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CH 1 Database

A database is an organized collection of data stored electronically, with types including paper-based and computer-based databases. Database Management Systems (DBMS) control databases, facilitating data sharing, reducing redundancy, and ensuring data integrity. Key components include tables, records, fields, and primary keys, which uniquely identify each record.

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32 views3 pages

CH 1 Database

A database is an organized collection of data stored electronically, with types including paper-based and computer-based databases. Database Management Systems (DBMS) control databases, facilitating data sharing, reducing redundancy, and ensuring data integrity. Key components include tables, records, fields, and primary keys, which uniquely identify each record.

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g4charter.prajwal
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CH 1: DATABASE

Key Concepts

Database

A database is a collection of data or information stored in a logical format.


It is an organized collection of structured information stored electronically in a computer
system.
Example: A school database storing student records like names, roll numbers, and grades.

Types of Databases

1. Paper-Based Database

Data is stored on paper and kept in filing cabinets.


Example: A doctor's office storing patient records in folders.
Disadvantages:
Difficult to search and sort information.
Requires physical storage space.
Hard to edit or make copies of data.

2. Computer-Based Database

Data is stored digitally and can be easily retrieved using a computer program.
Example: Microsoft Access, Google Sheets, or an online shopping website storing customer
details.
Advantages:
Easy to find data using specific criteria.
No physical storage required.
Easy to edit and duplicate data.
Reports can be generated based on records.

Why Do We Need a Database?

To store data about people, things, and events.


Ensures data consistency with one-time modifications.
All users access the same data set, ensuring uniformity.
Prevents data duplication using relational databases.
Example: An airline database storing ticket bookings to prevent double booking of seats.

Database Management System (DBMS)

A database is controlled by a Database Management System (DBMS).


Data can include text, numbers, images, or other digital content.
Examples of DBMS software: Microsoft Access, MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL.

Components of a Database
Tables: Store data in a structured manner.
Example: A student database with tables for student details, marks, and attendance.
Records (Rows): Contain information about a single entity.
Example: A single row in a student table may contain Name: John, Roll No: 12, Grade: A.
Fields (Columns): Store specific details about each entity.
Example: A 'Phone Number' field in a contact list.

Functions of DBMS

Reduces data redundancy.


Example: Instead of storing a student's address multiple times in different files, it is
stored once in a centralized database.
Facilitates data sharing.
Example: A company's HR and Payroll departments can access the same employee
database.
Controls data inconsistency.
Example: Ensures that a student's updated phone number is the same across all
records.
Enforces standards.
Ensures data security.
Example: Bank databases require login authentication to protect customer information.
Maintains data integrity.

Database Objects in MS Access

Table: Stores and organizes data.


Example: A product table in an e-commerce database.
Query: Retrieves data from the database.
Example: Finding all students who scored above 90%.
Forms: A graphical interface for user interaction.
Example: A login form on a website.
Reports: Presents retrieved data in a formatted manner.
Example: A school generating a report card for students.

Data Types in Databases

Each field requires a data type that determines how data is stored, displayed, and
manipulated.
Examples of data types:
Text: For names, addresses (e.g., "John Doe").
Number: For numerical values (e.g., "Age: 16").
Date/Time: For storing dates and time (e.g., "Birthdate: 12/05/2010").
Boolean: For Yes/No values (e.g., "Is Member? Yes").

Primary Key (PK)

A field that uniquely identifies each record in a table.


Ensures that values are never repeated.
Examples:
Student Database: Student ID
Employee Database: Employee ID
Library Books Database: ISBN (International Standard Book Number)

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