Case Based Questions

(This section comprises of 3 case-study/passage-based questions of 4 marks each with subparts.

The first two case study questions have three subparts (i), (ii), (iii) of marks 1, 1,2 respectively.
The third case study question has two subparts of 2 marks each.)

Case Study-1
Students of a school are taken to a railway museum to learn about railways heritage and its
history. An exhibit in the museum depicted many rail lines on the track near the railway station.
Let 𝐿 be the set of all rail lines on the railway track and 𝑅 be the relation on 𝐿 defined by 𝑅 =
{(𝑙1 , 𝑙2 ): 𝑙1 is parallel to 𝑙2 }.

On the basis of the above information, answer the following questions.

(i) Find whether the relation 𝑅 is symmetric or not.
(ii) Find whether the relation 𝑅 is transitive or not.
(iii) (a) If one of the rail lines on the railway track is represented by the equation 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 2,
then find the set of all rail lines in 𝑅 related to it.

OR
(iii) (b) Let 𝑆 be the relation defined by 𝑆 = {(𝑙1 , 𝑙2 ): 𝑙1 is perpendicular to 𝑙2 } check whether
the relation 𝑆 is symmetric and transitive.

Solution
Given, 𝑅 = {(𝑙1 , 𝑙2 ): 𝑙1 is parallel to 𝑙2 }
(i) Let (𝑙1 , 𝑙2 ) ∈ 𝑅
⇒ 𝑙1 is parallel to 𝑙2 ⇒ 𝑙2 is parallel to 𝑙1
⇒ (𝑙2 , 𝑙1 ) ∈ 𝑅 ⇒ 𝑅 is symmetric.
(ii) Let (𝑙1 , 𝑙2 ) ∈ 𝑅 and (𝑙2 , 𝑙3 ) ∈ 𝑅
⇒ 𝑙1 is parallel to 𝑙2 and 𝑙2 is parallel to 𝑙3
⇒ 𝑙1 is parallel to 𝑙3
⇒ (𝑙1 , 𝑙3 ) ∈ 𝑅 ⇒ 𝑅 is transitive.
(iii) (a) Given, line 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 2

Slope of line = 3
∴ The set of rail lines parallel to given line is 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 𝑐, where 𝑐 ∈ ℝ.

OR
(iii) (b) Given, 𝑆 = {(𝑙1 , 𝑙2 ): 𝑙1 is perpendicular to 𝑙2 }

Let (𝑙1 , 𝑙2 ) ∈ 𝑆
⇒ 𝑙1 is perpendicular to 𝑙2 ⇒ 𝑙2 is perpendicular to 𝑙1
⇒ (𝑙2 , 𝑙1 ) ∈ 𝑆 ⇒ 𝑆 is symmetric.
Let (𝑙1 , 𝑙2 ) ∈ 𝑆 and (𝑙2 , 𝑙3 ) ∈ 𝑆
⇒ 𝑙1 is perpendicular to 𝑙2 and 𝑙2 is perpendicular to 𝑙3
 ⇒ 𝑙1 is parallel to 𝑙3
⇒ (𝑙1 , 𝑙3 ) ∉ 𝑆 ⇒ 𝑆 is not transitive.

Case Study-2
Geetika's house is situated at Shalimar Bagh at point 𝑂, for going to Alok's house she first travels
8 km by bus in the East. Here at point 𝐴, a hospital is situated. From Hospital, Geetika takes an
auto and goes 6 km in the North, here at point 𝐵 school is situated. From school, she travels by
bus to reach Alok's house which is at 30∘ East, 6 km from point 𝐵.

On the basis of the above information, answer the following questions.

(i) Write the position vector of 𝐵. Also, find the distance travel by Geetika from her house to school.
(ii) What is the vector distance from Geetika's house to Alok's house?
(iii) (a) What is the vector distance from school to Alok's house?
OR
(iii) (b) What is the total distance travelled by Geetika from her house to Alok's house? Also, find
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |.
|𝑂𝐵
Solution
. (i) We have, 𝑂𝐴⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 8𝑖ˆ and 𝐴𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 6𝑗ˆ
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
∴ 𝑂𝐵 = 𝑂𝐴 + 𝐴𝐵 = 8𝑖ˆ + 6𝑗ˆ
To reach school Geetika travels = (8 + 6)km = 14 km
(ii) Vector distance from Geetika's house to Alok's house = 8𝑖ˆ + 6𝑗ˆ + 3√3𝑖ˆ + 3𝑗ˆ = (8 + 3√3)𝑖ˆ + 9𝑗ˆ
√3 1
(iii) (a) Vector distance from school to Alok's house = 6cos 30∘ 𝑖ˆ + 6sin 30∘ 𝑗ˆ = 6 × 2
𝑖ˆ + 6 × 2 𝑗ˆ =
3√3𝑖ˆ + 3𝑗ˆ OR
(iii) (b) Total distance travelled by Geetika from her house to Alok's house = (8 + 6 + 6)km =
20 km

We have, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐵 = 8𝑖ˆ + 6𝑗ˆ
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
|𝑂𝐵| = √64 + 36 = 10

Case Study-3
Two teams were playing football on a ground, where David is running on the ground with the
football along the curve given by 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 7. He wanted to pass the football to the goalkeeper of
his team. The goalkeeper was standing on the point (3,7).
On the basis of above information, answer the following questions.
(i) At what point, the distance between David and goalkeeper is minimum?
(ii) At what point the slope of David's position is parallel to 𝑥-axis?
Solution
. (i) We have, 𝐷 = √(𝑥 − 3)2 + 𝑥 4
⇒ 𝐷 2 = (𝑥 − 3)2 + 𝑥 4
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 3)2 + 𝑥 4
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2(𝑥 − 3) + 4𝑥 3
For maximum and minimum put 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0
⇒ 2(𝑥 − 3) + 4𝑥 3 = 0 ⇒ 2𝑥 3 + 𝑥 − 3 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 1
Now, 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = 2 + 12𝑥 2
Clearly, 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) at 𝑥 = 1 is greater than zero.
∴ Value of 𝑥 for which 𝑓 will be minimum is 1 .
For 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 8
Thus, the required position is (1,8).
(ii) David's Position is 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 7
𝑑𝑦
⇒ = 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
David's position to be parallel to 𝑥-axis, 𝑑𝑥 = 0
i.e., 2𝑥 = 0
⇒ 𝑥=0∴𝑦=7

At (0,7) David's position is parallel to 𝑥-axis

Case Study-4
A relation 𝑅 on a set 𝐴 is said to be an equivalence relation on 𝐴 iff it is
Reflexive i.e., (𝑎, 𝑎) ∈ 𝑅∀𝑎 ∈ 𝐴.
Symmetric i.e., (𝑎, 𝑏) ∈ 𝑅 ⇒ (𝑏, 𝑎) ∈ 𝑅∀𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝐴.
Transitive i.e., (𝑎, 𝑏) ∈ 𝑅 and (𝑏, 𝑐) ∈ 𝑅
⇒ (𝑎, 𝑐) ∈ 𝑅∀𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 ∈ 𝐴.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) If the relation 𝑅 = {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (2,2), (2,3), (3,1), (3,2), (3,3)} defined on the set 𝐴 =
{1,2,3}, then find the relation 𝑅 on set 𝐴.
(ii) If the relation 𝑅 = {(1,2), (2,1), (1,3), (3,1)} defined on the set 𝐴 = {1,2,3}, then find the relation
𝑅 on set 𝐴.
(iii) (a) If the relation 𝑅 on the set 𝑁 of all natural numbers defined as 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 5 and
𝑥 < 4}, then find the relation 𝑅 on set 𝑁.
OR
(iii) (b) If the relation 𝑅 on the set 𝐴 = {1,2,3, … . . ,13,14} defined as 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0}, then
find the relation 𝑅 on set 𝐴.
 Solution
(i) Clearly, (1,1), (2,2), (3,3), ∈ 𝑅. So, 𝑅 is reflexive on 𝐴.
Since, (1,2) ∈ 𝑅 but (2,1) ∉ 𝑅. So, 𝑅 is not symmetric on 𝐴. Since, (2,3), ∈ 𝑅 and (3,1) ∈ 𝑅 but
(2,1) ∉ 𝑅. So, 𝑅 is not transitive on 𝐴.
(ii) Since, (1,1), (2,2) and (3,3) are not in 𝑅.

So, 𝑅 is not reflexive on 𝐴.

Now, (1,2) ∈ 𝑅 ⇒ (2,1) ∈ 𝑅
and (1,3) ∈ 𝑅 ⇒ (3,1) ∈ 𝑅.
So, 𝑅 is symmetric
Clearly, (1,2) ∈ 𝑅 and (2,1) ∈ 𝑅 but (1,1) ∉ 𝑅.
So, 𝑅 is not transitive on 𝐴.
(iii) (a) We have, 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 5 and 𝑥 < 4}, where 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑁.
∴ 𝑅 = {(1,6), (2,7), (3,8)}
Clearly, (1,1), (2,2) etc. are not in 𝑅. So, 𝑅 is not reflexive. Since, (1,6) ∈ 𝑅 but (6,1) ∉ 𝑅. So, 𝑅 is
not symmetric.
Since, (1,6) ∈ 𝑅 and there is no order pair in 𝑅, which has 6 as the first element. Same is the case for
(2,7) and (3,8). So, 𝑅 is transitive.

OR
(iii) (b) We have, 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0},
where 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 = {1,2, … . . . ,14}
∴ 𝑅 = {(1,3), (2,6), (3,9), (4,12)}
Clearly, (1,1) ∉ 𝑅. So, 𝑅 is not reflexive on 𝐴.
Since, (1,3) ∈ 𝑅 but (3,1) ∉ 𝑅. So, 𝑅 is not symmetric on 𝐴.
Since, (1,3) ∈ 𝑅 and (3,9) ∈ 𝑅 but (1,9) ∉ 𝑅. So, 𝑅 is not transitive on 𝐴.

Case Study-5
Neelam and Ved appeared for first round of an interview for two vacancies. The probability of
Neelam's selection is 1/6 and that of Ved's selection is 1/4.

On the basis of above information, answer the following questions.

(i) Find the probability that both of them are selected.
(ii) Find the probability that none of them is selected.
(iii) (a) Find the probability that only one of them is selected.
OR
(iii) (b) Find the probability that atleast one of them is selected.
Solution
. Let 𝐴 be the event that Neelam is selected and 𝐵 be the event that Ved is selected. Then, we have,
1
𝑃(𝐴) = 6
1 5
⇒ 𝑃(𝐴‾) = 1 − = = 𝑃( Neelam is not selected )
6 6
 1
𝑃(𝐵) =
4
1 3
⇒ 𝑃(𝐵‾) = 1 − 4 = 4 = 𝑃( Ved is not selected )
(i) 𝑃( both are selected ) = 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) ⋅ 𝑃(𝐵)

1 1 1
= × =
6 4 24
(ii) 𝑃 (both are rejected) = 𝑃(𝐴‾ ∩ 𝐵‾) = 𝑃(𝐴‾) ⋅ 𝑃(𝐵‾)
5 3 5
= × =
6 4 8
(iii) (a) 𝑃 (only one of them is selected)
= 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵‾) + 𝑃(𝐴‾ ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) ⋅ 𝑃(𝐵‾) + 𝑃(𝐴‾) ⋅ 𝑃(𝐵)
1 3 5 1 3 5 8 1
= × + × = + = =
6 4 6 4 24 24 24 3
OR
(iii) (b) 𝑃 (at least one of them is selected)
5 3
= 1 − 𝑃( Both are rejected ) = 1 − 8 = 8

Case Study-6
Sonam wants to prepare a sweet box for Diwali at home. For making lower part of box, she takes
a square piece of cardboard of side 18 cm . Let 𝑥 cm be the length of each side of the square
cardboard which is to be cut off from corner of the square piece of side 18 cm .

On the basis of above information, answer the following questions.

(i) Find the expression for the volume of the open box formed by folding up the cutting corners.
𝑑𝑉
(ii) Find the value(s) of 𝑥 for which 𝑑𝑥 = 0.
Solution
. (i) Since, side of square is oflength 18 cm , therefore 𝑥 ∈ (0,9).

Clearly, height of open box = 𝑥 cm

Length of open box = 18 − 2𝑥
and width of open box = 18 − 2𝑥
∴ Volume (𝑉) of the open box = 𝑥 × (18 − 2𝑥) × (18 − 2𝑥)
(ii) We have, 𝑉 = 𝑥(18 − 2𝑥)2
𝑑𝑉
∴ = 𝑥 ⋅ 2(18 − 2𝑥)(−2) + (18 − 2𝑥)2
𝑑𝑥
= (18 − 2𝑥)(−4𝑥 + 18 − 2𝑥) = (18 − 2𝑥)(18 − 6𝑥)
 𝑑𝑉
Now, = 0
𝑑𝑥
⇒ 18 − 2𝑥 = 0 or 18 − 6𝑥 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 9 or 3
Here 𝑥 = 9 is not possible so, 𝑥 = 3.

Case Study 7
The Government of India is planning to fix a hoarding board at the face of a building on the road
of a busy market for awareness of Covid-19 protocol. Ram, Robert and Rahim are the three
engineers who are working on this project. " 𝐴 " is considered as a person, viewing the hoarding
board, 20 metres away from the building and standing at the edge of a pathway nearby. Ram,
Robert and Rahim suggested to the firm to place the hoarding board at three different locations
namely, 𝐶, 𝐷 and 𝐸. " " is at the height of 10 metres from the ground level. For the viewer 𝐴, the
angle of elevation of " 𝐷 " is double the angle of elevation of " 𝐶 ". The angle of elevation of " "
is triple the angle of elevation of " 𝐶 " for the same viewer.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

(i) Find the measure of ∠𝐴𝐸𝐵 in terms of inverse function.
(ii) Find the domain and range of tan−1 𝑥.
(iii) (a) Find the measure of ∠𝐴𝐸𝐵 − ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 in terms of inverse function.

OR

(iii) (b) If 𝐴′ is another viewer, which is at a distance of 5 m from 𝐴 as shown in figure, then find
the difference between ∠𝐶𝐴𝐵 and ∠𝐶𝐴′ 𝐵.

Solution
Let ∠𝐶𝐴𝐵 = 𝛼, then ∠𝐷𝐴𝐵 = 2𝛼 and ∠𝐸𝐴𝐵 = 3𝛼
𝐵𝐶 10 1 1 𝜋 𝜋
(i) In right △ 𝐶𝐴𝐵, tan 𝛼 = = = ⇒ ∠𝐶𝐴𝐵 = 𝛼 = tan−1 ( ) ∠𝐴𝐸𝐵 = − 3𝛼 = −
𝐴𝐵 20 2 2 2 2
−1 1
3tan (2)
−𝜋 𝜋
(ii) Domain of tan−1 𝑥 is 𝑅 and range is ( 2 , 2 )
𝜋 1 𝜋 1 1
(iii) (a) ∠𝐴𝐸𝐵 − ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = − 3tan−1 ( ) − + tan−1 ( ) = −2tan−1 ( )
2 2 2 2 2

OR
(iii) (b) In right △ 𝐶𝐴′ 𝐵
𝐵𝐶 10 2 2
tan ∠𝐴′ = ′ = = ⇒ ∠𝐶𝐴′ 𝐵 = tan−1 ( )
𝐴 𝐵 25 5 5
 1 2
∴ Required difference = tan−1 ( ) − tan−1 ( )
2 5

Case Study-8
The Bermuda triangle, which is also known as Devil's triangle, is in the western part of the North
Atlantic ocean. The diagram of Bermuda triangle is given. Here, 50 ships and 20 aircraft
mysteriously disappeared.

Consider the vertices of Bermuda triangle as 𝐴(2,3,5), 𝐵(3,5,8) and 𝐶(2,7,8),

On the basis of the above information, answer the following questions.

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ .
(i) Find 𝐴𝐵
(ii) Find 𝐴𝐶⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ .
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ × ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
(iii) (a) Find the value of |𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶 |.
OR
(iii) (b) Find the area of △ 𝐴𝐵𝐶.
Solution
. (i) We have, 𝑎 = 2𝑖ˆ + 3𝑗ˆ + 5𝑘 , 𝑏 = 3𝑖ˆ + 5𝑗ˆ + 8𝑘ˆ and 𝑐‾ = 2𝑖ˆ + 7𝑗ˆ + 8𝑘ˆ
ˆ ⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑏⃗ − 𝑎 = (3𝑖ˆ + 5𝑗ˆ + 8𝑘ˆ ) − (2𝑖ˆ + 3𝑗ˆ + 5𝑘ˆ ) ⇒ 𝐴𝐵
∴ 𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ + 3𝑘ˆ
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ˆ
(ii) 𝐴𝐶 = 𝑐‾ − 𝑎 = (2𝑖ˆ + 7𝑗ˆ + 8𝑘 ) − (2𝑖ˆ + 3𝑗ˆ + 5𝑘 ) ˆ
⇒ 𝐴𝐶 = 4𝑗ˆ + 3𝑘ˆ
(iii) (a) We have, 𝐴𝐵⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ + 3𝑘ˆ , 𝐴𝐶
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 4𝑗ˆ + 3𝑘ˆ
𝑖ˆ 𝑗ˆ 𝑘 ˆ
∴ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝐴𝐶 = |1 2 3 | = 𝑖ˆ(6 − 12) − 𝑗ˆ(3 − 0) + 𝑘ˆ (4 − 0) ⇒ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 × ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝐴𝐶 = −6𝑖ˆ − 3𝑗ˆ + 4𝑘ˆ
𝐴𝐵 × ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
0 4 3
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ × ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
∴ |𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶 | = √(−6)2 + (−3)2 + 42 = √36 + 9 + 16 = √61

OR
1
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | = 1 × √61 sq. units = √61 sq. units
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ × 𝐴𝐶
(iii) (b) As we know that area of a △ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 = |𝐴𝐵
2 2 2
 Case Study-9
To improve the air quality of Delhi, students of a particular school wants to plants some trees in
different societies parks.

The local nursery charges the cost of plants by the following formula, 𝑐(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 45𝑥 2 + 600𝑥,
where 𝑥 is the number of trees and 𝑐(𝑥) is the cost of plants (in ₹). School principal, while giving
them instructions, imposed a restriction that they can plant 10 to 20 trees in one particular park for a
fair distribution.
On the basis of the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) What are the possible number of trees if 𝑐 ′ (𝑥) = 0 ?
(ii) For how many trees should they place the order for one park so that their expenses are least? Also,
find the least amount that the children has to spend.

Solution
. (i) 𝑐(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 45𝑥 2 + 600𝑥
𝑑
∴ 𝑐 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑐(𝑥)) = 3𝑥 2 − 90𝑥 + 600
𝑑𝑥
For 𝑐 ′ (𝑥) = 0
⇒ 3(𝑥 2 − 30𝑥 + 200) = 0 ⇒ 3(𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 − 10𝑥 + 200) = 0
⇒ 3[𝑥(𝑥 − 20) − 10(𝑥 − 20)] = 0
⇒ (𝑥 − 10)(𝑥 − 20) = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 10 or 20
Possible number of trees are 10 or 20.
(ii) 𝑐 ′ (𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 90𝑥 + 600
𝑐 ′′ (𝑥) = 6𝑥 − 90 ∵ 𝑐 ′ (𝑥) = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 10,20𝑐 ′′ (10) = 60 − 90 = −30 < 0𝑐 ′′ (20)
= 6(20) − 90 = 120 − 90 = 30 > 0
Thus, they must place order for 20 trees.
At 𝑥 = 20, 𝑐(𝑥) = (20)3 − 45(20)2 + 600(20)
= 8000 − 18000 + 12000 = ₹2000
The least amount spend by them is ₹2000.

Case Study-10
If a real valued function 𝑓(𝑥) is finitely derivable at any point of its domain, it is necessarily
continuous at that point. But its converse need not be true.
For example, every polynomial, constant function are both continuous as well as differentiable
and inverse trigonometric functions are continuous and differentiable in its domain etc.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
𝑥, for 𝑥 ≤ 0
(i) Discus the continuity and differentiability for the function 𝑓(𝑥) = { , at 𝑥 = 0.
0, for 𝑥 > 0
(ii) Discus the continuity and differentiability for the function 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 − 9|, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, at 𝑥 = 9.
(iii) (a) Show that the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 at 𝑥 = 7 is continuous and differentiable.
 OR
1 𝑥 1 𝑥
(iii) (b) Find the derivative of function tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 ( ) w.r.t. 𝑥.
𝑏 𝑏 𝑎 𝑎

Solution
𝑥, for 𝑥 ≤ 0
. (i) We have, 𝑓(𝑥) = {
0, for 𝑥 > 0
It is clear from the graph that 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous because there is no break at 𝑥 = 0. Also, the graph
changes its direction suddenly at 𝑥 = 0,
So, 𝑓(𝑥) is not differentiable.

(ii) We have, 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 − 9|, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅.

The graph is continuous everywhere. So 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous function. But at 𝑥 = 9, 𝑓(𝑥) changes its
direction suddenly, so 𝑓(𝑥) is not differentiable at 𝑥 = 9.
(iii) (a) We have, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3
Continuity at 𝑥 = 7
L.H.L = Lim𝑥→7− 𝑓(𝑥) = Lim𝑥→7− 𝑥 3 = 73
R.H.L = Lim𝑥→7+ 𝑓(𝑥) = Lim𝑥→7+ 𝑥 3 = 73 ; 𝑓(7) = 73
∴ L.H.L = R.H.L = 𝑓(7) = 73
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at 𝑥 = 7.
Differentiability at 𝑥 = 7.
𝑓(7 − ℎ) − 𝑓(7) (7 − ℎ)3 − 73
𝑓 ′ (7− ) = Limℎ→0 = Limℎ→0 = 147
−ℎ −ℎ
𝑓(7 + ℎ) − 𝑓(7) (7 + ℎ)3 − 73
𝑓 ′ (7+ ) = Limℎ→0 = Limℎ→0 = 147
ℎ ℎ
∴𝑓 ′ (7− ) = 𝑓 ′ (7+ )
∴𝑓(𝑥) is differentiable at 𝑥 = 7.

OR
1 𝑥 1 𝑥
(iii) (b) Let 𝑦 =
𝑏
tan−1 (𝑏) + 𝑎 tan−1 (𝑎)
𝑑𝑦 1 1 1 1 1 1
∴ = × 2 × + × 2 ×
𝑑𝑥 𝑏 𝑥 𝑏 𝑎 𝑥 𝑎
1+ 2 1+ 2
𝑏 𝑎
1 1
= + 2
𝑏2 +𝑥 2 𝑎 + 𝑥2