Database Engineering (Lab)

Lab Exercise 4 - Using Logical Operators to Query

Objective

This exercise will help you learn how to use logical operators ($and, $or, $not, $nor) to

query data in MongoDB using the mongosh console.

Objective

1. Insert sample data into a collection.

2. Query data using logical operators.

3. Understand the usage of each logical operator in MongoDB.

Prerequisites

• MongoDB is installed and running.

• Access to the mongosh console.

Prepared by: Prof. Hitesh Kumar Sharma (Cluster Head, CSO Cluster)
 Database Engineering (Lab)

Steps

1. Launch the mongosh Console

Open your terminal or command prompt and type:

mongosh

2. Set Up a Database and Collection

a) Switch to a database:

use logicalOperatorsDB

b) Insert sample data into a collection:

db.employees.insertMany([
{ name: "Alice", age: 25, department: "Engineering", salary: 60000 },
{ name: "Bob", age: 35, department: "HR", salary: 50000 },
{ name: "Carol", age: 30, department: "Engineering", salary: 70000 },
{ name: "David", age: 40, department: "Sales", salary: 55000 },
{ name: "Eve", age: 28, department: "HR", salary: 62000 }
])

Prepared by: Prof. Hitesh Kumar Sharma (Cluster Head, CSO Cluster)
 Database Engineering (Lab)

Output:

{
acknowledged: true,
insertedIds: {
"0": ObjectId("64f94a92b1d0c1a1e62f3c83"),
"1": ObjectId("64f94a92b1d0c1a1e62f3c84"),
"2": ObjectId("64f94a92b1d0c1a1e62f3c85"),
"3": ObjectId("64f94a92b1d0c1a1e62f3c86"),
"4": ObjectId("64f94a92b1d0c1a1e62f3c87")
}
}

3. Query Using Logical Operators

a) Using $and

Query: Find employees in the "Engineering" department with a salary greater than

$60,000.

db.employees.find({
$and: [
{ department: "Engineering" },
{ salary: { $gt: 60000 } }
]
})

Prepared by: Prof. Hitesh Kumar Sharma (Cluster Head, CSO Cluster)
 Database Engineering (Lab)

Output:

[
{ _id: ObjectId("64f94a92b1d0c1a1e62f3c85"), name: "Carol", age: 30, department:
"Engineering", salary: 70000 }
]

b) Using $or

Query: Find employees in either the "HR" department or those older than 30 years.

db.employees.find({
$or: [
{ department: "HR" },
{ age: { $gt: 30 } }
]
})

Output:

[
{ _id: ObjectId("64f94a92b1d0c1a1e62f3c84"), name: "Bob", age: 35, department:
"HR", salary: 50000 },
{ _id: ObjectId("64f94a92b1d0c1a1e62f3c86"), name: "David", age: 40, department:
"Sales", salary: 55000 },
{ _id: ObjectId("64f94a92b1d0c1a1e62f3c87"), name: "Eve", age: 28, department:
"HR", salary: 62000 }
]

Prepared by: Prof. Hitesh Kumar Sharma (Cluster Head, CSO Cluster)
 Database Engineering (Lab)

c) Using $not

Query: Find employees not in the "Engineering" department.

db.employees.find({
department: { $not: { $eq: "Engineering" } }
})

Output:

[
{ _id: ObjectId("64f94a92b1d0c1a1e62f3c84"), name: "Bob", age: 35, department:
"HR", salary: 50000 },
{ _id: ObjectId("64f94a92b1d0c1a1e62f3c86"), name: "David", age: 40, department:
"Sales", salary: 55000 },
{ _id: ObjectId("64f94a92b1d0c1a1e62f3c87"), name: "Eve", age: 28, department:
"HR", salary: 62000 }
]

d) Using $nor

Query: Find employees who are neither in the "HR" department nor earning more than

$60,000.

Prepared by: Prof. Hitesh Kumar Sharma (Cluster Head, CSO Cluster)
 Database Engineering (Lab)

db.employees.find({
$nor: [
{ department: "HR" },
{ salary: { $gt: 60000 } }
]
})

Output:

[
{ _id: ObjectId("64f94a92b1d0c1a1e62f3c86"), name: "David", age: 40, department:
"Sales", salary: 55000 }
]

Summary

• Logical Operators Used:

o $and: Matches documents that satisfy all the specified conditions.

o $or: Matches documents that satisfy at least one condition.

o $not: Negates a condition.

o $nor: Matches documents that do not satisfy any of the specified

This exercise demonstrates how to query data using logical operators for various

scenarios in MongoDB.

Prepared by: Prof. Hitesh Kumar Sharma (Cluster Head, CSO Cluster)