Scribd
Upload
6 views6 pages

A Logic Statement

A logic statement is a declarative sentence that can be true or false, serving as a fundamental building block in logic. Various logical operators, such as AND, OR, NOT, conditional, and biconditional, are used to combine these statements. Additionally, quantifiers like existential (∃) and universal (∀) are used to express the existence or universality of statements within a domain.

Uploaded by

key tech
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views6 pages

A Logic Statement

A logic statement is a declarative sentence that can be true or false, serving as a fundamental building block in logic. Various logical operators, such as AND, OR, NOT, conditional, and biconditional, are used to combine these statements. Additionally, quantifiers like existential (∃) and universal (∀) are used to express the existence or universality of statements within a domain.

Uploaded by

key tech
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

A logic statement, also known as a proposition, is a declarative

sentence that is either true or false. It's like a claim that can be
verified. Here are some examples:

 "The sky is blue." This is a true logic statement.


 "The Earth is flat." This is a false logic statement.

Logic statements are fundamental in logic, a field of study that


deals with reasoning and argumentation. They form the building
blocks for more complex logical structures
like arguments, propositions, and truth tables.

In logic, we use symbols to represent logic statements:

 p: Represents a logic statement. For example, "p" could stand


for "The sun is shining."
 q: Represents another logic statement. For example, "q" could
stand for "It is warm outside."

We can combine logic statements using logical operators:

 AND (∧): Both statements must be true. Example: "The sun is


shining (p) AND it is warm outside (q)."
 OR (∨): At least one statement must be true. Example: "The
sun is shining (p) OR it is warm outside (q)."
 NOT (¬): Negates a statement. Example: "NOT (The sun is
shining (p))."
EXAMPLE

Negation is one of the most basic logic connectives. It reverses


the truth value of a statement.

Here's how negation works:

 If a statement is true, its negation is false.


 If a statement is false, its negation is true.

We use the symbol ¬ (sometimes ~) to represent negation.

Example:

Let's say our statement is:

 p: "The sun is shining."

The negation of this statement would be:

 ¬p: "The sun is not shining."


conjunction is a logic connective that combines two statements
and is only true if both statements are true. It's like saying "and".

We use the symbol ∧ (sometimes written as "&" or "•") to represent


conjunction.

Example:

Let's say we have two statements:

 p: "The sun is shining."


 q: "It is warm outside."

disjunction is a logic connective that combines two statements and


is true if at least one of the statements is true. It's like saying "or".

We use the symbol ∨ (sometimes written as "+" or "||") to represent


disjunction.

Example:

Let's say we have two statements:

 p: "The sun is shining."


 q: "It is raining."

The disjunction of these statements would be:

 p ∨ q: "The sun is shining or it is raining."


conditional statement, also called an implication, is a logic
connective that combines two statements and expresses a
relationship between them. It essentially says "if this, then that".

We use the symbol → (sometimes written as "⊃" or "⇒") to


represent a conditional statement.

Example:

Let's say we have two statements:

 p: "It is raining."
 q: "The ground is wet."

The conditional statement would be:

 p → q: "If it is raining, then the ground is wet."

Here's how it works in practice:

 If it is raining (p) and the ground is wet (q), then the


statement "If it is raining, then the ground is wet" (p →
q) is true.
 If it is raining (p) but the ground is not wet (q), then
the statement "If it is raining, then the ground is wet"
(p → q) is false.

A biconditional statement, also called a material equivalence, is


a logic connective that combines two statements and is true only if
both statements have the same truth value. It's like saying "if and
only if".

We use the symbol ↔ (sometimes written as "≡" or "⇔") to


represent a biconditional statement.

Example:

Let's say we have two statements:

 p: "The sun is shining."


 q: "It is warm outside."
 p ↔ q: "The sun is shining if and only if it is warm
outside."

Here's how it works in practice:

 If "The sun is shining" (p) is true and "It is warm


outside" (q) is true, then the statement "The sun is
shining if and only if it is warm outside" (p ↔ q) is true.
 If "The sun is shining" (p) is true and "It is warm
outside" (q) is false, then the statement "The sun is
shining if and only if it is warm outside" (p ↔ q) is false.
 If "The sun is shining" (p) is false and "It is warm
outside" (q) is true, then the statement "The sun is
shining if and only if it is warm outside" (p ↔ q) is false.
 If "The sun is shining" (p) is false and "It is warm
outside" (q) is false, then the statement "The sun is
shining if and only if it is warm outside" (p ↔ q) is true.

An existential quantifier is a symbol in logic that expresses the


idea of "there exists" or "there is at least one". It's used to indicate
that a statement is true for at least one element within a given
domain.

The most common symbol for an existential quantifier is ∃.

Example:

Let's say we have a statement:

 "There exists a dog that is brown."

"There exists a person who lives in New York City." (True - many
people live in NYC)

here exists a person who can fly." (False - unless we're talking about
superheroes, humans can't fly)

A universal quantifier is a symbol in logic that expresses the idea


of "for all" or "every". It's used to indicate that a statement is true
for every single element within a given domain.

The most common symbol for a universal quantifier is ∀.


EXAMPLE:
"For all humans x, x needs oxygen to survive." (True - a basic
biological necessity)

For all cars x, x has wheels." (True - a defining feature of cars)

You might also like