1.

Cloud Deployment Models

Cloud deployment models define how cloud resources are owned, managed, and accessed.

🔹 Public Cloud

 Owned and managed by third-party providers (e.g., AWS, Google Cloud, Azure).

 Resources are shared among multiple users (pay-as-you-go or free with ads).

 Less secure but highly scalable and cost-effective.

🔹 Private Cloud

 Owned by a single organization.

 Provides better security and control.

 Can be managed internally or by a third party.

🔹 Hybrid Cloud

 Combination of public and private clouds.

 Used to separate sensitive and non-sensitive data.

 Complex management but offers flexibility.

🔹 Community Cloud

 Shared by multiple organizations with common interests (e.g., government, healthcare).

 Limited access but higher security than public clouds.

2. Cloud Service Models (Cloud Delivery Models)

Defines the type of IT resources provided by a cloud provider.

🔹 Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)

 Provides virtualized computing resources (e.g., servers, storage, networking).

 Users manage OS, applications, and data.

 Example: AWS EC2, Google Compute Engine.

🔹 Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
  Provides a pre-configured platform for application development.

 Developers focus on coding; the provider manages the infrastructure.

 Example: Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure.

🔹 Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)

 Ready-to-use software accessed via the internet.

 Users don’t need to install or maintain anything.

 Example: Gmail, Dropbox, Zoom.

🔹 Other Service Variants

 Storage-as-a-Service (e.g., Google Drive).

 Database-as-a-Service (e.g., Amazon RDS).

 Security-as-a-Service (e.g., Cloudflare).

3. Cloud Architecture (Reference Model)

Cloud computing combines virtualization and distributed computing to provide on-demand IT

🔹 Components of Cloud Architecture

1. Front-End (Client) – User devices (PCs, mobile apps, browsers).

2. Back-End (Cloud Infrastructure) – Servers, storage, databases, networking.

🔹 Key Features of Cloud Architecture

 Virtualization – Resources are simulated using virtual machines (VMs).

 Scalability – Can quickly scale resources up or down.

 Metered Service – Users pay only for what they use.

 Composability – Cloud applications are built using modular components.

4. Key Infrastructure & Platform Concepts

🔹 Infrastructure (IaaS Level)

 VMs are managed by a Hypervisor (e.g., VMware, Hyper-V).

 Cloud providers ensure computing power, memory, and network bandwidth.

🔹 Platforms (PaaS Level)

 Provides tools and environments for app development.

 Examples:

o Salesforce Force.com – CRM applications.

o Microsoft Azure – Windows-based development.

o Google App Engine – Java & Python-based apps.

🔹 User Interfaces & APIs

 APIs allow developers to interact with cloud services.

 UI tools like HTML, JavaScript, and frameworks (React, Angular) improve user experience.

🔹 Summary Table

Model Definition Example

Public Cloud Shared cloud, owned by a third party AWS, Azure, Google Cloud

Private Cloud Dedicated cloud for one organization Company-owned data centers

Hybrid Cloud Mix of public & private clouds Cloud-bursting models

Community Cloud Shared by organizations with common interests Government, Healthcare clouds

IaaS Provides infrastructure resources AWS EC2, Google Compute Engine

PaaS Provides development platforms Google App Engine, Azure

SaaS Provides ready-to-use software Gmail, Zoom, Dropbox

Each cloud vendor has its own proprietary API, leading to vendor lock-in.

To avoid this, it is recommended to use APIs based on open standards to ensure interoperability.

2. Secure Cloud ConnectionsCommon connection methods:

Web browsers

Proprietary applications (running on PCs, mobile devices, or servers)

Secure connection techniques:

Use secure protocols (SSL/HTTPS, FTPS, IPsec, SSH).

Create a secure tunnel using VPNs (e.g., Microsoft RDP, Citrix ICA).

Encrypt data to prevent unauthorized access.

VPN Solutions:

Hotspot VPN

AnchorFree Hotspot Shield

Gbridge (GoogleTalk-based VPN with features like desktop sharing and folder synchronization)

3. Cloud Computing Technologiesa) ElasticityScalability refers to handling high loads by adding

Elasticity includes both scaling up and scaling down based on demand, ensuring cost efficiency.

Types of Scaling:

Vertical Scaling: Upgrading existing resources (e.g., increasing CPU or RAM).

Horizontal Scaling: Adding more infrastructure and distributing workloads across multiple instances.

Key Benefits of Elasticity:

Adjusts automatically to traffic changes.

Ensures optimal resource utilization.

Reduces costs by scaling down after traffic peaks.

Prevents over-provisioning and under-provisioning.

Services like Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), Elastic Load Balancing, and Elastic Beanstalk offer auto-scaling.

Auto Scaling automatically adjusts instances based on demand.

Elastic Load Balancer (ELB) distributes traffic efficiently.

b) Load BalancingEnsures workload distribution across multiple resources, improving system

Prevents server overload and minimizes response time.

How Load Balancing Works:

Distributes traffic among servers based on factors like CPU load, network load, and memory capacity.

Uses algorithms like Round-robin Load Balancing to allocate requests sequentially.

Monitors system performance and redirects traffic if a server fails.

Cloud Load Balancing Providers:

AWS – Elastic Load Balancer (ELB) for EC2 instances.

Google Cloud – Load Balancer for Compute Engine.

Microsoft Azure – Traffic Manager for distributing traffic across data centers.

Rackspace – Cloud Load Balancers for workload distribution.

Advantages of Cloud Load Balancing:

Improved performance: Faster response times and higher efficiency.

Scalability: Matches increased traffic demands automatically.

Handles traffic spikes: Prevents system crashes during high-traffic periods.

Ensures business continuity: Prevents downtime by distributing workloads.

Conclusion:

Cloud computing technologies such as APIs, secure connections, elasticity, and load balancing are crucial
for building reliable, scalable, and cost-effective cloud applications. Adopting best practices like auto-
scaling and load balancing ensures optimal performance and resource utilization while avoiding
unnecessary costs.