.dump(lr_clf,f)

import json
columns = {
'data_columns' : [col.lower() for col in X.columns]
}
with open("columns.json","w") as f:
f.write(json.dumps(columns))