EMBEDDED SYSTEM

UNIT 1 (12)
1. Define the terms: RISC and CISC
2. List any two applications of Harvard Architecture.
3. Explain with block diagram the hardware components used in Embedded system.
4. State any two applications for each of the following:

(i)Small Scale Embedded System.

(ii)Medium Scale Embedded System.

5. Explain in detail any six characteristics of Embedded System.

6. List out four types of embedded systems.
7. State four advantages of embedded system
8. Compare features of PIC and AVR microcontrollers (any four
9. Compare :
(i)RISC with CISC processor
(ii) Harward with Von Neuman architecture.
10. Classify embedded system.
11. State features of 89C51 microcontroller.
12. Draw the block diagram of embedded system and explain with hardware component.
13. State any four design metrics of an embedded system.
14. Write down any four salient features of ARM micro controller
15. Explain duplex mode of communication and write any two applications.
16. Classify Embedded systems based on performance of Microcontroller and explain any one.
17. Draw block schematic of Embedded system and explain about all types of available ports on it

UNIT 2 (16)
1. Illustrate any two data types used in C with their ranges.
2. Label the missing bits in the following TCON Register:

3. Write a C language program to toggle all bits of P0, P1, P2 and P3 continuously with certain delay.
4. Write a C language program to transfer message “MSBTE” serially at 9600 baud rate. Assume
crystal frequency of 12MHz.
5. Describe how assembly language can be included in 89C51 C program. Give an example.
6. Write a C language program to generate square waveform of 5KHz on pin P1.5 of 89C51.
7. List various data types in embedded C with their data range. (any two)
8. List various standard baud rates for serial communication.
9. If the content of ACC = 0 × 02 and P1 = 0 × F3. State the result after execution of following
statements independently:
(i) result = ACC & P1
(ii) result = ACC | P1
 (iii) result = ACC ^ P1
(iv) result = ~ P1
10. Compare between assembly language program with an embedded ‘C’ program with reference to
following points:
i)Execution time
ii) Time for coding
iii) Hex file size
iv) Debugging
11. Illustrate any two logical operators used in C with their examples.
12. Develop a ‘C’ program to transfer the data from port P0 to port Pl.
13. Write a C language program to operate port 0 and port 2 as output port and port 1 and port 3 as
input port.
14. Write a ‘C’ language program to mask the upper four bits of the data given in port 0 and write the
answer in port 1
15. Write ‘C’ program to generate delay of 50 m sec for microcontroller 89C51 with crystal frequency
of 11.0592 MHz
16. Write a ‘C’ language program for 89C51 to generate triangular waveform
17. Draw the format of TMOD register.
18. Write 89C51 C program to mask the lower 4 bits of P2 and upper 4 bits of P0. using logical
operator
19. Write 89C51 C program for multiplication of two 8 bit numbers
20. Write C program to send character ‘ESY’ serially at 9600 baud rate continuously. Assume crystal
frequency 11.0592 MHz
21. Write a C program to toggle all bits of port 1 continuously with 60 ms delay in between. Use timer
0 in mode 1 to generate the delay. The XTAL frequency is 11.0592 MHz.
22. Illustrate any four data types in Embedded C language with their range in bits and data range.
23. State any four logical operations in Embedded C language with one example using C language
syntax.
24. Utilize inverting operator in C language program to toggle all bits of port O of 89C51
Microcontroller with looms delay.
25. Find the contents of port after execution of following code

i)=0×74>>3;
ii) P3=0×04
iii)0×68;
26. Estimate hex data values of THO and TLO if 89C51 microcontroller operating at crystal frequency
of 11.0592 MHz and need to generate delay of 5 milliseconds.
27. Write 89C51 ‘Embedded C’ program to transfer string ‘MSBTE’ serially at 9600 baud rate
continuously, use 8 bit data and l stop bit. Assume crystal frequency of 11.0592 MHz
28. Illustrate any two data types used in C with their ranges.
29. Write a C language program to transfer message “MSBTE” serially at 9600 band rate. Assume
crystal frequency 12 MHz.
30. Write a 89C51 C program to display ‘WELCOME’ on 16 × 2 LCD display.
 UNIT 3 (12)
1. State the protocol used for: i. Modems ii. Automation and Control
2. Draw the 9 pin RS 232C connector and state the significance of DTR and DSR signals.
3. Describe CAN bus with frame format.
4. Compare Zigbee and Bluetooth on the basis of following points: i. Modulation Technique. ii.
Communication Range. iii. Power Consumption. iv. IEEE standard.
5. Explain the frame format of I2C with suitable diagram.
6. State the use of MAX 232 in communication.
7. Compare synchronous and asynchronous communication. (any four points)
8. Explain the process of handshaking in RS232 standard based communication
9. List out eight features of USB.
10.Explain ‘CAN’ bus protocol and list out it’s two applications.
11.State any two features of IrDA
12.Draw and explain CAN bus with frame format.
13.Draw the pin out of RS 232 and describe function of TXD, RXD, DTE and DCE pins.
14.Draw and explain USB protocol
15.Draw the frame format of I2C and explain fields therein.
16.What is USB serial protocol? Which signals it uses
17.Explain architecture of IrDA protocol.
18.Demonstrate how L2CAP, SDP and RFComm protocol plays vital role in bluetooth based adhoc
network
19.State any two application of bluetooth.
20.Draw 9 pin RS 232C connector and state significance of DTR and DSK
21.Compare between CAN and I2C protocols on the following points. i) ii) iii) iv) Data Transfer rate
Number of fields Addressing bits Applications
22.State any four features of Zigbee

UNIT 4 (18)
1. List the various temperature sensors used in industry.
2. Write a ‘C’ language program to rotate stepper motor by 90° clockwise. Assume step angle of 1.8°
and 4 step sequence.
3. Draw the interfacing diagram of ADC with 89C51 and explain the function of following pins: SOC,
EOC and OE.
4. Draw the interfacing diagram of 4x4 matrix keyboard with 89C51.
5. Draw the interfacing diagram of DAC to 89C51 and write a C language program to generate
triangular waveform/ using DAC.
6. Draw the interfacing of key and LED to 89C51 to pins P1.0 and P2.0. Write a C language program to
read the status of Key and Display on LED. [key open = LED OFF ; Key close = LED ON]
7. Write specifications of ADC.
8. Write ‘C’ program to rotate the stepper motor by two complete rotations and then stop. Assume
step angle as 1.8°.
9. Sketch pin-out diagram of LM35 and label it’s pin
10.Explain the need to consider following factors in design matrix of embedded system:
Processor
Memory
Power
Non - recurring engineering cost
11.Sketch circuit diagram showing interfacing of one 7 - segment display to 89C51. Write a ‘C’ program
to display ‘F’ and ‘Fi’ alternately.
12.Sketch interfacing diagram to interface LCD display with 89C51.
13.Explain with sketch interfacing of stepper motor with 89C51. Write ‘C’ language program to rotate
the motor clockwise.
14.Draw labelled diagram to interface 16 × 2 LCD with 89C51. State function of pins
RS
RIW
iii) EN
15.Draw interfacing diagram of 3 × 3 matrix keyboard with 89C51.
16.Draw interfacing diagram of ADC to 89C51 and explain function of following pins SOC, EOC, and OE.
17.Draw the interfacing diagram for temperature measurement using LM35, ADC 0808 with
microcontroller 89C51.
18.Draw interfacing diagram of DAC to 89C51 and write a ‘C’ language program to generate sawtooth
wave.
19.List any four code with description to write in command register of 16×2 LCD.
20.Draw labeled diagram to interface a switch to pin P0.0 and relay to pin P2.0 of 89C51 used to turn
ON/OFF bulb connected to it.
21.List down any four features of LM35 and draw its pin diagram.
22.Sketch interfacing diagram to control stepper motor connected to port 2 through IC ULN 2003 and
write C language program to rotate stepper motor in clockwise direction continuously with certain
delay.
23.Sketch the diagram to interface DAC 0808 to port O of microcontroller 89C51 and write a Embedded
C language program to generate square wave to 50% duty cycle.
24.Draw interface diagram of 7 seg LED display to 89C51 and write a C program to display 0-9
continuously.
 UNIT 5 (12)
1. Define the terms: Scalability, Predictability related to RTOS.
2. Compare desktop OS and RTOS on following points
i) Time behavior
ii) ii) Context switching
iii) iii) Memory requirement
iv) iv) Kernel used
3. Explain pre-emptive and round robin scheduling / algorithm in RTOS.
4. Explain in detail the term deadlock and techniques to prevent it.
5. List any four functions of RTOS.
6. Explain the concept of starvation and deadlock in RTOS
7. State two examples of RTOS.
8. Explain the term ‘Deadlock’. State reason of occurance
9. Explain resource allocation and interrupt handling function of RTOS.
10.List out characteristics of RTOS and explain any four characteristics
11.Differentiate between general purpose operating system (GPOS) and real time operating
system (RTOS).
12.Explain watchdog timer and semaphore in detail.
13.Describe the concept of Round-robin scheduling with suitable schematic diagram.
14.Describe inter task communication with reference to RTOS.
15.Sketch architecture of RTOS and explain function of kernel and device drivers.
(108) question