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Fourth Edition
RONALD W. LARSEN
Montana State University
All Microsoft screenshots reprinted with permission from Microsoft. All rights reserved.
Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate
page within text.
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New
Jersey 07458. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and
permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in
any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this
work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New
Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290.
Many of the designations by manufacturers and seller to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations
appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps.
Larsen, Ronald W.
Engineering with Excel / Ronald W. Larsen. — 4th ed.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 0-13-278865-9
1. Engineering--Data processing. 2. Microsoft Excel (Computer file) I. Title.
TA345.L37 2013
620.00285'554—dc23
2011044249
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
1 • INTRODUCTION TO EXCEL 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 What’s New in Excel 2010? 4
1.3 A Little Windows® 6
1.4 Excel Basics 16
1.5 Organizing Your Worksheets 35
1.6 Printing the Worksheet 36
1.7 Saving and Opening Workbooks, Exiting Excel 41
iii
iv Contents
INDEX 697
About This Book
The Engineering with Excel text has been updated to reflect the latest versions of
Excel and Windows (Excel 2010 operating in Windows 7). Changes from Excel
2007 to Excel 2010 can be described as refinement rather than major changes, but
certain changes, such as the elimination of the Office button, have changed the way
you use the program and the text has been updated to reflect the new approach. In
general, the changes in Excel 2010 streamline the user interface. With the fourth
edition of Engineering with Excel:
• All screen captures have been updated for Excel 2010.
• Menu operations have been updated to reflect Ribbon changes in Excel 2010 (but
commands for previous versions are also listed for those using older versions).
• New methods for accessing chart formatting dialogs are described.
• The Paste menus in Excel 2010 show icons rather than text. The use of these
menus is described in the text.
• The (iterative) Solver has been significantly upgraded with a new dialog. The
use of the new Solver is covered in the text.
• There is a new Print dialog that combines features previously available on using
Print and Print Preview. This is a significant enhancement that Excel users will
appreciate.
vii
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CHAPTER
1 Introduction
to Excel
Objectives
After reading this chapter, you • Some options for organiz-
will know ing your worksheets
• What an Excel worksheet is • How to print your work-
• How to start using Excel sheets
• How the Excel screen is • How to save and reopen
laid out Excel files
• The fundamentals of using
Excel
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Spreadsheets were originally paper grids used by accountants and business people to track
incomes and expenditures. When electronic spreadsheets first became available on per-
sonal computers, engineers immediately found uses for them. They discovered that
many engineering tasks can be solved quickly and easily within the framework of a
spreadsheet. Figure 1.1 shows how a spreadsheet can be used to calculate fuel efficiency.
Figure 1.1
Calculating fuel efficiency
using a spreadsheet.
2 Chapter 1 Introduction to Excel
Powerful modern spreadsheet programs like Microsoft Excel®1 allow very com-
plex problems to be solved right on an engineer’s desktop. This text focuses on
using Microsoft Excel, currently the most popular spreadsheet program in the
world, to perform common engineering problems.
Excel is now much more than just an electronic implementation of a spread-
sheet, and this is reflected in a change of nomenclature; what used to be called a
spreadsheet is now more commonly referred to as a worksheet, and a collection of
worksheets is called a workbook.
1.1.1 Nomenclature
Some conventions are used throughout this text to highlight the types of information:
• Key terms, such as the term “active cell” in the example below, are shown in ital-
ics the first time they are used.
Press [F2] to edit the active cell.
• Variables, formulas, and functions are shown in Courier font.
=B3*C4
• Individual keystrokes are enclosed in brackets.
Press the [Enter] key.
• Key combinations are enclosed in brackets.
Press [Ctrl-c] to copy the contents of the cell.
• Buttons that are clicked with the mouse are shown in a bold font.
Click OK to exit the dialog.
• Ribbon selections are indicated by listing the Tab, group, and button (or text
box) separated by slashes. A boldface font is used for Ribbon selections to help
them stand out in the text.
Use Home/Font/Underline to underline the selected text.
• Menu options for prior versions of Excel are indicated by listing the menu
name and submenu options separated by slashes.
[Excel 2003: File/Open]
• Excel built-in function names are shown as follows:
1
Excel is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation, Inc.
1.1 Introduction 3
• Sample Problems: These problems are slightly more involved and typically
involve multiple steps. They are designed to illustrate how to apply specific
Excel functions or capabilities to engineering problems.
• Application Problems: These are larger problems, more closely resembling the
type of problem engineering students will see as homework problems.
The scope of the text attempts to include all engineering disciplines at the
undergraduate level, with emphasis, especially in the first two-thirds of the text, on
topics appropriate to freshman engineering students. There has been an attempt to
cover a broad range of subjects in the examples and application problems and to
stay away from problems that require significant discipline-specific knowledge.
calculating rates of return on investments (and engineers can find those useful),
but there is no built-in function that calculates torque.
Spreadsheets are easy to use and can handle a wide range of problems. Many, if
not most, of the problems for which engineers used to write computer programs
are now solved by using electronic spreadsheets or other programs on their per-
sonal computers. A supercomputer might be able to “crunch the numbers” faster,
but when the “crunch” time is tiny compared with the time required to write the
program and create a report based on its results, the spreadsheet’s ease of use and
ability to print results in finished form (or easily move results to a word processor)
can make the total time required to solve a problem by using a spreadsheet much
shorter than that with conventional programing methods.
Spreadsheets are great for
• performing the same calculations repeatedly (e.g., analyzing data from multi-
ple experimental runs),
• working with tabular information (e.g., finding enthalpies in a steam table—
once you’ve entered the steam table into the spreadsheet),
• producing graphs—spreadsheets provide an easy way to get a plot of your data,
• performing parametric analyses, or “what if” studies—for example, “What
would happen if the flow rate were doubled?”, and
• presenting results in readable form.
There was a time when spreadsheets were not the best way to handle computa-
tionally intense calculations such as iterative solutions to complex problems, but
dramatic improvements in the computational speed of personal computers has
eliminated a large part of this shortcoming, and improvements in the solution
methods used by Excel have also helped. Excel can now handle many very large
problems that just a few years ago would not have been considered suitable for
implementation on a spreadsheet.
But there are still a couple of things that spreadsheets do not do well. Programs
such as Mathematica®2 and Maple®3 are designed to handle symbolic manipulation
of mathematical equations; Excel is not. Electronic spreadsheets also display only the
results of calculations (just as their paper ancestors did), rather than the equations
used to calculate the results. You must take special care when developing spread-
sheets to indicate how the solution was found. Other computational software pro-
grams, such as Mathcad,4 more directly show the solution process as well as the result.
2
Wolfram Research, Inc., Champaign, IL, USA.
3
Waterloo Maple Inc., Ontario, Canada.
4
Mathsodt Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA.
1.2 What’s New in Excel 2010 5
• Accessing Format dialog for chart elements (e.g., changing the appearance of
an axis on a graph) has been streamlined; you can now open a Format dialog by
double-clicking on a chart element. (This is possible in Excel 2003 and Excel
2010, but did not work in Excel 2007.)
• Pivot tables have been improved.
• There are now more conditional formatting options.
• Statistical functions are more accurate.
• The Solver (iterative solver) has been updated with a new interface and a new
solution algorithm.
• A 64-bit version of Excel is available that allows even bigger Excel workbooks to
be created (requires a 64-bit operating system).
Many of these new features will be mentioned later in the text.
Figure 1.2
Start Excel using menu
options: Start/All
Programs/Microsoft
Office/Microsoft Excel
2010.
6 Chapter 1 Introduction to Excel
Figure 1.3
The Excel screen at start-up.
Figure 1.4
The Excel screen with two workbooks displayed.
Notice that the workbook names (Book1 and Book2 in Figure 1.4) are displayed
at the top of the individual workbook rather than at the top of the Excel window as
when the workbooks are not maximized.
There is a lot of command and control information at the top of an Excel
window. Prominent features of Excel are indicated in Figure 1.5.
The top line of the Excel window contains the title bar (labeled 1 in Figure 1.5),
the window control buttons (2), the Microsoft Excel Icon (3), the Quick Access tool-
bar (4), and the Ribbon (5). Each of these items is described in more detail below.
Figure 1.5
Command and control features of the Excel window.
8 Chapter 1 Introduction to Excel
Figure 1.6
Customizing the Quick Access Toolbar.
Figure 1.7
The Quick Access Toolbar panel on the Excel Options dialog is used to customize the Quick Access Toolbar.
10 Chapter 1 Introduction to Excel
The right panel (see Figure 1.7) lists the buttons currently included on the
Quick Access Toolbar. To add a new button, highlight the desired feature on the
left panel then click the Add 77 button located between the two panels.
To remove a button from the Quick Access Toolbar, select the item in the right
panel and click the 66Remove button. Alternatively, you can right-click any button
on the Quick Access Toolbar and select Remove from Quick Access Toolbar from
the pop-up menu.
Figure 1.8
The Ribbon, showing the contents of the Home tab.
Figure 1.9
The Ribbon showing Chart Tools tabs appropriate for modifying a graph.
1.3 A Little Windows® 11
Design, Layout, and Format tabs appear on the Ribbon to allow you to customize
the graph. The title Chart Tools appears on the title bar to let you know that these
tabs are used to modify the appearance of the graph. If you click outside of the
graph (somewhere on the worksheet grid), the Chart Tools tabs will disappear and
the standard Ribbon will be displayed. To gain access to the Chart Tools tabs, simply
click on the graph to select it.
Note: In Excel 2010, there is a Minimize Ribbon Toggle button just to the left
of the Help button (i.e., to the left of the question mark).
Figure 1.10
The Name box and Formula bar.
The Formula bar is displayed by default, but it can be turned off using the View
tab on the Ribbon (Figure 1.11.) There is a Formula Bar checkbox on the View tab
to activate or deactivate the display of the Formula bar (and Name box).
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yksityiskohtaisempi luomistyö. Hänen hengityksensä muodostui
tuuleksi, äänensä ukkoseksi; vasen silmä auringoksi, oikea kuuksi;
hänen verensä muuttui virroiksi, tukkansa kasvoi heininä ja puina,
hänen lihastaan tuli multamaata ja hänen hikensä valui alas sateena.
Ihmissuku syntyi hänen ruumiissaan olleista eläinloisista.
Kukin näistä eli 18.000 vuotta, samoin kuin tuo heidän kuuluisa
edeltäjänsä P'an Ku. Nämä saattavat maailman muodostelemisen
päätökseen. Ti:n asemasta käytetään myös samansisältöistä sanaa
Huang.
II. Taruaika.
III. Ihanneaika.
B. VANHA AIKA.
I. Esihistoriallinen aika.
a) Hsia-dynastia.
b) Šang-dynastia.
Džou-dynastia.
Ts'in ja Han-dynastiain aika, noin 200 e.Kr. 200 j.Kr.; 400 vuotta.
a) Ts'in-dynastia.
206 e.Kr. — 221 j.Kr.; 427 vuotta; 26 hallitsijaa. Kao Tsu, 206-194,
'loistava alku', varsinainen nimi Liu Pang, Han-nimisen valtion
ruhtinas Jangtse-virran haarajoen (Han) latvoilla, Šen Si-maakunnan
etelä-osasta; Hankou:n kaupunki Kiinan keskellä on tämän joen
suussa; siitä sen nimi Han K'ou, 'Han-virran suu'. Pääkaupungikseen
Kao Tsu (Tsou) otti Ensimmäisen Keisarin rakentaman Si An Fu:n
('läntinen rauhan kaupunki'), jonka nimi oli nyt Dang An
('pitkäaikainen rauha'), myöskin Uei Nan ja Nui Szï. Nyt alkaa Kiinan
varsinainen nousuaika. Ensi tehtäväkseen Kao Tsu käsittää
klassillisen kirjallisuuden jätteiden kokoamisen. Hän toimittaa
ensimmäisenä Kiinan keisarina uhrin Kungfutsen haudalla Si An
Fu:sta kaukana olevassa Šan Tung:issa. — Tohtori Hermannin
mukaan alkaa nyt rautakausi Kiinassa.
C. KESKIAIKA.
a) 'Kolme Valtakuntaa'.
b) Džin-dynastia.
c) Nan Pē-dynastiat.
b) Tang-dynastia.
b) Sung-dynastia.
c) Yen_-dynastia_.
D. UUDEMPI AIKA.
Ming-dynastia.
Ts'ing-dynastia.
E. UUSI AIKA.
2.
3.
LÄHDEVIITTAUKSIA JA LISÄYKSIÄ.
Kungfutsen suku.
Kungfutselainen kouluopetus.
Kungfutselainen siveysoppi.
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