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Probability and Stats

The document contains a series of mathematical problems related to probability, statistics, and data analysis. It includes questions about calculating probabilities for various scenarios, finding means, medians, variances, and understanding distributions. Additionally, it addresses concepts such as odds, sample spaces, and expected values.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
84 views30 pages

Probability and Stats

The document contains a series of mathematical problems related to probability, statistics, and data analysis. It includes questions about calculating probabilities for various scenarios, finding means, medians, variances, and understanding distributions. Additionally, it addresses concepts such as odds, sample spaces, and expected values.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Find the probability of getting a prime number thrice by tossing a die 5


times.

2. If seven fair coins are simultaneously tossed in the air, what is the
probability that at least one will land heads up?

3. The scores of a student in six examinations were 70, 84, 81, 79, 88, 92.
Find the median.

4. What is the sample variance of the following numbers?


2,4,6,8,10,12,14

5. A sample space containing an infinite number of possibilities equal to


the number of points on a line segment.

6. A bag contains 5 red balls and 6 white balls. If 4 balls are drawn in
succession without replacement, find the probability that the balls
drawn are all o fte same color.

7. Find the standard deviation of 8,7,12,4,9.

8. For the frequency distribution at the right, the relative frequency for 17
is

9. There are three candidates A,B and C for mayor of a certain town. If
the odds that A will win are 7:5 and those of B are 1:3, what is the
probability that candidate C will win?

10. For boys, the average number of absences in the first grade is 15
with a standard deviation of 7; for girls, the average number of
absences is 10 with a standard deviation of 6. In a nationwide survey,
suppose 100 boys and 50 girls are sampled. What is the probability
that the male sample will have at most three more days of absences
than the female sample?

11. In how many ways can you line up 5 persons to get up a bus
when person A and B will not follow each other?

12. The average of six scores is 38. If the highest score is removed,
the average of the remaining scores is 18.2. Find the highest score.

13. For the data collection shown at the right, P 30 is

14. For the data at the right, the minimum is

15. 100 random samples were taken from a large population. A


particular numerical characteristic of sampled items was measured.
The results of the measurments were as follows: (image) The smallest
value was 0.859, and the largest value was 0.958. The sum of all 100
measurements was 91.170. Except those noted, no measurements
occured more than twice. What is the mean of the measurements?

16. The overall proportions of defective items in a continuous


production process is 0.12. What is the probability that two randomly
chosen items will both be nondefective?

17. How many different ways can you arrange the letters X, Y, and
Z?
18. The number of permulation of n distinct objects arranged in a
circle is:

19. An arrangement regardless of the order.

20. The required probability that a two-stage rocket will perform


successfully is 0.97. The reliability for the first stage is 0.99. The
reliabilities of the two stages are independent. What must be the
reliability for the second stage?

21. The odds for the occurrence of an event are s:f. This ratio means
that for every s favorable outcomes, there are f unfavorable outcomes.
What is the probability value equivalent to an odd ratio of 5:3?

22. Systematic and independent examination to determine whether


quality activities and related consults comply with planned
arrangements.

23. There are 50 tickets in a lottery in which there is a first and


second prize. What is the probability of a man drawing a prize if he
owns 5 tickets?

24. From a bag containing 4 black balls and 5 white balls, two balls
are drawn one at a time. Find the probability that both balls are white.
Assume that the first balls is returned before the second ball is drawn.

25. A box contains 7 tickets, numbered from 1 to 7 inclusive. If 3


tickets are drawn from the box, one at a time, determine the
probability that the tickets drawn are odd,even,odd.

26. Out of 50 numbers, 8 were 10's, 12 were 7's, 15 were 16's, 10


were 9's and the remaining numbers were 10's. Find the mean.
Out of 50 numbers, 8 were 10's, 12 were 7's, 15 were 16's, 10 were 9's
and the remaining numbers were 10's. Find the mean.

27. Three bolts and three nuts are put in a box. If two parts are
chosen at random, find the probability that one is a bolt and one is a
nut

28. The distribution of a normal random variable with mean zero and
variance one.

29. When a record is made of an actual measured quality


characteristic, the quality is said to be expressed by

30. One box contains 5 marbles and 2 blocks and a second box
contains 1 marbles and 3 blocks. If an object is taken from one of two
boxes at random, what is the probability that it is a block?

31. A person draws 3 balls in succession from a box containing 5 red


balls, 6 yellow balls, and 7 green balls. Find the probability of drawing
the balls in the order red, yellow and green.
A person draws 3 balls in succession from a box containing 5 red balls,
6 yellow balss and 7 green balls. Find the probability of drawing the
balls in the order red, yellow and green.
32. In how many ways can 5 different trees be planted in a circle?

33. Find the root mean square of 2.7, 3.8, 3.2 and 4.3.

34. If the sum of the square of 5 numbers is 130 and their standard
deviation is equal to the square root of 2.96, find their arithmetic
mean.

35. The probability of a certain event is 2/7 and the probability of


another independent of the first is 6/11. Find the probability that at
least one event will happen.

36. Four fair coins are tossed at once. What is the probability of
obtaining three heads and one tail?

37. For the following given data: 12, 0, 45, 16, 31, 45, 45, 22, 25, 27,
and 28 the median is

38. During the Gulf War, a US submarine disposed off 4 torpedoes


each with a probability of 0.25 of hitting a hip? What is the probability
of hitting an enemy ship?

39. Below, the cumulative frequency plot shows height (in inches) of
college basketball players.
40. In a dice game, one fair dice is used. The player wins P20 if he
rolls either 1 or 6. He loses P10 if he turns up any other face. What is
the expected winning for one roll of the dice?

41. The probability of getting a credit in an examination is 1/3. If


three students are selected at random, what is the probability that at
least one of the students will get credit?
The probability of getting a credit in an examination is 1/3. If 3
students are selected at random, what is the probability that at least
one of them get a credit?

42. This year is considered the worst year for Tiger woods. His score
for the ten tournaments he joined were: 70 72 68 75 69 70 71 75 70 67
What is his average score this year?

43. What is the harmonic mean between 3/8 and 4?

44. In a survey of randomly selected adults, 150 were ticketed for


over speeding and 140 others received illegal parking tickets. Of this
group, nobody received both a speeding ticket and a parking ticket.
The men received 100 of the speeding tickets and 90 of the parkinh
tickets. If one of these adults is randomly selected, find the probability
of selecting a man or someone ticketed for speeding.

45. In a party where there are 35 people, the ratio of females to


males is 4:3. If 2 persons are picked at random, what is the probability
tha they are of opposite sex?

46. Marie is getting married tomorrow, at an outdoor ceremony in


the desert. In recent years, it has rained only 5 days each year.
Unfortunately, the weatherman has predicted rain for tomorrow. When
it actually rains, the weatherman correctly forecasts rain 90% of the
time. When it doesn't rain, he incorrectly forecasts rain 10% of the
time. What is the probability that it will rain on the day of Marie's
wedding?

47. Find the geometric mean of 3,5,8,3,7,2.

48. Samples of aluminum-alloy channels were tested for stiffness.


The following frequency ditribution is assumed to be normal. What is
the approximate mean of the population from which tha samples were
taken?

49. A bag contains 100 balls numbered 1 to 100. One ball is drawn
from the bag. What is the probability that the number on the ball
selected will be odd or greater tha 80?

50. In a poker consisting of 5 cards, find the probability of holding


three aces.

51. A batch of computer chips includes two that are defective and
four that are acceptable. If two of these chips are randomly selected
without replacement, find the probability that both are defective.

52. How many different outcomes can occur when a coin is flipped 4
times?
53. The odds that a new product will succeed are estimated as being
5:3. Find the probability that the product will succeed.

54. A subset of appolulation

55. [No question]

56. One shot is fired from each of three guns, the probability of a hit
being 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 respectively. Find the probability of making at
least one hit.

57. What is the approximate probability of exactly two people in a


group of seven having a birthday on April 15?

The table on the left shows the joint probability distribution


between two random variables - X and Y; and the table on the
right shows the joint probability distribution between two random
variables - A and B. Which of the following statements are true?
I. X and Y are independent random variables
II. A and B are independent random variables
X
0
1
2
Y
3
0.1
0.2
0.2
4
0.1
0.2
0.2
A
0
1
2
B
3
0.1
0.2
0.2
4
0.2
0.2
0.1

58. If 15 people won prizes in the state lottery (assuming that there
are no ties), how many ways can these 15 people win first, second,
third, fourth and fifth prizes?

59. A sample consists of the values 10,18,34 and 22. Find average
deviation.

60. Find the standard deviation of the numbers: 3,5,6,7,10,12, 15


and 18.
61. If the arithmetic mean of an ungrouped data is 13.6 and their
variance is 8.24, find their root mean square.

62. A cat has a litter of seven kittens. If the probability is 0.52 that a
kitten will be female, what is the probability that exactly two of the
seven will be male?

63. If a card is drawn from a deck of 52 cards, find the probability of


getting a Jack or a black card.

64. The probability of getting a credit in an examination is 0.30. If


three students are selected at random, what is the probability that at
least one of them got a credit?

65. A man works in a company whose employees had an average


income this past year for 280,000 pesos with a standard deviation of P
30,000. How much did the man earn this past year if her z score is -
0.8?

66. The dotplot below shows the number of televisions owned by


each family on a city block.

*
*

Which of the following statements is true?


67. It is defined to be the ratio between the mean square treatment
and the mean square error.

68. Find the mean deviation of 3, 5, 7, 9

The stemplot below shows the golf scores in a recent amateur


tournament.
130

120

110

100

90

80

70

60

78

249

168

23

Which of the followingstatements are true?

I. Therange is 70.

II. The mean is 100.

III. The median is 100.


69. Five manufacturers produce a certain type of electronic tube. If
three manufacturers are selected at random, what is the probability
that the selection is exactly equal to two of the best three?

70. The probability that a basketball team will win the championship
is assessed as being 1/3. Find the odds that the team will win.

71. What is the probability on a single roll of the die, that the number
is either even or a 3?

72. Find the probability of throwing a prime number in one toss of a


die.

73. A survey of a random sample of people leaving an amusement


park showed an average expenditure of P 103 for the evening. The
average expenditure for the 20 girls in the sample was P 97 and for the
boys it was 111. How many boys are there in the sample.

74. What is the approximate probability of exactly two people in a


group of seven having the same birthday?

75. What is the sample variance of the following data? 0.50, 0.80,
0.75, 0.52, 0.60

76. Five-card stud is a poker game, in which a player is dealt 5 cards


from an ordinary deck of 52 playing cards. How many distinct poker
hands could be dealt?

The four major golf tournaments are the Master's, PGA, U.S. Open, and
British Open. The dotplot below shows how many of these tournaments
Tiger Woods won in the first decade of his professional career.
*

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006
Which of the following statements is true?

77. Find the probability of occurrence of an event if the odds that it


will occur is 3:2

78. Find the probability of throwing 11 each time in 3 tosses of two


dice.

79. Suppose X and Y are independent random variables. The


variance of X is equal to 16; and the variance of Y is equal to 9. Let Z =
X - Y. What is the standard deviation of Z?

80. The ages of all females from the freshmen students in Mapua
Institute of Technology are a

81. The probability of Juan's winning whenever he plays a certain


game is 1/3. If he plays 4 times, find the probability that he wins just
twice.

82. Three sections of a Statistic class containing 28,32 and 35


students average 83, 80 and 76, respectively on the same final
examination. What is the combined population mean for all 3 sections?

83. What is the probability of picking an orange ball and a white ball
out of a bag containing seven orange ball, eight green balls, and two
white balls?

84. The average salary for an employee at Acme Corporation is


$30,000 per year. This year, management awards the following
bonuses to every employee.

A Christmas bonus of $500.

An incentive bonus equal to 10 percent of the employee's salary.

What is the mean bonus received by employees?

85. If a subgroup size is constant, this control chart for actual


number of rejects may be used.

86. The probability that a certain ball player will get a hit in one time
is 0.30. Find the probability that in 4 times at bat, he will make exactly
one hit.

87. Jose's probability of winning a certain game whenever he plays it


is 0.25. If he plays the game 4 times, find his probability of winning just
3 times.

88. Find the standard deviation of 3,5,7,6,9.

89. A standard normal (Z) distribution is used to test a hypothesis if


the sample size is:

90. In state lottery, first prize is won if a player selects six-number


combination when six different numbers from 1 to 51 are drawn. If a
player selects one particular six-number combination, find his
probability of winning the first prize.

91. A couple plans to have 7 children. Find the probability of having


at least one girl.

92. It is used to analyzed the spread or dispersion of the process

93. For a sample of 20 children in a certain school, the number of


minutes they spend per day watching TV are as follows: 45, 25, 30, 20,
50, 24, 48, 50, 60, 23, 25, 35, 18, 30, 35, 20, 25, 18, 27, 28. The range
of these samples is________.

94. 31::Find the root mean square of 16,19,22 and 27.

95. In how many ways can 4 boys and 4 girls be seated alternately in
a row of 8 seats?

96. In a game of roulette, find the probability of betting on a winning


number if wheel includes "0" and "1" through "36".

97. Any function of the random variables constituting a random


sample.

98. Over a period of 4 consecutive years an employee has received


7.2,8.6,6.9, and 9.8% annual increases. The ratios therefore of each
new salary to the previous salary are 1.072, 1.086,1.098. Find the
geomatric mean of these 4 ratios and then determine the average
percent increase for this employee over the 4 year period.

99. Jose is taking two final exams in English and in Math. The
probability that he will pass the English exam is 0.75 and the
probability that he will pass either the English or the Math exam is
0.90. What is the probability that he will pass both exams?

100. Find the value of n if nP6 = 3nP5.

101. A sample space containing an infinite number of possibilities


equal to the number of points on a line segment.

102. On a vacation trip, a family travels 500 km each day. If the trip
lasts 3 days and the family averages 80 kilometers per hour the first
day, 93 kilometers per hour on the second day and 87 kilometers per
hoyr the third day, find the average speed of the entire trip.

103. An urn contains 6 red marbles and 4 black marbles. Two marbles
are drawn without replacement from the urn. What is the probability
that both of the marbles are black?

104. In how many different ways can a true false cinsisting of 9


questions be answered?

105. The IQ of all sophomore students in Rizal High School are


106. Given the eight number summary (at the right) for a collection of
data, the IQR is

107. This type of curve gives the probabilities of acceptance for


various fraction defective as a function of the lot quality of finite lots.

108. Suppose a die is tossed 5 times. What is the probability of


getting exactly 2 fours?

109. What is the probability of drawing a face card on the first


selection from a deck of 52 cards and without replacement, drawing an
ace on the second selection?

110. A group of 3 people enter a theater after the lights had dimmed.
They are shown to the correct group of 3 seats by the usher. Each
person holds a number stub. What is the probability that each is in the
correct seat according to the number on seat and stub?

111. wo cards are drawn in succession from a deck without


replacement. What is the probability that both cards are greater than 2
and less than 8?

112. Find the variance of 11, 13, 16, 18, 20, 22.

113. 100 random samples were taken from a large population. A


particular numerical characteristic of sampled items was measured.
The results of the measurements were as follows: (image)
The smallest value was 0.859, and the largest value was 0.958. The
sum of all 100 measurements was 91.170. Except those noted, no
measurements occurred more than twice.
What is the median of the measurements?

114. If median = 57.22 and the mean = 55.78, find the mode by using
the empirical formula.

115. Distribution that lacks symmetry with respect to a vertical axis.

116. In continuing the use of control charts, possible action on the


process can be:

117. A t distribution is used to test hypothesis if the sample size is:

118. The set of all possible outcomes of a statistical experiment.

119. If six coins are tossed together, find the probability of tossing at
most two heads.

120. The probability distribution of a statistic.

121. When it is operating properly, a chemical plant has a daily


production rate that is normally distributed wuth a mean of 880
tons/day and a standard deviation of 21 tons/day. During an analysis
period, the output is measured with random sampling on 50
consecutive days, and the mean output is found to be 871 tons/day.
With a 95 percent confidence level, determine if the plant is operating
properly.

122. A point P is selected at random inside a circle. Find the


probability that the point P is closer to the center of the circle than to
its circumference.

123. Find the sum of 1 + 13 + 2 + 23 + 3 + 33 + …….+ 20 + 203

124. For the data collection shown at the right, P 30 is

125. The water content of soil from a borrow site is normally ditributed
with a mean of 14.2% and a standard deviation of 2.3%. What is the
probability that a sample taken from the site will have a water content
above 16% or below 12%?

126. In a group of 10 boys and 15 girls, how many selections of a students are possible
if it is composed of 2 boys and 4 girls?

127. There are 13 teams in a tournament. Each team is to play with


each other only once. What is the minimum number of days can they
all play without any team playing more than one game in any day?

128. There are 50 tickets in a lottery in which there is a first prize and
a second prize. What is te probability of a man drawing a prize if the
owns 5 tickets?

129. A student goes to the library. The probability that she checks out
(a) a work of fiction is 0.40, (b) a work of non-fiction is 0.30, , and (c)
both fiction and non-fiction is 0.20. What is the probability that the
student checks out a work of fiction, non-fiction, or both?

130. The odds that a reviewee will not pass a board exam are 1:4.
Find the probability that the will pass the exam.

131. An engineering board exam consists of three subjects. If the


probability of an examinee in passing each subject is 0.75, what is the
probability that the examinee will pass at least two subjects?

132. The distribution of a normal random variable with mean zero and
variance one.

133. If two dice are tossed, what is the probability of getting a 4 on


the first die and an odd number on the second die?

134. Find the number of ways in which 4 boys and 4 girls can be
seated in a row if the boys and girls are to have alternate seats?

135. Five discs in a bag are numbered 1,2,3,4 and 5. What is the
probability that the sum of the numbers on 3 discs is greater than 10?

136. An article that does not conform to specifications in some respect


can be described as:

137. A public opinion survey explored the relationship between age


and support for increasing the minimum wage. The results are
summarized in the two-way table to the right. In the 21 to 40 age
group, what percentage supports increasing the minimum wage?
For

Against
No opinion

Total

21 - 40

25

20

50

41 - 60

20

35

20

75

Over 60

55

15

75

Total

100

70

30

200

138. A card is drawn from a deck of 52 cards. Find the probability of


drawing a king or a red card.
139. Two boys A and B work independently on a puzzle. If the
probability that A can solve the puzzle is 3/5 and that of B is 3/4. What
is the probability that the solution will be found?

140. The Acme Battery Company has developed a new cell phone
battery. On average, the battery lasts 60 minutes on a single charge.
The standard deviation is 4 minutes. Suppose the manufacturing
department runs a quality control test. They randomly select 7
batteries. The standard deviation of the selected batteries is 6
minutes. What would be the chi-square statistic represented by this
test?

141. Two dice are rolled. Find the probability that the sum of the
numbers on the dice is odd and the first die shows an even number.

142. In how many ways can 9 books be arranged on a self so that 5 of


the books are always together?

143. Two cards are drawn in succession from a deck without


replacement. What is the probability that both cards are greater than 2
and less than 8?

144. A box contains 4 lemons and 2 oranges. What is the probability


of obtaining 1 lemon in 3 random seletions?

145. From a box containing 6 red balls, 8 white balls and 10 blue balls,
one ball is drawn at random. Determine the probability that it is red, or
white.

146. What is the probability of throwing a total of 8 ot 11 in a single


throw of a pair of dice?
147. What is the average for a student who receives grades of 85, 76
and 82 on 3 tests and a 79 on the final examination in a certain course
if the final examination counts 3 times as much as the 3 tests?

148. A card is drawn randomly from a deck of ordinary playing cards.


You win $10 if the card is a spade or an ace. What is the probability
that you will win the game?

149. A semiconductor company will hire 7 men and 4 women. In how


many ways can the company choose from 9 men and 6 women who
qualified for the position?

150. How many permutations can be made from the letters A,B,C if all
letters are taken at a time?

151. If 15% of the bolts produced by a machine will be defective,


determine the probability that out of 5 both chosen at random, at most
2 bolts will defective.

152. Find the mean of the score: 28,18,10,6,12,14,17,18,20,13,17,15.

153. If the sum of the squares of 10 numbers is 645 and their


standard deviation is 2.87, find their arithmetic mean?

154. The probablility that a Filipino boxer will win a silver medal is
0.40. Find the probability that out of 5 Filipino boxers, at least one will
win the silver.
155. Which of the following is said to be an unbiased estimator of the
population mean.

156. I. One college student read seven books. II. The college median is
equal to the high school median. III. The mean is greater than the
median in both groups.

157. In horse racing, a trifecta is a type of bet. To win a trifecta bet,


you need to specify the horses that finish in the top three spots in the
exact order in which they finish. If eight horses enter the race, how
many different ways can they finish in the top three spots?

158. Four friends take an IQ test. Their scores are 96, 100, 106, 114.
Which of the following statements is true?
following statements is true?

I. The mean is 103

II. The mean is 104.

III. The median is 100

IV. The median is 106.

159. Four groups of students consisting of 10,15,18 and 20 individuals


reported mean weights of 74,67,70 and 64 kg respectively. Find the
mean weight of the students.

160. A basket contains 3 apples and 2 oranges. Another basket


contains 2 apples and 5 oranges. A boy selected a basket at random
and picked a fruit and then placed it on the other basket. Then another
fruit is picked from the second basket. Find the probability that both
fruits he picked are of the same kind.

161. The stemplot below shows the number of hot dogs eaten by
contestants in a recent hot dog eating contest
80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

47

226

025799

579

79

Which of the followingstatements are true?

I. The range is 70.

II. The median is 46.

162. The number of children a woman has is


163. In a group of 10 boys and 15 girls. How many selections of 6
students are possible?

164. How many are there to select 3 candidates from 8 equally


qualified recent graduates from opening in an Engineering Firm?

165. David attempts to shoot two free throws after being fouled in a
basketball game. The probability that the first attempt is successful
0.70. The probability that David is successful on the second attempt is
0.45. If David is successful on the first attempt, what is the probability
that he makes the second attempt?

166. If a card is drawn from a deck of 52 cards, find the probability


that it will be a Jack or a black card?

167. What is the probability of obtaining 45 or fewer heads in 100


tosses of a coin?

168. If P(A) is the probability of the occurrence of an event A, then


P(A) is the probability of the non-occurrence of A. Suppose P(A) = 0.90
and P(B') = 0.20. Find P(A and B).

169. Consists of the totality of the observations with which we are


concerned.

170. A bag contains 10 red balls, 30 white balls, 20 black balls and 15
yellow balls. If two balls are drawn, replacement being made after each
drawing, find the probability that only one is a red ball.

171. Suppose we randomly select 5 cards without replacement from


an ordinary deck of playing cards. What is the probability of getting
exactly 2 red cards (i.e., hearts or diamonds)?

172. It is used in two-sample situations to draw inferences about the


population variances.

173. Out of a sample of 10,000 men, the probability that a man picked
at random weighs over 86 kg is 0.25. The probability that a man
weighs less than 61 kg. Is 0.15. What is the probability that a man
picked at random weighs between 61 and 86 kg.

174. Molly earned a score of 940 on a national achievement test. The


mean test score was 850 with a standard deviation of 100. What
proportion of students had a higher score than Molly?

175. What are the odds in favor of obtaining at least 4 heads when a
coin is tossed 5 times?

176. What value(s) of x will satisfy the equation x 2 - 4 = 0?

177. Permutations that occur by arranging objects in a circle.

178. For the data shown at the right, what is the average passing
percentage of CE Board Exam last year?

179. Data consisting of 10 observations were taken from two diffirent


samples. The results indicated a mean x1 = 12.5 and mean x2 = 4.5.
These date were subjected to hypothesis testing and the computed t
value is greater than the critical t value. This means that:
180. The height of a male college volleyball athlete from Mapua is

181.

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