COMA LAB (203124210)

CSE Semester - III T07D22CYBER101

INDEX
Sr. Page
Date Experiment Name Sign
No. No.

1 Write a program to add two 8-bit numbers. 2-3

Write a program to find one’s complement and two’s

2 4-5
complement of 8-bit numbers.

Write a program to perform 16-bit addition of two

3 numbers. 6-7

Write a program to multiply two 8-bit numbers using

4 8-9
addition.

Write an ALP to transfer a block of data from memory

5 10-12
location 2010H to 2080H.
Write a program to perform addition of 6 bytes of data
stored at memory location starting from 2050H.Use
6 register B to save carry generated while performing 13–14
addition. Display sum and carry at consecutive
locations 2070H and 2071H.

[A] Write a program to find the largest number of given

two 8-bit numbers at 2050H & 2051H memory location.
Store the result at 2060H.
7 15-20
[B] Write a program to find the largest number in a
set of 8 readings stored at 2050H. Display the number
at
2060H.
Write a program to arrange the numbers in ascending
order. The numbers are stored at 2050H onwards. [5
8 21-23
numbers]

Write a program to convert a number from BCD to

9 24-26
Binary.

Write a program to convert from binary to ASCII

10 27-29

11 Introduction to 8086 Microprocessor. 30-32

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PRACTICAL-1
AIM: Write a program to add two 8-bit numbers.
PROGRAM:

LDA2500h

MOV B,A

LDA 2501h
ADD B

STA 2505h
HLT

INPUTS:
2500H: 35H
2501H: 23H

OUTPUT:
2505H: 58H

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OUTPUT SIMULATION WINDOW:

CONCLUSION:

Thus I verified the output of addition of two 8 bit numbers and verified the stored the results in output
memory locations.

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PRACTICAL-2
AIM: Write a program to find one’s complement and two’s complement of 8-bit numbers.
PROGRAM:

LDA
2050H

CMA
MOV C,A
STA 2052H
ADI 01H
MOV E,A
STA 2053H
HLT

INPUT:
2050H: 35H
2052H: ?
2053H: ?

OUTPUT:
2052H: CAH
2053H: CBH

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OUTPUT SIMULATION WINDOW:

CONCLUSION:

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PRACTICAL-3
AIM: Write a program to perform 16-bit addition of two numbers.
PROGRAM:

LHLD 2050H
XCHG
LHLD
2052H DAD
D SHLD
3050H HLT

Input: 2050H: 02H

2051H: 20H

2052H:
25H
2053H:
36H

Output: 3050H: 27H

3051H: 56H

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OUTPUT SIMULATION WINDOW:

CONCLUSION:

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PRACTICAL-4
AIM: Write a program to multiply two 8-bit numbers using addition.

PROGRAM: To multiply two numbers: 5 and 3.

LDA 2200H
MOV B,A
LDA2201H
MOV C,A
Back: ADD B
DCR C
JNZ back
STA 2050H
HLT

INPUTS:
2050H: 03H
2050H: 05H
2050H: ?

OUTPUT:
2050H: 0FH

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OUTPUT SIMULATION WINDOW:

CONCLUSION:

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PRACTICAL-5

AIM: Write an ALP to transfer a block of data from memory location 2010H to 2080H.

PROGRAM:

LXI H,2010H
LXI D,2080H
MVI C,10H
VISH1: MOV A,C
STAX D
INX H
INX D
DCR C
JNZ VISH1
HLT

INPUT: 2010H:
A2 2011H:
63H
2012H: 41H
2013H: 2DH
2014H: 3EH
2015H: FFH
2017H: 15H
2018H: F3H
2019H: EFH
201AH: 6CH
201BH: FCH
201CH: BCH
201DH: E1H
201EH:03H
201FH: E0H

OUTPUT: 2080H:
10H
2081H:
0FH
2082H: 0EH
2083H: 0DH
2084H: 0CH
2085H: 0BH
2086H: 0AH
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2087H: 09H

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2088H: 08H
2089H: 07H
208AH: 06H
208BH: 05H
208CH: 04H
208DH: 03H
208EH: 02H
208FH: 01H

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OUTPUT SIMULATION WINDOW:

CONCLUSION:

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PRACTICAL-6

AIM: Write a program to perform addition of 6 bytes of data stored at memory location
starting from 2050H.Use register B to save carry generated while performing addition.
Display sum and carry at consecutive locations 2070H and 2071H.

PROGRAM:

MVI A,00H
MOV B,A
LXI
H,2050H
MVI C,06H
nxtbyte: ADD M
JNC nxtmem
INR B
nxtmem: INX H
DCR C
JNZ nxtbyte
LXI H,2070H
MOV M,A
INX H
MOV M,B
HLT

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INPUT: 2050H:
08H
2051H:
10H
2052H: 3AH
2053H: 47H
2054H: 4BH
2055H: 68H

OUTPUT: 2070H:
4CH
2071H: 01H

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OUTPUT SIMULATION WINDOW:

CONCLUSION:

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PRACTICAL-7

(A)
AIM: Write a program to find the largest number of given two 8-bit numbers at 2050H &
2051H memory location. Store the result at 2060H.

PROGRAM:

LXI H,2050H
MOV A,M
INX H
CMP M
JNC NXT
MOV
A,M
NXT: STA
2060H
HLT

INPUT: 2050H:
6AH 2051H:
F4H

OUTPUT: 2060H: F4H

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OUTPUT SIMULATION WINDOW:

CONCLUSION:

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PRACTICAL-7 (B)

AIM: Write a program to find the largest number in a set of 8 readings stored at 2050H.
Display the number at 2060H.

PROGRAM:

LXI H,2050H
MVI C,08H
MVI B,00H
NXT1: MOV A,M
CMP B
JNC
NEXT
MOV B,A
NEXT: INX H
DCR C
JNZ
NXT1
MOV A,B
STA 2060H
HLT

OBSERVATIONS:
Input:
2050H: 22H
2051H: 2FH
2052H: 6DH
2053H: 13H
2054H: 2AH
2055H: 9EH
2056H: EAH
2057H: 08H

Output:

2060H: EAH

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OUTPUT SIMULATION WINDOW:

CONCLUSION:

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PRACTICAL-8
AIM: Write a program to arrange the numbers in ascending order. The numbers are stored
at 2050H onwards. [5 numbers]

PROGRAM:

LXI
H,4200H
MOV C,M
DCR C

REPEAT: MOV D,C

LXI H,4201H

LOOP: MOV A,M

INX H
CMP M
JC SKIP
MOV
B,M
MOV
M,A DCX
H MOV
M,B INX
H

SKIP: DCR D
JNZ
LOOP
DCR C
JNZ REPEAT
HLT

INPUT: 4200H: 05(Array

size) 4201H: 05H
4202H: 04H
4203H: 03H
4204H: 01H
4205H: 02H

OUTPUT: 4200H: 05(Array Size)

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4201H: 01H
4202H: 02H
4203H: 03H
4204H: 04H
4205H: 05H

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OUTPUT SIMULATION WINDOW:

CONCLUSION:

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PRACTICAL-9
AIM: Write a program to convert a number from BCD to Binary.

PROGRAM:

LDA 2010H
MOV B,A
ANI 0FH
MOV C,A
MOV A,B
ANI 0F0H
JZ SKIPMUL
RRC
RR
C
RR
C
RR
C
MOV D,A
XRA A
MVI
E,0AH
SUM: ADD D
DCR E
JNZ
SUM
SKIPMUL: ADD C
STA 2020H
HLT

INPUT: 2010H: 50H

OUTPUT: 2020H: 32H

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OUTPUT SIMULATION WINDOW:

CONCLUSION:

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PRACTICAL-10

AIM: Write a program to convert from binary to ASCII.

PROGRAM:

LXI
H,8000H
MOV A,M
MOV B,A
STC
CMC
SUI
0AH JC
NUM
ADI
41H
JMP STORE
NUM: MOV A,B
ADI 30H
STORE:INX H
MOV M,A
HLT

INPUT: 8000H: 0FH

OUTPUT: 8001H: 46H

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OUTPUT SIMULATION WINDOW:

CONCLUSION:

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PRACTICAL-11

AIM: Introduction to 8086 Microprocessor.

Features of 8086
• 8086 is a 16bit processor. It’s ALU, internal registers works with 16bit binary word.
• 8086 has a 16bit data bus. It can read or write data to a memory/port
either 16bits or 8 bit at a time
• 8086 has a 20bit address bus which means, it can address upto
1MBmemory location
• Frequency range of 8086 is 6-10 MH.

Pin Diagram of 8086Microprocessor

Architecture of 8086 Microprocessor

1=main & index registers; 2=segment registers and IP; 3=address adder; 4=internal
address bus; 5=instruction queue; 6=control unit (very simplified!); 7=bus interface;
8=internal databus; 9=ALU; 10/11/12=external address/data/control bus.

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Registers
The 8086 has eight more or less general 16-bit registers (including the
stack pointer but excluding the instruction pointer, flag register and segment
registers). Four of them, AX, BX, CX, DX, can also be accessed as twice as many 8-
bit registers while the other four, BP, SI, DI, SP, are 16-bit only.
A 64 KB (one segment) stack growing towards lower addresses is
supported in hardware; 16-bit words are pushed onto the stack, and the top of
the stack is pointed to by SS:SP. There are 256 interrupts, which can be invoked
by both hardware and software. The interrupts can cascade, using the stack to
store the return addresses.
The 8086 has 64 K of 8-bit (or alternatively 32 K of 16-bit word) I/O port space.

Flags
8086 has a 16-bit flags register. Nine of these condition code flags are active, and
indicate the current state of the processor: Carry flag (CF), Parity flag (PF), Auxiliary carry
flag(AF), Zero flag (ZF), Sign flag (SF), Trap flag (TF), Interrupt flag (IF), Direction flag (DF), and
Overflow flag (OF).

Segmentation
There are also four 16-bit segment registers that allow the 8086 CPU to access
one megabyte of memory in an unusual way. Rather than concatenating the segment
register with the address register, as in most processors whose address space exceeded
their register size, the 8086 shifts the 16-bit segment only four bits left before adding it to
the 16-bit offset (16×segment + offset), therefore producing a 20-bit external (or effective
or physical) address from the 32-bit segment: offset pair. As a result, each external
address can be referred to by 212 = 4096 different segment: offset pairs.

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Types of Instruction Set

• Data Transfer Instructions
• Arithmetic Instructions
• Logical Instructions
• Shift and Rotate Instructions
• Transfer Instructions
• Subroutine and Interrupt Instructions
• String Instructions
• Processor Control Instructions

Conclusion:
We have studied the basic structure of the 8086 microprocessor.

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