LENGTH, AREA AND VOLUME

Learning Outcomes
As a result of studying this topic, students will be able to:
a) Apply concept of summation of small length, area and volume segments to
integration.
b) Utilize methods of integration to calculate lengths of curves.
c) Utilize methods of integration to calculate area enclosed by graphs of two
functions.
d) Utilize methods of integration to compute surface areas.
e) Utilize methods of integration compute volumes of revolution of objects with
circular-shaped aspects.
1. Arc Length

If f is continuous and differentiable function on the interval [𝑎, 𝑏] and 𝑓′ is also

continuous on the same interval [𝑎, 𝑏] then a formula for the length of a curve 𝑦 =
𝑓(𝑥) on an interval [𝑎, 𝑏] can be found.

y = f(x)
∆s

∆y

∆x

The small length ∆ s along the curve can be considered to be straight, and is the
hypotenuse of the right-angled triangle shown above.

lim (∆𝑠)2 = lim (∆𝑥 )2 + lim (∆𝑦)2 => (𝑑𝑠)2 = (𝑑𝑥 )2 + (𝑑𝑦)2
∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥→0

1
 (∆𝑠)2 = (∆𝑥 )2 + (∆𝑦)2.

𝑑𝑦 2
(𝑑𝑠 )2 = (𝑑𝑥 )2 + (𝑑𝑦 )2 => 𝑑𝑠 = √1 + ( ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥

So the length L of the arc from A to B is given by

𝑏 𝑏 𝑑𝑦 2
𝐿 = ∫𝑎 𝑑𝑠 = ∫𝑎 √1 + ( ) 𝑑𝑥 (1)
𝑑𝑥

If on the other hand x = f(y)

𝑑𝑥 2
(𝑑𝑠)2 = (𝑑𝑥 )2 + (𝑑𝑦)2 => 𝑑𝑠 = √1 + ( ) 𝑑𝑦 and the arc length from A to
𝑑𝑦
be is given by:

𝑏 𝑏 𝑑𝑥 2
𝐿 = ∫𝑎 𝑑𝑠 = ∫𝑎 √1 + ( ) 𝑑𝑦 (2)
𝑑𝑦

When x and y are expressed in parametric form i.e. x = f(t) and y = g(t) then
∆𝑥 = 𝑓 ′ (𝑡). ∆𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝑦 = 𝑔′ (𝑡). ∆𝑡. This is because
𝑓(𝑡𝑖+1 )−𝑓(𝑡𝑖 ) ∆𝑥 𝑔(𝑡𝑖+1 )−𝑔(𝑡𝑖 ) ∆𝑦
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) ≈ = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔′ (𝑡) ≈ =
∆𝑡 ∆𝑡 ∆𝑡 ∆𝑡
𝑏 𝑏
𝐿 = ∫ 𝑑𝑠 = ∫ √(𝑓 ′ (𝑡). ∆𝑡)2 + (𝑔′ (𝑡). ∆𝑡)2
𝑎 𝑎

𝑏 𝑏 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 2 2
=∫𝑎 √(𝑓′(𝑡))2 + (𝑔′(𝑡))2 𝑑𝑡 = ∫𝑎 √( ) + ( ) 𝑑𝑡 (3)
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

Solved Examples
2 2
1) Find the arc length of the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 3/2 from (1 , ) to (2 , 4√3).
3 3

Solution
𝑑𝑦 2 3 1/2 𝑑𝑦 2
= . 𝑥 = 𝑥 1/2; ( ) = 𝑥; 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 2
𝑑𝑥 3 2 𝑑𝑥

2
 2 𝑑𝑦 2 2
𝐿 = ∫1 √1 + ( ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫1 √1 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥. Let 𝑢 = 1 + 𝑥 => 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
2 3 2 3 2
∫1 √1 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫2 √𝑢 𝑑𝑥 = 3 𝑥 3/2 + 𝐶| 2 = 3 (3√3 − 2√2) = 4.6667 units.
1
2) Find the arc length of the curve 𝑦 = (𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 ), 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2.
2

Solution
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 2 1 2𝑥
= (𝑒 − 𝑒 ) = 𝑥 ; ( ) = (𝑒 − 2 + 𝑒 −2𝑥 );
−𝑥 1/2
𝑎 = 0, 𝑏 = 2
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 4
2
𝑑𝑦 2 2
1
𝐿 = ∫ √1 + ( ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ √1 + (𝑒 2𝑥 − 2 + 𝑒 −2𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
0 𝑑𝑥 0 4

2 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 2 2 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥
= ∫ √( ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 =
0 2 0 2
𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥 2 𝑒 2 −𝑒−2
= | = 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠.
2 0 2
4 11
3) Find the arc length of the curve 24𝑥𝑦 = 𝑦 4 + 48 from ( , 2) to ( , 4).
3 4

Solution
𝑦 4 + 48 𝑦 3 2
𝑥= = +
24𝑦 24 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑦 2 2 1 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑦 4 1 4
= − = 𝑥2; ( ) = − + 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = 4
𝑑𝑦 8 𝑦2 𝑑𝑦 64 2 𝑦 4

2
𝑑𝑥 2 4
𝑦4 1 4
√ √
𝐿 = ∫ 1 + ( ) 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 1 + − + 𝑑𝑦
0 𝑑𝑦 2 64 2 𝑦 4

4 𝑦4 1 4
=∫ √ + + 𝑑𝑦
2 64 2 𝑦 4

3
 4 4 𝑦2 2
𝑦2 2 2
√
= ∫ ( + 2 ) 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ( + 2 )
2 8 𝑦 2 8 𝑦
𝑦3 2 4 17
= − | = 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠.
24 𝑦 2 6

4) Determine the arc length of 𝑦 = In|𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥| between 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝜋/4.

Solution
𝑑𝑦 sec 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 2
= = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 ; ( ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥; 𝑎 = 0, 𝑏 = 𝜋/4
𝑑𝑥 sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝜋/4
𝑑𝑦 2 𝜋/4
𝐿=∫ √1 + ( ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ √1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0 𝑑𝑥 0

𝜋/4
=∫ sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0
𝜋
= In|𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥| | 4 = In|√2 + 1|
0
5) Find the circumference of the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑟 2.
Solution
𝑥 = 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡 = 𝑓 (𝑡) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡 = 𝑔(𝑡) => 𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = −𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔′ (𝑡) =
𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡.

𝑏 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦2 2𝜋 2
𝐿 = ∫𝑎 √( ) + ( ) 𝑑𝑡 = ∫0 √(𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡)2 + (𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡)2 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
2𝜋
= ∫ √𝑟 2(𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑡) 𝑑𝑡
0
2𝜋 2𝜋
= 𝑟 ∫0 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑟 𝑡 | = 2𝜋𝑟 units.
0
6) Compute the length of the curve 𝑥 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡, 𝑦 = 2 cos 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡 between 0 ≤
𝑥 ≤ 𝜋/4.
Solution

4
 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
= −4 cos 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 = 𝑓 (𝑡) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑏 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 2
𝐿 = ∫ √( ) + ( ) 𝑑𝑡
𝑎 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
2𝜋
= ∫0 √16𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡 + 4𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑡 − 8𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡 + 4𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝜋
= 2 ∫ √𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑡 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
0
𝜋
= 2 ∫ √(𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡)2 𝑑𝑡
0
𝜋
= 2 ∫ (𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡) 𝑑𝑡
0

𝜋 𝜋/4
= 2 ∫0 𝑑𝑡 = 2 𝑡 | = 2𝜋 units
0

Exercise
1. Compute the arc length of the function on the given interval:
3 2 3
𝑎) 𝑦 = 2(𝑥 − 1 )2 𝑜𝑛 [1, 5 ] b) 𝑦 = (𝑥 2 + 1 )2 𝑜𝑛 [1, 4]
3
𝑥3 1 𝜋
𝑐) 𝑦 = + 𝑜𝑛 [1, 3] d) 𝑦 = In(𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 ) 𝑜𝑛 [0, ]
6 2𝑥 4
2. Find the length of the line segment on 2𝑦 + 2𝑥 + 3 = 0 between y=1and y= 3.
3.
a. Show that ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑡𝑑𝑡 = sec 𝑡 tan 𝑡 + In|sec 𝑡 + tan 𝑡| . (Hint: 𝑠𝑒𝑐 3𝑡 =
sec 𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2𝑡).
b. Hence or otherwise use the results in (a) to compute the length of the curve
x = t sin t; y = t cos t from 𝑡 = 0 to 𝑡 = 2𝜋.

Answers
1 14
1. 𝑎) (37√37 − 1 ) b) 45 𝑐) d) In(1 + √2)
27 3
2. 2√2 units 3. 𝑏) 21.2563 units

5
2. Surface of Revolution

In this section we are going to find the surface area obtained when the portion of the
arc of the graph of the function y=f(x) is revolved about any of the axes between any
two points along the axis. For instance when the curve below is rotated about the x-
axis, surface area A swept by the arc ds can be calculated as follows:

y = f(x)

𝑓 (𝑏 )

ds

f(a)
0 a b

𝑏 𝑏 𝑑𝑦 2
Surface area 𝐴 = ∫𝑎 2𝜋𝑦𝑑𝑠 = ∫𝑎 2𝜋𝑦 √1 + ( ) 𝑑𝑥 .
𝑑𝑥

Similarly if revolution is about the y-axis, between y=c and y=d, the surface area A
is:

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑𝑥 2
𝐴 = ∫𝑐 2𝜋𝑥𝑑𝑠 = ∫𝑐 2𝜋𝑦 √1 + ( ) 𝑑𝑦 .
𝑑𝑦

Solved Examples
1) Find the area of the surface generated when the graph of 𝑦 = √x between 𝑥 =
0 and 𝑥 = 1 is rotated about the x-axis.
Solution
𝑑𝑦 1 −1/2
= 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑏 𝑑𝑦 2 1 1 2
Area 𝐴 = ∫𝑎 2𝜋𝑦√1 + ( ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 2𝜋√x√1 + ( 𝑥 −1/2) 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2

6
 1 1
= ∫ 2𝜋√x√1 + 𝑑𝑥
0 4𝑥

1 1
= ∫ 2𝜋√𝑥 + 𝑑𝑥
0 4

2 1 3/2 1
= 2𝜋. (𝑥 + ) | = 5.3004 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 2
3 4 0
2) Find the area of the surface generated when the curve 𝑦 = √4 − x 2 , between
𝑥 = −1 and 𝑥 = 1 is rotated about the x-axis.
Solution
𝑑𝑦 1
= (−2𝑥 )(4 − 𝑥 )−1/2 = −𝑥(4 − x 2 )−1/2
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑏 𝑑𝑦 2 1 𝑥 2
Area 𝐴 = ∫𝑎 2𝜋𝑦√1 + ( ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫−1 2𝜋√4 − x 2 . √1 + (− 2
) 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 √4−x

1 𝑥2
= ∫−1 2𝜋√4 − x 2 . √1 + 𝑑𝑥
4−x2

1
2
= ∫ 2𝜋√4 − x 2 . 𝑑𝑥
−1 √4 − x 2
1
1
= 4𝜋 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 4𝜋(𝑥 + 𝐶 ) | = 8𝜋
−1 −1
= 25.1327 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 2
3) The arc given as 𝑦 = x 2 is rotated about the y-axis from (1, 1) to (2, 4) .
Calculate the surface area generated.
Solution
𝑑𝑥 1
=
𝑑𝑦 2√𝑦

𝑑 𝑑𝑥 2 4 1
Area 𝐴 = ∫𝑐 2𝜋𝑥 √1 + ( ) 𝑑𝑦 = ∫1 2𝜋√y. √1 +
𝑑𝑦 4𝑦
𝑑𝑦

7
 4
= 𝜋 ∫ √4y + 1 𝑑𝑦
1

2 1 4
= 𝜋. . (4y + 1)3/2 | = 30.8465 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 2
3 4 1
𝑥
4) The catenary line 𝑦 = acosh rotates around the x−axis and sweeps out a
𝑎
surface called a catenoid. Find the surface area of the catenoid in the range
−𝑎 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑎.
Solution
𝑑𝑦 𝑥
= sinh
𝑑𝑥 𝑎
𝑎 𝑑𝑦 2 𝑎 𝑥 𝑥 2
Area 𝐴 = ∫−𝑎 2𝜋𝑦√1 + ( ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫−𝑎 2𝜋 acosh . √1 + (sinh ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑎 𝑎
2𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ 𝑎
1+ sinh2 = cosh2 . Also cosh2 =
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 2

𝑎 𝑎
𝑥 𝑥 2 𝑥
∫ 2𝜋 acosh . √1 + (sinh ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 2𝜋𝑎 cosh2 𝑑𝑥
−𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 −𝑎 𝑎

2𝑥
𝑎 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ
= 2𝜋𝑎 ∫ 𝑎 𝑑𝑥
−𝑎 2
𝑎 2𝑥 𝑎
= 𝜋𝑎 (𝑥 + sinh ) |
2 𝑎 −𝑎
𝑎 𝑎
= 𝜋𝑎 [(𝑎 + sinh 2) − (−𝑎 + sinh(−2))]
2 2
= 𝜋𝑎(𝑎 sinh 2 + 2𝑎 ) = 𝜋𝑎2 (sinh 2 + 2)
𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 2
𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥
Note that sinh(−2) = − sinh(2) since sinh 𝑥 = .
2
5) Find the area of the surface obtained by revolving the astroid 𝑥 = cos 3 𝑡, 𝑦 =
sin3 𝑡 around
the x−axis.

8
 Solution
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
= (−3) cos 2 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡; = 3 sin2 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡;
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝜋/2 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 2
𝐴=∫ 2𝜋𝑦 √( ) + ( ) 𝑑𝑡
0 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝜋/2
= 2 ∫0 2𝜋 . sin3 𝑡 √{(−3) cos 2 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 }2 + (3 sin2 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡; )2𝑑𝑡
𝜋/2
= 4𝜋 ∫ sin3 𝑡 √(3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡) 2𝑑𝑡
0
𝜋/2
= 12𝜋 ∫ sin4 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑡
0
sin5 𝑡 𝜋/2 12𝜋
= 12𝜋 ( )| = 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 2
5 0 5

Exercise
1. Find the surface area generated when the curve 𝑦 = In𝑥, in the range 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤
3, is rotated about the x-axis.
2. Find the area generated by rotating :
1
𝑎) 𝑦 = ; 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2 about the x − axis.
𝑥
b) 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 ; 1 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 1 about they − axis.

9
3. Find the area of the surface formed by rotating the parabola 𝑦 = 1 − 𝑥 2 on the
interval [0,1] around the y−axis.
Answers

1. 𝑎) 9.02375 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 2

2. 𝑎) 5.01642 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 2 b)5.91943 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 2 3). 5.33041 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 2

3. Volume of Revolution

Consider the rectangles ABFE and ABCD. If the area of ABFD is rotated about the
x-axis, let the volume generated be . Take 𝛿𝑥 > 0.

y=f(x)

𝑓 (𝑥 + 𝛿𝑥 ) E F

D C
f(x)
A B
x x+ 𝛿𝑥

𝜋[𝑓(𝑥)]2𝛿𝑥 < 𝛿𝑉 < 𝜋[𝑓(𝑥 + 𝛿𝑥)]2𝛿𝑥

𝛿𝑉
=> 𝜋[𝑓(𝑥)]2 < < 𝜋[𝑓(𝑥 + 𝛿𝑥)]2
𝛿𝑥

𝛿𝑉
=> 𝜋[𝑓(𝑥)]2 < lim < lim 𝜋[𝑓(𝑥 + 𝛿𝑥)]2
𝛿𝑥→0 𝛿𝑥 𝛿𝑥→0

𝑑𝑉
=> 𝜋[𝑓(𝑥)]2 < < 𝜋[𝑓(𝑥)]2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑉
= 𝜋[𝑓(𝑥)]2 => 𝑑𝑉 = 𝜋[𝑓(𝑥)]2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥

=> ∫ 𝑑𝑉 = ∫ 𝜋[𝑓(𝑥)]2 𝑑𝑥

10
 => 𝑉 = ∫ 𝜋[𝑓(𝑥)]2 𝑑𝑥

𝑏
=> 𝑉 = ∫𝑎 𝜋𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 for the region bounded between x = a and x = b.

Solved Examples
1) Find the volume generated when the region bounded by 𝑦 = √x is rotated about
the x-axis between x=0 and x=1.
Solution
𝑏 1 2 𝜋𝑥 2 1 𝜋
Volume 𝑉 = ∫𝑎 𝜋𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝜋(√𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = | = 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 3 .
2 0 2
2) Find the volume of the solid obtained when the region bounded by 𝑦 = √x and
𝑦 = 𝑥 2 is rotated about the x-axis.
Solution

𝑦1 = x 2

1
𝑦2 = √x
𝐴

0 1

The volume V between the two curves is marked A in the figure above.
𝑏 1 2
𝑉 = ∫𝑎 𝜋[(𝑦1 )2 − (𝑦2 )2 ] 𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝜋 [(√x ) − (x 2 )2 ] 𝑑𝑥 .
1
= ∫ 𝜋[𝑥 − 𝑥 4] 𝑑𝑥
0
𝑥2 𝑥5 1 3𝜋
= − | = 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 3
2 5 0 10

11
 Note that (0, 0) and (1, 1) are the two points of intersection for the two curves,
𝑁𝑂
3) Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving 𝑦 = 𝑥 about x-axis,
between 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑥 = 3.
Solution
𝑏 3 𝜋𝑥 3 3
Volume 𝑉 = ∫𝑎 𝜋𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝜋𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = | = 9𝜋 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 3 .
3 0
4) Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 about x-axis,
between 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝜋 .
Solution
𝑏 𝜋
Volume 𝑉 = ∫𝑎 𝜋𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝜋𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥𝑑𝑥.
𝜋
1 − cos 2𝑥
= ∫ 𝜋 𝑑𝑥
0 2
3
𝜋 1 3 𝜋
= [𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 + 𝐶] | = 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 3
2 2 0 2
5) Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 about y-axis,
between 𝑦 = 0 and 𝑦 = 4.
Solution
2
𝑏 2 4
Volume 𝑉 = ∫𝑎 𝜋𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∫0 𝜋𝑦 𝑑𝑦
3 𝑦 = 𝑥3

3 5 4
= 𝜋 [ 𝑦 3 + 𝐶] | = 19 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 3 4
5 0

1
43
This the shaded region.

6)
a. Find the volume of the solid generated in (5) above if the shaded region is
rotated about the x-axis.

12
 b. If the region between the curve and the x-axis is rotated about the x-axis.

Solution
a. This the region between line 𝑦1 = 4 and the curve 𝑦2 = 𝑥 3.
𝑏
Volume 𝑉 = ∫𝑎 𝜋[(𝑦1 )2 − (𝑦2 )2 ] 𝑑𝑥 .
3
√4
= ∫ 𝜋[(4 )2 − (x 3 )2 ] 𝑑𝑥
0
3
x7
= 𝜋 [16𝑥 − ] | √4 = 21.77 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 3
7 0

b. This the region between line 𝑦1 = 𝑥 3 and the curve 𝑦2 = 0.

𝑏
Volume 𝑉 = ∫𝑎 𝜋[(𝑦)2 ] 𝑑𝑥 .
3
√4
= ∫ 𝜋(𝑥 3 )2 𝑑𝑥
0
3
x7
= 𝜋[ ] | √4 = 11.3986 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 3
7 0

Exercise
1. Find the volume generated by the areas bounded by the following curves, if
they are rotated about the x-axis:
𝑎) 𝑦 = 𝑥; 𝑦 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 2; b) 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 ; 𝑦 = 0

2. Find the volume generated by the areas bounded by the following curves, if
they are rotated about the y-axis:
𝑎) 𝑦 2 = 𝑥; 𝑦 = 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 0; b) 𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 = 4

3. Find the volume generated by the region bounded by 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 , and 𝑦 = is

rotated between rotated about the y-axis.
4. Find the volume generated by the region bounded by 𝑦 = 𝑥 4 , between 𝑥 = 1
and 𝑦 = 0 is rotated about the y-axis.

13
 Answers
8𝜋 16𝜋
3. 𝑎) 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 3 b) 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 3
3 15

1024𝜋 8𝜋
4. 𝑎) 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 3 b) 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 3
5 3
𝜋 𝜋
5. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 3 4). 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 3
3 6

14