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 Brief History
Ifugao was formerly known as a part of the old Mountain Province. It was created as an
independent province on June 18, 1966 by virtue of Republic Act No. 4695, otherwise known
as the Division Law of Mountain Province. Under this Law, Mountain Province was divided
into four provinces namely: Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga Apayao, and Mountain Province. The
word "Ifugao" means hill. The Spaniards changed 'pugo' to 'pugaw' and was finally changed
by the Americans to "Ifugao". The province of Ifugao is a land-locked area located at the
foot of the Cordillera mountain ranges. It is bounded by the high peaked mountain of
Benguet in the western side, Nueva Vizcaya on the southern side, Isabela on the eastern
side, and on the north by the protruding strip of the territory of Mountain Province. It is
generally located at 120 degrees 40'17" longitude.
Ifugao, officially the Province of Ifugao is a
landlocked province of the Philippines in
the Cordillera Administrative Region in
Luzon. Its capital is Lagawe and it borders
Benguet to the west, Mountain Province to
the north, Isabela to the east, and Nueva
Vizcaya to the south.

Ifugao covers a total area of 2,628.21 square

kilometres (1,014.76 sq mi) occupying the
southeastern section of the Cordillera
Administrative Region in Luzon.

The province features rugged terrain, steep

slopes, and river valleys, with an average
elevation of approximately 816 meters.
Elevations range from a minimum of 54
meters to a maximum of 2,904 meters. The
landscape includes low-lying hills and
limited alluvial plains near the Magat River,
contributing to its complex geological
features. The iconic rice terraces, carved
into the mountains, are a significant aspect
of its topography and cultural heritage. The
climate includes a rainy season from July to
January
 The Ifugao people are the ethnic group inhabiting Ifugao province in the Philippines. They
reside in the municipalities of Lagawe (capital of Ifugao), Aguinaldo, Alfonso Lista, Asipulo,
Banaue, Hingyon, Hungduan, Kiangan, Lamut, Mayoyao, and Tinoc. The Ifugao people are
an indigenous group residing primarily in Ifugao Province, Philippines, known for their rich
cultural heritage and agricultural practices. As of the 2020 Census, the population of Ifugao
was approximately 207,498. The Ifugao language consists of four dialects. Due to being
isolated by the terrain, Ifugaos usually speak in Ilocano, Tagalog, and English as their
alternative to their mother tongue.
 HOW TO GET THERE?
To travel from SMU Bayombong to Ifugao, start by heading north on the Pan-Philippine
Highway (AH26) towards Bagabag. From Bagabag, turn onto the Nueva Vizcaya–Ifugao–
Mountain Province Road (N109) which will lead you into Ifugao. Along the way, you will pass
through key towns such as Lamut, Kiangan, and Lagawe, the capital of Ifugao. Depending on
your final destination—such as Banaue or other towns in the province—the journey typically
takes around 2 to 3 hours, depending on traffic and road conditions.
Atty. Solomon R. Chungalao
Representative, lone district of Ifugao

Hon. Jerry U. Dalipog

Governor

Hon. Glenn D. Prudenciano

Vice Governor

Board Members for District 1

Hon. Alberto Binlang Jr.
Hon. Ceasario Cabbigat
Hon. Jordan Gullitiw
Hon. Joselito Guyguyon

Board Members for District 2

Hon. Orlando Addug
Hon. Peter Bunnag
Hon. Perfecta Dulnuan
Hon. Jojo Odan
BANAUE RICE TERRACES
The Rice Terraces of the
Philippine Cordilleras were
inscribed as a UNESCO
World Heritage Site in 1995
in recognition of their
outstanding cultural
landscape and the need for
their protection and
conservation.
MT. NAPULAWAN
The 15th highest mountain in the
Philippines. Known for its
challenging trails and enchanting
mossy forests, it has a difficulty
rating of 7/9. The mountain is
historically significant, linked to
General Tomoyuki Yamashita
during World War II. Its name may
derive from the Ifugao word
"pulaw," meaning white, reflecting
its frequent cloud cover.
TENOGTOG FALLS
Tenogtog Falls in Mayoyao,
Ifugao, is a breathtaking three-
tiered waterfall, each level
featuring its own serene natural
pool. The name "Tenogtog,"
meaning "chopped," reflects its
historical significance as a
gathering spot for hunters.
KIANGAN SHRINE
also known as the Yamashita
Shrine, A war memorial in
Kiangan, Ifugao, Philippines. It
commemorates the surrender of
the top commander of Japanese
Imperial Army in the Philippines
General Tomoyuki Yamashita to
the Allied forces
BOGYAH HOT SPRING TAPPIYA FALLS ROLLING HILLS
Hungduan Ifugao Banaue Ifugao Mayoyao Ifugao
CULTURES &
TRADITIONS
HUDHUD CHANT
Hudhud Chant Narrative chants
performed during rice sowing,
harvests, and funerals.
In 2001, the Hudhud Chants of the
Ifugao was chosen as one of the 11
Masterpieces of the Oral and
Intangible Heritage of Humanity. It
was then formally inscribed as a
UNESCO Intangible Cultural
Heritage in 2008.
IFUGAO Cultural DANCE
The Tayaw dance holds significant
cultural importance for the Ifugao
people, symbolizing celebration and
unity within the community.
Traditionally performed during
harvest festivals and rituals,
gatherings and celebrations

The dance features distinct

movements that convey themes of
bravery, respect, and supplication
for fertility.
 "BAKI"
Baki is a traditional sacrificial ritual in
Ifugao culture, performed by a spiritual
leader known as the mumbaki. It serves to
appease ancestral spirits and deities,
ensuring harmony and protection for the
community. Baki rituals are conducted
during significant events such as
childbirth, healing, and agricultural
milestones. They typically involve
offerings, prayers, and the reading of a
chicken's gallbladder to interpret the
success of the ritual.
 "BOGWAH"
also known as "bonewashing," involves
exhuming the bones of the deceased,
cleaning them, and rewrapping them in
traditional cloth before returning them to
the grave or lubuk (cemetery) and even in
some hidden areas of the house.

The ritual is seen as a family responsibility

and is believed to ensure prosperity and
peace for those left behind. It reflects deep
respect for ancestors and is performed to
appease their spirits
 "BAGOR"
Bagor serves to welcome a newborn baby
into the family and community, marking
an important life event with various
rituals and celebrations.

The ritual reflects Ifugao values

surrounding family, respect for life
transitions, and connection to ancestral
traditions.
WEARING OF IFUGAO
NATIVE ATTIRE
The native attire of the Ifugao people is a vibrant
representation of their cultural identity and
traditions. For women, the tapis, a wraparound
skirt, is a key garment, often paired with the
lamma, a decorative blouse in modern adaptations.
They accessorize with coiled brass bracelets and
intricate beadwork, which signify social status and
showcase their craftsmanship. Men wear the
wanno, a traditional G-string that varies in style
depending on the wearer’s rank or the occasion,
sometimes paired with brass leg accessories.
Headdresses adorned with wooden figures of the
rice god Bul-ul are also worn during rituals to
symbolize blessings for good harvests. These
garments are not only practical but also play an
essential role in Ifugao rituals, celebrations, and
preserving their cultural identity.
FESTIVALS
GOTAD
Gotad ad Ifugao is a significant cultural festival held
annually on June 18 in Ifugao, Philippines, marking the
province's foundation anniversary. The term "Gotad"
means a large gathering or celebration.The festival
highlights the rich customs and traditions of the Ifugao
people, fostering community spirit and unity among
the 11 municipalities of the province.

It symbolizes abundance and community spirit,

reflecting the Ifugao people's deep connection to their
agricultural roots. The drink is often associated with
rituals and ceremonies that honor ancestors and
deities, making it a vital element in expressing
gratitude for blessings received.
WEAVING CONTEST STREET DANCING FLOAT PARADE
"PUNNUK"
Punnuk, the Tugging Ritual in Hungduan, Closing an
Agricultural Cycle, “Punnuk” is a yearly tradition in the
province that features a ritual called “ginuyodan” or a
game of tug-of-war by men in the village at the river to
celebrate a bountiful harvest. Participants pull each
with a ‘pakid’ or a rope made from the stem of the
attoba tree. The festival closes with a ritual that
releases the “kina’ag” to symbolically appease the
deities protecting the river wherein the used kina-ag is
thrown into the river to be swept away by the currents
so that when it seen by the communities living
downstream, people will know that the harvest in
Hapao, Baang, and Nungulunan has been completed.
"INUM" "BAKI" "PUNNUK"
 ACCOMODATIONS
KGI MOUNTAINSIDE HOTEL GIOVANNI'S PLACE BANAUE GRAND VIEW HOTEL

LAGAWE, IFUGAO HUNGDUAN, IFUGAO BANAUE, IFUGAO

 ACCOMODATIONS
Banaue Hotel Offers comfortable rooms with stunning views
and amenities like a restaurant and pool.

Banaue Evergreen Hostel A budget-friendly option with cozy

accommodations and a restaurant, ideal for backpackers.

Uyami's Green View Lodge Provides a rustic experience with

beautiful views and local cuisine.

Ramon's Native Homestay Features traditional Ifugao huts,

offering an authentic cultural experience.

Batad View Inn Located near the rice terraces, this inn offers
scenic views and local hospitality.
BEST
BUY'S • IFUGAO NATIVE ATTIRE
• NATIVE RICE WINE "BAYAH"
• NATIVE RICE/RED RICE
• WOOD CARVED SCULPTURES
• ACCESSORIES
• BAGS
• SOUVENIRS
 TRIVIA
Headhunting was a significant practice among the
Ifugao people and other ethnic groups in pre-
colonial Philippines, serving various cultural
purposes. This tradition involved taking the heads
of enemies as acts of revenge, to bring glory, and
to secure good luck for warriors and their
communities. The preserved heads were often
used in rituals, believed to hold spiritual power
tattoos serves as symbol of a warrior's
achievements in battle.
 REFERENCES
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ResearchGate.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329561397_Cultural_Preservation_and_Inclusi
on_for_the_Ifugao_People Haydee Antonio-Hermosora
Britannica. (1998). Ifugao | Rice Terraces, Philippines, Indigenous. Encyclopedia
Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ifugao-people
eHRAF World Cultures. (n.d.). Ifugao - Summary. Yale University.
https://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/cultures/oa19/summary
Ifugao people. (2007). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifugao_people
National Commission on Culture and the Arts (Philippines). (2022). Ifugao: Culture and
history. Grafiati. https://www.grafiati.com/en/literature-selections/ifugao-philippines/ Gart Gano Photography

Punnuk of the Ifugao. (2015). In UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage. Retrieved January 29,
2025, from https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/tugging-rituals-and-games-01193
Scott, W. H. (2003). The discovery of the Ifugao rice terraces. In The Cordillera (pp. 45-67).
University of the Philippines Press.
Tiongson, N. M., & Lapeña, Q. G. (2024). Ifugao political organization and social structure.
In The Ifugao World (pp. 100-120). eHRAF World Cultures. iHingyon TV
https://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/cultures/oa19/documents/034
Thank You
ANALLY NAKAKE
BSTM 1A