v) Negation of p → ( p˅ ̴ q) is

a) ̴ p → ( ̴ p ˅ q)
b) p ˄ ( ̴ p ˄ q )
c) ̴ p ˅ ( ̴ p ˅ ̴ q)
d) ̴ p → ( ̴ p → q )
vi) If p : He is intelligent
q : He is strong
Then, symbolic form of statement “It is wrong that, he is
intelligent or strong “ is
a) ̴ p ˅ ̴ q
b) ̴ ( p ˄ q)
c) ̴ ( p ˅ q)
d) p ˅ ̴ q
vii) A biconditional statement is the conjunction of two ---------------
statements
a) Negative
b) Compound
c) Connective
d) Conditional
viii) If p → q is an implication , then the implication ̴ q → ̴ p is
called its
a) Converse
b) Contrapositive
c) Inverse
d) Alternative

ix) The dual of the statement (p ˅ q) ˄ ( r ˅ s)

a) ( p ˄ q) ˄ ( r ˄ s)
b) ( p ˄ q) ˅ ( r ˄ s)
c) ( p ˅ q) ˅ ( r ˅ s)
d) ( p v q) ˄ ( r ˅ s)
x) The false statement in the following is
 a) p ˄ ( ̴ p) is contradiction
b) ( p → q ) ↔ ( ̴ q → ̴ p ) is a contradiction
c) ̴ ( ̴ p ) ↔ p is a tautology
d) p ˅ ( ̴ p ) ↔ p is a tautology
Q 2 ) State whether the given statements are true or false
i) The negation of 10 + 20 = 30 is, it is false that 10 + 20 ≠ 30
ii) x2 = 25 is true statement
iii) p → q is equivalent to p → ̴ q
iv) Truth value of √3 is not an irrational number is F
v) (p ˅ q) ˄ ̴ p is a contradiction
vi) p ↔ q is false when p and q have different truth values
vii) The dual of ( p ˄ q ) ˅ ̴ q is ( p ˅ q) ˄ ̴ q
viii) Mathematical identities are true statements
ix) p˅̴p ≡ ̴c
x) The converse of inverse of ̴ p → q is q → ̴ p
Q3) Fill in the following blanks
i) Conjunction of two statement pattern p and q is symbolically
written as -------
ii) Negation of “Some men are animal “ is -------------------
iii) The truth value of negation of “ London is in England “ is ----
-------
iv) The truth value of the statement “ Neither 27 is a prime
number nor divisible by 4” is ----------
v) The contrapositive of p → ̴ q is -------------
Q4) Answer the following questions
i) Write the negation of the statement “ An angle is a right angle
if and only if it is of measure 900”
ii) Write the following statements in symbolic form
a) Milk is white if and only if the sky is not blue
b) If Kutab – Minar is in Delhi then Taj- Mahal is in Agra
 c) Even though it is not cloudy , it is still raining
iii) Use quantifiers to convert the given open sentence defined on N
into a true statement
a) n2 ≥ 1
b) 3x – 4 < 9
c) Y + 4 > 6
iv) Examine whether the statement pattern is a tautology,
contradiction or contingency
( p ˄ ̴ q) → ( ̴ p ˄ ̴ q)

v) Using truth table prove that ̴ p ˄ q ≡ ( p ˅ q ) ˄ ̴ p

vi) Write the dual of the following

a) 13 is prime number and India is a democratic country
b ) ( p ˄ ̴ q ) ˅ ( ̴ p ˄ q ) ≡ ( p ˅q ) ˄ ̴ ( p ˄ q)
vii) Write the converse, inverse and contrapositive of the statement
“If it snows, then they do not drive the car”

Q5) Answer the following questions

i) Examine whether the statement pattern
[p→ ( ̴ q ˅ r)] ↔ ̴ [ p → ( q → r)] is a tautology, contradiction or
contingency.
ii) Using truth table prove that p ˅ (q ˄ r) ≡ ( p ˅q) ˄ ( p ˅ r)
iii) Without using truth table show that
( p ˅ q) ˄ ( ̴ p v ̴ q) ≡ ( p v ̴ q ) ˄ ( ̴ p v q )
iv) With proper justification state the negation of
( p ↔ q) v ( ̴ q → ̴ r )
v) Prepare truth table for ( p ˄ q) v ̴ r
 vi ) If p ↔ q and p → q both are true then find truth values of the
following with the help of activity.
a) P ˅ q
b) P ˄ q
p ↔ q and p → q both are true if p and q has truth value or

Pvq

i) If both p and q are true then p v q = ˅ =

ii) If both p and q are false , then p v q = v =

P˄q

i) If both p and q are true then p ˄ q = ˄ =

ii) If both p and q are false then p ˄ q = ˄ =
˄

vii ) Given following statements

P : 9 x 5 = 45
q : Pune is in Maharashtra
r : 3 is the smallest prime number

Write truth values by activity

 i) (p˄q)˄r=( ˄ )˄
= ˄
=

ii) ̴(p˄r) = ̴( ˄ )
= ̴
=

iii ) p→q = →

viii) Complete the truth table

p q r q→r r→p (q→r)v ( r→p)

T T T T T
T T F F
T F T T T
T F F T
F T T F T
F T F T
F F T F T
F F F T

The given statement pattern is

 2. MATRICES

I) Select an appropriate option and write it on blank space

along with their alphabet code. [1 marks each]

1) 6 0 
If A  is a scalar matrix then the value of p and q are
p q 
______.
a) 6 and 0 b) 0 and 6 c) 5 and 6 d) 0 and 1

2)  6 3
If B  is singular matrix then the value of k is_____.
 2 k 
a) -1 b)2 c) 0 d) 1

 3 
1 5
x
If A   y  5  7 is a symmetric matrix then the value of x
3)  
 4  7 0 
 
and y are _______.
a) 3 and 4 b) 5 and -4 c) 3
and -4 d) -4 and 3
5 3 5 5

4) 2
3 2 1 2  ____.
  1
a) [ 2 ] b) 1 c) [ 1 ] d) 2

5) 2 0
If A  then A 2  3I =_____.
0 2
a) O b) I c) A d) 3A

6) For any square matrix B, matrix B  B T is ____.

a) Null matrix b) Identity matrix c) Symmetric matrix d)
Skew symmetric matrix
7) If A and B are two square matrices of order 3, then (AB) T =
____.
a) B T . AT b) AT B T c) ( BA) T d) I

8) 1 2 
If A  then adj(A) = ____.
2  1
1  2   1 2   1  2 1 2
a) 2  1  b)  2 1  c)  2 1  d)  2  1
       

9) If A is a non singular matrix of order 3 then adj(A) = ____.

a) A 2 b) A 3 c) 0 d) 1

10) If A 2  5A  3I  0, A 0 then A 1 = _____.

1 1 1
a) (A  5I) b) (A  3I) c) (A  15I) d) (I  5A)
3 5 3

II) State whether each of the following is True or False. [1

marks each]
1) If A is non singular then A  0 .
1 
2 0 2 0
Inverse of  0 3 is  1
.
  0 
2)  3
3) 3 0   x   3
If 0 2   y    2  then x= 1 and y= -1.
    

4) Every square matrix of order n can be expressed as sum of

symmetric and skew symmetric matrix.
1 2  5
5) If A   2  3 4 
 then AT  A .
 5 4 9 
  a b c 
Matrix  p r  is singular.
6)  q
2a  p 2b  q 2c  r 

2 0 0
 3  1 0 is a skew symmetric matrix.
7)  
 7 3 1

8) If O( A)  m  n and O( B )  n  p with m p then BA exist but

AB does not exist.

9) After applying elementary transformation R1  3R2 on matrix

3  2 0  12 
we get 1 .
1 4 
   4 

10) If A and B are two square matrices such that AB=BA then
(A  B) 2  A 2  2AB  B 2 .

III) Fill in the blanks.[1 marks each]

1) If   where
A  a ij 22
a ij  i  j then A= ______.

2) In a Skew symmetric matrix, all diagonal elements are ____.

3) 1  2 1  3 
If A  , B  then A-3B= _____.
5 3  4  7 

1 2
 4 3 2  
4) If A  , B   1 0  then AB  ___ .
  1 2 0   1  2
5) 1 2 
The value of Cofactor of element a21 in matrix A  is
5  8
____.

6)  2  2
The value of Minor of element b22 in matrix B  is
4 5 
____.

7) If matrix form of given equations 3x  y  1 and y  4x  6 is

   
AX  B then A   .
   

8) The suitable elementary row transformation which will

1 0 
reduce the matrix 2 1 into identity matrix is _____.
 

 2 0 0
9) If A  0 1 0 then adj(A)  ___ .
0 0 1

10) 7 0 
If A is a square matrix of order 2 such that A(adj A)   
0 7 
then A  ____.

Solve the following………3 MARKS

1 2  2 a
If A  , B  and (A  B) 2  A 2  B 2 then find the
1)   1  2  1 b 
value of a and b.
  6  6 0
Find matrices A and B, if 2A  B    and
2)  4 2 1
 3 2 8
A  2B   .
 2 1 7 

 3 1
If A , then prove that A 2  5A  7I  O where I is unit
3)   1 2
matrix of order 2.

 3  2
Find k, if A  and A 2  kA  2I , where I is identity
4)  4  2
matrix of order 2.

2 1 
0 3 5 
5) If A  0 3  and B , then verify BA T  A T BT .
1  1 1  7 2

3 1 5
6) Find the inverse of matrix B  2 7 8 by using adjoint
1 2 5
method.

3 1 1 2 
If A  and B  then verify AB  A B .
7) 1 5 5  2

1 3 3
8) If A  3 1 3 then show that A2  5 A is a scalar matrix.
3 3 1

4 MARKS

1 0 1
1) Find the inverse of matrix A  0 2 3 by using elementary
1 2 1
 row transformation.

2) Solve the following equations by using method of inversion.

4 x  3 y  2  0, 3x  4 y  6  0 .

3) Solve the following equations by method of reduction

x  3 y  z  2, 3x  y  z  1, 5x  y  3z  3.

4) The sum of three numbers is 6. If we multiply third number

by 3 and add it the second number we get 11. By the adding
first and third number we get a number which is double the
second number. Use this information and find a system of
linear equations. Find the three number using matrices.

5) The total Cost of 3 T.V and 2 V.C.R is ₹ 35000. The

shopkeeper wants profit of ₹1000 per T.V and ₹ 500 per
V.C.R. He sell 2 T.V. and 1 VCR and he gets total revenue
as ₹21500. Find the cost and selling price of T.V and V.C.R.

ACTIVITIES.

1) Complete the following activity toverify A. adj(A)=det(A) I.

2 0  1
Given A  5 1 0  then
0 1 3 
A  2(____)  0(____)  ( )(___)  6  0  5  ____  0

Cofactor of all elements of matrix A are

( ) ( )
A11  (1) 2 =(____),
( ) ( )
 5 ( )
A12  (1) 3  15 ,
( ) 3
5 ( )
A13  (1) 4  5,
( ) 1
A21  _____, A22  _____, A23  _____,

( ) ( )
A31  (1) 4 =(____),
( ) ( )
2 ( )
A32  (1) 5  ( ),
( ) 0
2 ( )
A33  (1) 6  2.
( ) 1
 3 ___ ____
Cofactor of matrix A=  ___ ___  2  ,
 1 ___ __ 
 __ __ __ 
adj(A)=  __ __ __ 
 __ __ __ 

2 0  1  ( )  1 1   1 0 ( )
A. adj(A)= 5 1 0  .  15 ( )  5 = ( ) ( ) ( ) = A I
     
0 1 3   ( )  2 ( )   0 ( ) ( )

2) Complete the following activity to find inverse of matrix

using elementary column transformation and hence verify.
2 0  1 1 0 0
5 1 0  B 1  0 1 0
   
0 1 3  0 0 1
C1  C 3
 ( ) 0  1 ( ) 0 0 
 ( ) 1 0  B 1  ( ) 1 0
   
( ) 1 3  ( ) 0 1
C3  C1
 1 0 0   1 0 ( )
( ) 1 ( )  B 1   0 1 0 
   
 3 1 ( ) ( ) 0 ( )
C1  5C 2 , C3  5C 2
1 () 0  1 0 ( )
 0 1 0  B 1  ( ) 1  5
   
( ) 1 ( )  1 ( ) 2 
C1  2C3 , C 2  C3
1 0 0  3 1 ( ) 
0 1 0 B 1  ( ) 6  5
   
0 0 1  5 ( ) ( ) 

( ) ( ) ( ) 
B 1
 ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )

2 ()  1  3 ( ) ( ) 1 0 0
( ) 1 0 .  ( ) 6 ( )  0 1 0

 0 1 ( )  ( )  2 ( ) 0 0 1

3) Complete the following activity.

The cost of 4 kg potato, 3kg wheat and 2kg rice is ₹ 60. The
cost of 1 kg potato, 2 kg wheat and 3kg rice is ₹45. The cost
of 6 kg potato, 3 kg rice and 2 kg wheat is ₹ 70. Find the per
kg cost of each item by matrix method.
Solution: Let the cost of potato, wheat and rice per kg are
x, y and z respectively.
Therefore by given condition,
4 x  ( ) y  2( )  ( )
x  2 y  ( )( )  ( )
( ) x  2 y  3z  ( )
Matrix form of above equation is,
 ( ) 3 ( )  x  ( )
 1 ( ) 3   y   45
    
( ) 2 ( )  z  ( )
R1  R2
 1 2 3   x  ( ) 
( ) ( ) ( )  y    60 
    
 6 2 3   z   ( ) 
R2  4 R1 , R3  6 R1
1 2 3   x   45 
( )  5 ( )   y    ( ) 
    
 0 ( )  15  z   200 
1 1
R2 , R3
5 5
( ) 2 3   x  45
 0 ( ) 2  ( )  24
    
 0 2 ( )  z  40
R3  2R2
1 2 3   x  ( )
0 1 2   y   ( )
    
0 0  1  z  ( )
By Re multiplying we get,
x  2 y  ( ) z  ( ).......(1) y  2z  24.......(2)  z  ( )......(3)
From (3), we get, z=( )
From (2), we get, y=( )
From (1), we get, x=( )
Therefore the cost of Potato, Wheat and Rice per kg are ___,
____ and ____.

3. DIFFERENTIATION
I. Choose the correct alternatives :
 1 𝑑𝑦
1. If y = then =?
√3𝑥 2 −2𝑥−1 𝑑𝑥
−3 −3
−2 2 −3 2
a) (3x-2) (3𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 1) 2 b) (3x-2) (3𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 1) 2
3 2
−3 −3
c) (3x-1) (3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 1) 2 d) -(3x-1) (3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 1) 2
3 𝑑𝑦
2. If y = √(3𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 − 6)5 then =?
𝑑𝑥
2 2
5 2 −5 2
a) (6x + 8)(3𝑥 + 8𝑥 − 6) 3 b) (6x + 8)(3𝑥 + 8𝑥 − 6) 3
3 3
2 2
3 2 −3 2
c) (3x + 4)(3𝑥 + 8𝑥 − 6) d) 3 (3x + 4)(3𝑥 + 8𝑥 − 6) 3
5 5

3. What is the rate of change of demand (x) of a commodity with

respect to it’s
price (y) if y = 10+x+25x3
10 1
a) b)
1+75𝑥 2 1+75𝑥 2
−1
c) 1+75x2 d)
1+75𝑥 2

4. What is the rate of change of demand (x) of a commodity with respect

to it’s
3𝑥+7
price (y) if y =
2𝑥 2 +5
2 2
(2𝑥 2 +5) (2𝑥 2 +5)
a) (−6𝑥 2 −38𝑥+15)
b) (−6𝑥 2 −28𝑥+15)

2 2
(2𝑥 2 +5) (2𝑥 2 +5)
c) (6𝑥 2 d) (6𝑥 2
−28𝑥+15) −38𝑥+15)
𝑑𝑦
5. If y = 𝑥 √𝑥 then =?
𝑑𝑥
𝑦 𝑦
a) (logx+2) b) (logx+2)
2√𝑥 √𝑥
 𝑦 𝑦
c) (logx-2) d) (logx-2)
2√𝑥 √𝑥
𝑑𝑦
6. If y = (𝑥 )𝑥 + (10)𝑥 then =?
𝑑𝑥

a) 𝑥 𝑥 (1 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥) + 10𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 b) 𝑥 𝑥 (1 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥) -

10𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔10
c) 𝑥(1 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥) + 10𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 d) 𝑥 𝑥 (1 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥) +
10𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔10
𝑑𝑦
7. If xm. yn = (x+y)(m+n) then = ?
𝑑𝑥
𝑦 −𝑦
a) b)
𝑥 𝑥
𝑥 −𝑥
c) d)
𝑦 𝑦
𝑑𝑦
8. If 𝑥 𝑦 = 2𝑥−𝑦 then = ?
𝑑𝑥
𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔2−𝑦 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔2+𝑦
a) b)
𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔2𝑥 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔2𝑥
𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔2+𝑥 𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑔2−𝑥
c) d)
𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑔2𝑥 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔2𝑥
𝑑𝑦
9. If x=2am , y =2am2 where m be the parameter then = ?
𝑑𝑥

a) 2m b) -2m
c) –am d) am
1 1 𝑑𝑦
10. If x=a(𝑡 − ) , y = a(𝑡 + ) , where t be the parameter then = ?
𝑡 𝑡 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 −𝑥
a) b)
𝑦 𝑦
𝑦 −𝑦
c) d)
𝑥 𝑥
𝑑2 𝑦
11. If x= at2 , y =2at then =?
𝑑𝑥 2
 1 −1
a) b)
𝑎𝑡 3 𝑎𝑡 3
−1 1
c) d)
𝑎𝑡 2 𝑎𝑡 2

II. Fill in the blanks :

𝑑𝑦
1. If y = (5𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 − 8𝑥)9 then is………….
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
2. If y = a(1+logx) then is………….
𝑑𝑥

3. The rate of change of demand (x) of a commodity with respect to it’s

price (y)
is……..…… if y = 5+x2e-x+2x
4. The rate of change of demand (x) of a commodity with respect to it’s
price (y)
is………....... if y = xe-x+7
𝑑𝑦
5. If y = 𝑥 10 then is………….
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
6. If y = (𝑒)(2𝑥+5) then is………….
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
7.If √𝑥 + √𝑦 = √𝑎 then is………….
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
8. If differentiating 5𝑥 with respect to logx then is………….
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
9. If differentiate 𝑒 𝑥 with respect to log 𝑒 𝑥 then is………….
𝑑𝑥
𝑑2 𝑦
10. If y = x 2
then is………….
𝑑𝑥 2

III. State whether each of the following is True or False :

 𝑑𝑦
1. If y = log(logx) then = logx
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
2. If y = 10x+1 then = 10x.log10
𝑑𝑥

3. If y = x2 then the rate of change of demand (x) of a commodity with

respect to it’s
1
price (y) is
2x

4. If y = 7x+1 then the rate of change of demand (x) of a commodity

with respect to
it’s price (y) is 7
𝑑𝑦
5. If y = ex then = ex
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
6. If y = 4x then = 4x
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1 1 1
7. If √𝑥 + √𝑦 = √𝑎 then = + =
𝑑𝑥 2√𝑥 2√𝑦 2√𝑎
𝑑𝑦
8. If x2+y2 = a2 then = 2x+2y =2a
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1
9. If x= 2at , y= 2a , where t is parameter, then =
𝑑𝑥 𝑡
𝑑𝑦 1
10. If x= 5m, y= m , where m is parameter, then =
𝑑𝑥 5
𝑑2 𝑦
11. If y= ex then = ex
𝑑𝑥 2

IV. Solve the following : (3 Marks)

𝑑𝑦 2
1. Find , if y = [𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 ))]
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
2. Find , if y = (6x3-3x2-9x)10
𝑑𝑥
3. Find the rate of change of demand (x) of a commodity with respect to
it’s price (y)
5𝑥+7
if y =
2𝑥−13

4. Find the rate of change of demand (x) of a commodity with respect to

it’s price (y)
if y = 5+x2e-x+2x
𝑑𝑦
5. Find , if xy =yx
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
6. Find , if xy = log(xy)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
7. Find , if x = √1 + 𝑢2 , y = log (1+u2)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
8. If x = t.logt , y = 𝑡 𝑡 then, show that = 𝑡𝑡
𝑑𝑥
𝑑2 𝑦
9. Find if , y = 𝑒 (2𝑥+1)
𝑑𝑥 2

V. Solve the following : (4 Marks)

𝑑𝑦
1. Find , if y = (𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥) 𝑥 + (𝑥 )𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 5
2. Find , if y = √(3𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 5)4
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
3. Find , if y = xx + (7𝑥 − 1)𝑥
𝑑𝑥

4. Find rate of change of demand (x) of a commodity with respect to it’s

price (y) if
3𝑥+7
y=
2𝑥 2 +5
𝑑𝑦 𝑥
5. Find , if y = 𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
 𝑑𝑦 3 (3𝑥−1)
6. Find , if y = √(2𝑥+3)(5−𝑥)2
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑦
7. If x5.y7 = (x+y)12 then show that, =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
8. If xa.yb = (x+y)(a+b) then Show that =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
4𝑡 1−𝑡 2 𝑑𝑦 −9𝑥
9. If x =
1+𝑡 2, y = 3(
1+𝑡 2 ) then, show that 𝑑𝑥
=
4𝑦

2 2 𝑑2 𝑦 80
10. If x +6xy+y = 10 then show that =
𝑑𝑥 2 (3𝑥+𝑦)3

VI. Activity :
𝑑𝑦
1. 𝑦 = (6𝑥 4 − 5𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 + 3)6 find
𝑑𝑥

Solution :- Given
𝑦 = (6𝑥 4 − 5𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 + 3)6
Let 𝑢 = [6𝑥 4 − 5𝑥 3 + +3]
∴y=𝑢
𝑑𝑦
∴ = 6𝑢6−1
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑦
∴ = 6( ) 5
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢
And = 24𝑥 3 − 15( ) + 2
𝑑𝑥

By chain rule
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
= ×
𝑑𝑥 …. 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
∴ = 6(6𝑥 4 − 5𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 + 3) × (24𝑥 3 − 15𝑥 2 + )
𝑑𝑥

2. The rate of change of demand (x) of a commodity with respect to its

price (y), if 𝑦 = 20 + 15𝑥 + 𝑥 3
Solution :- Let 𝑦 = 20 + 15𝑥 + 𝑥 3
Diff. w.r.to x , we get
𝑑𝑦
∴ = + +
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
∴ = 15 + 3x2
𝑑𝑥

∴ By derivation of the inverse function

𝑑𝑥 1 𝑑𝑦
= , ≠0
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
1
∴ Rate of change of demand with respect to price =
+
𝑑𝑦
3. Find , 𝑖𝑓 𝑦 = 𝑥 (𝑥) + 20(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

Solution :- let 𝑦 = 𝑥 (𝑥) + 20(𝑥)

𝑥
Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣 =
∴𝑦 = 𝑢 + 𝑣
Diff. w.r.to x , we get
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
∴ = + -----------(I)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Now , 𝑢 = 𝑥𝑥
Taking log on both sides , we get
∴log 𝑢 = 𝑥 × log 𝑥
Diff. w.r.to x
1 𝑑𝑢 1
∴ =𝑥× + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 ×
𝑢 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
∴ = 𝑢[1 + log 𝑥 ]
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
∴ = 𝑥 𝑥 [1 + ]---------(II)
𝑑𝑥
 Now , v=20𝑥
Diff.w.r.to x, we get
𝑑𝑣
∴ = 20𝑥 . --------(III)
𝑑𝑡

Substituting equation (II) & (III) in equation (I) , we get

𝑑𝑦
∴ = 𝑥 𝑥 [1 + log 𝑥 ] + 20𝑥 . log(20)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
4. Find , 𝑖𝑓𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑚 , 𝑦 = 𝑒 √𝑚
𝑑𝑥

Solution :- given, 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑚 and 𝑦 = 𝑒 √𝑚

Now, 𝑦 = 𝑒 √𝑚
Diff.w.r.to m
𝑑𝑦 𝑑
∴ = 𝑒 √𝑚
𝑑𝑚 𝑑𝑚
𝑑𝑦 1
∴ = 𝑒 √𝑚 . -----------(I)
𝑑𝑚 2√𝑚

Now , x=𝑒 𝑚
Diff.w.r.to m
𝑑𝑥
∴ = --------------(II)
𝑑𝑚
𝑑𝑦⁄
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑚
Now, =
𝑑𝑥

𝑒√𝑚
∴ =
𝑒𝑚

𝑒 √𝑚
∴ =
2√𝑚.𝑒 𝑚
 4. APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVE

I) Choose the correct alternative.

1. The slope of the tangent to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 1 at the point

whose abscissa is -2, is

(a) - 8 (b) 8 (c) 16 (d) -

16

2. Slope of the normal to the curve 2x2 + 3y2 = 5 at the point (1,1) on it
is
2 2 3 3
(a) − (b) (c) (d) -
3 3 2 2

3. The function 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 100, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 is

(a) increasing for all x ∈ R, x ≠ 1 (b) decreasing

(c) Neither increasing nor decreasing (d) Decreasing for all

x ∈R, x≠ 1

4. If the marginal revenue is 28 and elasticity of demand is 3 then the

price is

(a) 24 (b) 32 (c) 36 (d)

42

5. The price P for the demand D is given as P = 183 + 120D − 3D2 ;

then the value of D for
 which price is increasing, is

(a) D < 60 (b) D > 60 (c) D < 20 (d) D > 20

6. If the elasticity of the demand 𝜂 = 1 then demand is

(a) constant (b) in elastic (c) unitary elastic (d) elastic

7. If 0 < 𝜂 < 1, then the demand is

(a) constant (b) in elastic (c) unitary elastic (d) elastic

II ) Fill in the blanks.

1. The slope of tangent at any point (a,b) is also called as .............

7
2. If the function 𝑓(𝑥 ) = − 3 , x ∈ R , x ≠ 0 is decreasing function
𝑥

then 𝑥 ∈ ……………

1 1
3. The slope of the tangent to the curve 𝑥 = , 𝑦 = 𝑡 − , at 𝑡 = 2
𝑡 𝑡

is…………

4. If the average revenue is 45 and elasticity of demand is 5 then

marginal revenues is….…

5. The total cost function for production of articles is given as C =

100 + 600𝑥 − 3𝑥 2
 then the values of x for which the total cost is decreasing is

………….

III) State whether each of the following is True or False.

1. An absolute maximum or minimum must occur at a critical point or

at an end point
3
2. The function (𝑥 ) = + 10 , 𝑥≠ 0 is decreasing
𝑥

1
3. The function (𝑥) = 𝑥 − , x ∈ R , x≠ 0 is increasing
𝑥

4. The equation of tangent to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 1 at (-1,-2) is 2x

– y = 0.

5. If the function 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 5 is increasing function then 𝑥 <

−1.

6. If the marginal revenue is 50 and the price is Rs 75 then elasticity of

demand is 4.

Solve the following

3 Marks

1. Find the equation of tangent and normal to the curve y = 3x2 - x + 1

at the point (1,3) on it.

2. Find the values of x , such that 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 3 − 15𝑥 2 + 36𝑥 + 1 is

increasing function.
3. Find the values of x such that 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 3 − 15𝑥 2 − 144𝑥 − 7 is
decreasing function.
𝑥−2
4. Show that the function (𝑥 ) = , 𝑥 ≠ −1 is increasing.
𝑥+1

5. Divide the number 20 into two parts such that their product is
maximum.

6. If the demand function is D = 50 − 3𝑝 − 𝑝2 . Find the elasticity of

demand at

(i) 𝑝 = 5 (ii) 𝑝 = 2 . Comment on the result.

𝑝+6
7. If the demand function is D = ( ). Find the elasticity of demand at
𝑝−3

𝑝 = 4.

8. The total cost of manufacturing x articles C = 47𝑥 + 300𝑥 2 − 𝑥 4 .

Find x for which average

cost is (i) increasing (ii) decreasing .

4 Marks

1. Determine the maximum and minimum values of the function 𝑓(𝑥 ) =

2𝑥 3 − 21𝑥 2 + 36𝑥 − 20

2. A rod of 108m long bent to form a rectangle. Find it’s dimensions

when it’s area is maximum.
3. Find MPC, MPS, APC and APS , if the expenditure Ec of a person
with income I is given as

Ec = (0.0003)I2 + (0.075)I when I = 1000

4. The manufacturing company produces x items at the total cost of Rs

180 + 4x . The demand

function for this product is P = (240 − 𝑥 ) . Find x for which

(i) revenue is increasing (ii) profit is increasing.

5. If 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 3 then show that the maximum value of 𝑥 2 𝑦 is 4

6. Find the equation of tangent to the curve 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 5 where the

tangent is parallel to the line

2x-y+1=0 .

7. Find the equation of normal to the curve 𝑦 = √𝑥 − 3 which is

perpendicular to the line

6x+3y-4=0

8. Find the equation of tangent of the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 at the point

whose ordinate is -3

Activity (4 Marks)
1. A metal wire of 36 cm long is bent to form a rectangle. By
completing the following activity, find it’s dimensions when it’s area is
maximum.

Solution: Let the dimension of the rectangle be x cm and y cm.

∴ 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 36

Let 𝑓(𝑥 ) be the area of rectangle in terms of 𝑥, then

𝑓(𝑥 ) =

∴ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) =

∴ 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥 ) =

For extreme values of , 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = 0 ,we get

𝑥=

∴ 𝑓 ′′ ( ) = −2 < 0

∴ Area is maximum when 𝑥 = ,𝑦=

∴ Dimension of rectangle are

2. By completing the following activity, examine the function 𝑓(𝑥 ) =

𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 2 + 24𝑥

for maxima and minima.

Solution:
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 2 + 24𝑥

∴ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) =

∴ 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥 ) =

For extreme values of , 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = 0 ,we get

𝑥= or

∴ 𝑓 ′′ ( ) = −6 < 0

∴ 𝑓(𝑥 ) is maximum at 𝑥 = 2

∴ Maximum value =

∴ 𝑓 ′′ ( )= 6>0

∴ 𝑓(𝑥 ) is maximum at 𝑥 = 4

∴ Minimum value =

3. By completing the following activity, find the values of x such that

𝑓(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 3 − 15𝑥 2 − 84𝑥 − 7 is

decreasing function.

Solution:

𝑓(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 3 − 15𝑥 2 − 84𝑥 − 7

∴ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) =

∴ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = 6 ( )( )
Since 𝑓(𝑥 ) is decreasing function

∴ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) < 0

Case1: ( ) > 0 and (𝑥 + 2) < 0

∴𝑥∈

Case2: ( ) < 0 and (𝑥 + 2) > 0

∴𝑥∈

∴ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) is decreasing function if and only if 𝑥 ∈

4. A manufacturing company produces 𝑥 items at a total cost of Rs 40 +

2𝑥 . Their price per item is given as 𝑝 = 120 − 𝑥 Find the value of 𝑥
for which (i) revenue is increasing

(ii) profit is increasing (iii) Also find elasticity of demand

for price Rs. 80.

Solution: Total cost 𝐶 = 40 + 2𝑥 and Price 𝑝 = 120 − 𝑥

( i ). Revenue 𝑅 = 𝑝. 𝑥 =

Differentiating w.r.t 𝑥,
𝑑𝑅
∴ =
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑅
Since Revenue is increasing ∴ >0
𝑑𝑥

∴ Revenue is increasing for

(ii) Profit 𝜋 = 𝑅 − 𝐶

∴𝜋=

Differentiating w.r.t 𝑥
𝑑𝜋
∴ =
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝜋
Since Profit is increasing ∴ >0
𝑑𝑥

∴ Profit is increasing for

(iii) . 𝑝 = 120 − 𝑥 ∴ 𝑥 = 120 − 𝑝

Differentiating w.r.t 𝑝,
𝑑𝑥
∴ =
𝑑𝑝

𝑝 𝑑𝑥
∴ Elasticity of demand is given by 𝜂 = − .
𝑥 𝑑𝑝

∴𝜂=

When 𝑝 = 80, then elasticity of demand 𝜂 =

5. INTEGRATION
1. Choose the correct alternative from the following.

𝒅𝒙
1 ) The value of ∫
√𝟏−𝒙

a ) 2 √1 − 𝑥 + c
b ) -2 √1 − 𝑥 + c
c ) √𝑥 + c
d)x+c
2 ) ∫ √𝟏 + 𝒙 dx =
𝑥
a)
2
√1 + 𝑥 + c
2
b ) (1 + 𝑥 )3/2 + c
3
2
c) +c
√1+𝑥
−3
d) (1+x)+c
2
𝟑
3 ) ∫ 𝒙𝟐 𝟑𝒙 dx =
3
a) (3)𝑥 + c
3
(3)𝑥
b) +c
3 𝑙𝑜𝑔3
3
c) log3. (3)𝑥 + c
2
d) 𝑥 2 (3)𝑥 + c

𝒙+𝟐 𝟒𝒙+𝟔 𝟏 𝟏
4)∫ dx = 𝒑 ∫ 𝟐 dx + ∫ 𝟐 dx then p = ?
𝟐𝒙𝟐 +𝟔𝒙+𝟓 𝟐𝒙 +𝟔𝒙+𝟓 𝟐 𝟐𝒙 +𝟔𝒙+𝟓
1 1 1
𝑎) b) c) d) 2
3 2 4
𝒅𝒙
5)∫ =
𝒙− 𝒙𝟐

a) logx – log(1 – x ) + c
b) log(1-𝑥 2 ) +c
c) -logx + log(1-x) + c
 d) log(x - 𝑥 2 ) + c
𝒅𝒙
6 )∫ =
(𝒙− 𝟖)(𝒙+𝟕)
1 𝑥+2
a) log( )+c
15 𝑥−1
1 𝑥+8
b) log ( )+𝑐
15 𝑥+7
1 𝑥−8
c) log( )+c
15 𝑥+7

d) (x-8).(x-7) + c
𝟏
7 ) ∫(𝒙 + )𝟑 dx =
𝒙
1 1
a) (𝑥 + )4 + c
4 𝑥

𝑥4 3𝑥 2 1
b) + + 3logx - +c
4 2 2𝑥 2
𝑥4 3𝑥 2 1
c) + + 3logx + +c
4 2 𝑥2

d) (𝑥 − 𝑥 −1 )3 + c

𝒆𝟐𝒙 +𝒆−𝟐𝒙
8 ) ∫( ) dx =
𝒆𝒙
1
𝑎) 𝑒 𝑥 - +c
3𝑒 3𝑥
1
b) 𝑒 𝑥 + +c
3𝑒 3𝑥
1
𝑐) 𝑒 −𝑥 - +c
3𝑒 3𝑥
 1
d) 𝑒 −𝑥 + +c
3𝑒 3𝑥

9 ) ∫(𝟏 − 𝒙)−𝟐 dx=

a) (1 − 𝑥)−1 + c
b) (1 + 𝑥)−1 + c
c) (1 − 𝑥)−1 -1 + c
d) (1 − 𝑥)−1 +1 + c
(𝒙𝟑 +𝟑𝒙𝟐 +𝟑𝒙+𝟏 )
10 )∫ dx =
(𝒙+𝟏)𝟓
−1
a) +c
𝑥+1
−1
b) ( )5 + c
𝑥+1
c) Log(x+1) + c
d) 5Log(x+5)+ c
2. Fill in the blanks. ( 1 mark each)
1
1 ) ∫ dx=……………+ c
𝑥
1
2)∫ dx =…………… + c
𝑥 2 −𝑎2

3 ) ∫(7𝑥 + 9)13 dx=………………+ c

4 ) ∫ 𝑒 4𝑥−3 dx = ……………….+ c
5 ) ∫ 56𝑥+9 dx = ………………..+ c
5(𝑥 6 +1)
6)∫ dx = 𝑥 5 − ⋯ 𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑥 2 +1
𝑥 2 +𝑥−6
7)∫ dx = x + ………+ c
(𝑥−2)(𝑥−1)
1 5
8 ) If 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = + x and f(1) = then
𝑥 2
𝑥2
f(x) = logx + + ………….+ c
2
 (1+𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥)
9 ) To find the value of ∫ dx the proper substitution is
𝑥
…………………………………

1
10 ) ∫ [𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑥 ]2 𝑑𝑥 = p (𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥)3 + c
𝑥3

Then p = …………………………

3. State whether each of the following is

TRUE or FALSE. ( 1 mark each)

6. If f′(x) = 3𝑥 2 +2x then by definition of Integration , we get

f(x) = 𝑥 3 +𝑥 2 + c
7. If f(x) = k , where k is constant then ∫ 𝑘 𝑑𝑥= 0
 2𝑥+3 32𝑥+3
8. ∫3 𝑑𝑥 =
2
+c
4𝑥−7 𝑒 4𝑥−7
9. ∫𝑒 𝑑𝑥 =
−7
+c
3
1
𝑥2
10. ∫ √1 + . x dx = (1 + +c 𝑥 2 )2
3
4. Solve the following. (3 marks each )
1 ) Evaluate ∫(3𝑥 2 − 5)2 𝑑𝑥
1
2 ) Evaluate ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥(𝑥−1)
1
3 ) Evaluate ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥

2𝑒 𝑥 +5
4) Evaluate ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2𝑒 +1
1
5 ) Evaluate ∫ 𝑑𝑥
4𝑥 2 −1
1 1
6 ) Evaluate ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 ( − )𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥2
2𝑥+1
7 ) Evaluate ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥+1)(𝑥−2)

8 ) Evaluate ∫ 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑑𝑥
9) Evaluate ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑒 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
10) Evaluate ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√3𝑥 2 +8

5. Evaluate the following . ( 4 marks each )

𝑥
1 ) ∫ 𝑒𝑥 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥+1)2
2
2 ) ∫ 𝑥 3 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
3 ) ∫ (𝑥−1)2 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥+2)
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
4) ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(1+𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥)2
 1
5) ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 −8𝑥−20
1
6) ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥
4𝑥 −20𝑥+17
1+𝑥
7) ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+𝑒 −𝑥
𝑥3
8) ∫ √1+𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥
3𝑒 2𝑡 +5
9) ∫ 4𝑒 2𝑡−5 𝑑𝑡

10 ) If f′(x) = 4𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 𝑘 ,
f(0) = 1 and f(1) = 4 find f(x)
4. DEFINITE INTEGRATION

I) Choose the correct alternative.

3
1. ∫2 𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥 =

1 5 5 211
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 211 5

𝑎
2. ∫0 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 8 then 𝑎 =

8
(a) 2 (b) 0 (c) (d) a
3

9 𝑑𝑥
3. ∫4 =
√𝑥

(a) 9 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 0

2
4. ∫0 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =

(a) 𝑒 2 − 1 (b) 1 − 𝑒 2 (c) 𝑒 − 1 (d) 1 − 𝑒

 3 1
5. ∫−2 𝑑𝑥 =
𝑥+5

3 8 8
(a) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) (b) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) (c) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) (d)
8 3 5

0
3 𝑥
6. ∫2 𝑑𝑥 =
𝑥2 −1

8 8 1 8
(a) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) (b) − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) (c) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) (d)
3 3 2 3
1 8
− 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( )
2 3

𝑏
7. ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 =

𝑎 𝑏 𝑎
(a) ∫𝑏 𝑓(𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 (b) − ∫𝑎 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 (c) − ∫𝑏 𝑓(𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
𝑎
(d) ∫0 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥

7 √𝑥
8. ∫2 𝑑𝑥 =
√𝑥 + √9−𝑥

7 5
(a) (b) (c) 7 (d) 2
2 2

9 𝑥3
9. ∫−9 4 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 =

(a) 0 (b) 3 (c) 9 (d) - 9

II ) Fill in the blanks.

2
6. ∫1 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 =.............
𝑎
7. ∫0 4𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 = 81 then 𝑎 =………
 1
8. ∫0 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ……………
2 1
9. ∫1 𝑑𝑥 =…………
2𝑥+3
4 𝑥
10. ∫2 𝑑𝑥 =….…
𝑥2 +1
7 𝑥3
11. ∫−7 𝑥 2 +7 𝑑𝑥 =………….

III) State whether each of the following is True or False.

𝑎
1. ∫0 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 27 then 𝑎 = 2.5

1 1 7
2. ∫0 𝑑𝑥 = log ( )
2𝑥+5 5

3 𝑥 1
3. ∫2 𝑑𝑥 = log 2
𝑥 2 +1 2

𝑏 𝑏
4. ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥

2𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
5. ∫𝑎 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝑓(𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 + ∫0 𝑓(𝑎 − 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥

5 𝑥
6. ∫−5 𝑑𝑥 = 10
𝑥 2 +7

Solve the following

3 Marks

1 𝑥 2 +3𝑥+2
1. Evaluate ∫0 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥

1 1
2. Evaluate ∫0 𝑑𝑥
√1+𝑥 + √𝑥
 𝑎
3. If ∫0 (2𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥 = 2 , find 𝑎.

𝑎
4. If ∫1 (3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥 = 11 , find the real value of 𝑎.

𝑒 𝑑𝑥
5. Evaluate ∫1 𝑑𝑥
𝑥(1 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥)2

2 1
6. Evaluate ∫1 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 +6𝑥+5

2 3𝑥
7. Evaluate ∫1 (9𝑥 2 −1)
𝑑𝑥

3
3 √𝑥+5
8. Evaluate ∫1 3 3 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥+5 + √9−𝑥

2 √𝑥
9. Evaluate ∫1 𝑑𝑥
√3−𝑥 + √𝑥

1 1
10. Evaluate ∫0 log ( − 1) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥

4 Marks
3 𝑥
1. Evaluate ∫2 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥+2)(𝑥+3)

2 1 1
2. Evaluate ∫1 𝑒 2𝑥 ( − 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2𝑥

3
3. Evaluate ∫1 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑑𝑥

3
4. Evaluate ∫1 𝑥 2 . 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 2
5. Evaluate ∫0 𝑒 𝑥 . 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
 𝑎 3⁄
6. Evaluate ∫0 𝑥 2 (𝑎 − 𝑥 ) 2 𝑑𝑥

1
7. Evaluate ∫0 𝑥 (1 − 𝑥 )5 𝑑𝑥

Activity (4 Marks)
2 𝑥+3
1. Completing the following activity, Evaluate ∫1 𝑑𝑥
𝑥(𝑥+2)
2 𝑥+3
Solution: Let I = ∫1 𝑑𝑥
𝑥(𝑥+2)

𝑥+3 A B
Let = +
𝑥(𝑥+2) 𝑥 (𝑥+2)

∴ 𝑥 + 3 = A(𝑥 + 2) + B. 𝑥

∴ A= ,B=
2
( ) ( )
∴I=∫ + 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 (𝑥 + 2)
1

∴I=[ log x + log (x + 2) ]12

∴I=

5 √𝑥
2. By completing the following activity, Evaluate ∫2 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 + √7 − 𝑥

5 √𝑥
Solution: Let I = ∫2 𝑑𝑥 …………..(i)
√𝑥 + √7 − 𝑥
 𝑏 𝑏
Using the property , ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = ∫𝑎 𝑓 (𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 , we get

5 (……… )
I= ∫2 𝑑𝑥 ……………….(ii)
√7 − 𝑥 + (……… )

Adding equation (i) and (ii) , we get

5 √𝑥
2I = ∫2 𝑑𝑥 + (… … . ) 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 + √7 − 𝑥

5
(… … … … ) + (… … … . . )
2I = ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑥
(… … … … ) + (… … … . . )
2

2I = [… … . ]52

∴I =

7. APPLICATIONS OF DEFINITE INTEGRATION

Q.1 A) Select and write the most appropriate answer from the given
alternatives for each sub-question.
1) Area of the region bounded by the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 , 𝑥 = 1 , 𝑥 = 4 and
the X- axis is ______
255 256 255 256
a) sq. units. b) sq. units c) sq. units d) sq. units
4 4 3 3

2) Using the definite integration area of the circle is______

a) 4𝜋 sq. units b) 4 sq. units c) 16 sq. units d) 16𝜋 sq. units
3) Area of the region bounded by the curve 𝑥 = 𝑦 2 , the positive Y axis
and the lines 𝑦 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 3 is________
3 26
a) 26 sq. units b) 3 sq. units c) sq. units d) sq. units
26 3

4) Area of the region bounded by the curve 𝑥 2 = 8𝑦, the positive Y axis
and the lines 𝑦 = 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 9 is ________
76√2 76√2 38√2
a) sq. units b) sq. units c) sq. units d) 76√2sq. units
3 2 3

5) Area of the region bounded by 𝑦 2 = 16𝑥, 𝑥 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 4 and the

X axis, lying in the first quadrant is _____
56 3
a) sq. units b) sq. units c) 56 sq. units d) 63 sq. units
3 56

6) Area of the region bounded by = 𝑦 4 , 𝑦 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 5 and the Y

axis lying in the first quadrant is _____
3124 3142 3124 3142
a) sq. units b) sq. units c) sq. units d) sq. units
5 5 3 3

7) Area of the region bounded by the parabola 𝑦 2 = 25𝑥 and the lines
𝑥 = 5 is _____
75√5 20√5 100√5 75√5
a) sq. units b) sq. units c) sq. units d) sq. units
2 3 3 3

B) State whether the following statements are true or false.

1) 𝑦 2 = 4𝑎𝑥 is the standard form of parabola when curve lies on X axis.
2) Standard form of parabola is 𝑥 2 = −4𝑏𝑦, when curve lies in the
positive Y axis.
3) The area of portion lying below the X axis is negative.
4) The area bounded by the curve 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) lies on the both sides of the
𝑏 𝑐
X- axis is |∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 | + |∫𝑏 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 |.
 𝑥2 𝑦2
5) The equation of the area of the circle is + = 1.
𝑎2 𝑏2

6) The equation of the area of the ellipse is 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑎2 .

7) The area of the shaded region bounded by two curves 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥 ), and
𝑏 𝑏
𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑥) and X axis is |∫𝑎 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 + ∫𝑎 𝑔(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 |.

C) Fill in the following blanks.

1) The area bounded by the parabola 𝑥 2 = 9𝑦 and the lines 𝑦 = 4
and 𝑦 = 9 in the first quadrant is______
2) The area of the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 16 is _____
3) The area of the region bounded by the curve 𝑦 2 = 4𝑥, the X axis and
the lines 𝑥 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 4 is _____
4) The area of the region lying in the first quadrant and bounded by the
curve 𝑦 = 4𝑥 2 , and the lines 𝑦 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 4 is_____
5) The area of the region bounded by the curve 𝑦 2 = 𝑥 and the Y axis in
the first quadrant and lines𝑦 = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 9 is______
6) The area of the region 𝑥 2 = 4𝑦, 𝑦 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 2 and the Y axis
lying in the first quadrant is______
7) The area of the region bounded by 𝑦 2 = 25𝑥, 𝑦 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 2 and
the X axis is____
Q.2 Attempt the following questions. (3 marks each)
1) Find the area of the region bounded by the parabola 𝑦 2 = 25𝑥 and the
line 𝑥 = 5
2) Find the area of the region bounded by the curve = √9 − 𝑥 2 , X- axis
and lines 𝑥 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 3.
3) Find the area of the region bounded by the curve 𝑦 = √2𝑥 + 3, the X
axis and the lines 𝑥 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 2.
4) Find the area of the region bounded by the curve4𝑦 = 7𝑥 + 9, the X-
axis and the lines x=2 and x=8.
5) Find the area of the region bounded by the curve 𝑦 = (𝑥 2 + 2)2 , the
X-axis and the lines 𝑥 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 3.
6) Find area of the region bounded by 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 10, 𝑦 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 4
and the Y- axis lying in the first quadrant.
7) Find area of the region bounded by the curve 𝑦 = −4𝑥, the Y-axis
and the lines 𝑥 = −1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 2.
8) Find area of the region bounded by the parabola
𝑥 2 = 36𝑦, 𝑦 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 4, and the positive Y-axis.
9) Find area of the region bounded by the parabola 𝑥 2 = 4𝑦, the Y- axis
lying in the first quadrant and the lines 𝑦 = 3.

10) Find the area of the region bounded by the curve 𝑥 = √25 − 𝑦 2 , the
Y- axis lying in the first quadrant and the lines 𝑦 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 5.
11) Find the area of the region bounded by the curve 𝑦 = √36 − 𝑥 2 , the
X- axis lying in the first quadrant and the lines 𝑥 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 6.
Q.3 Attempt the following questions. (4 marks each)
𝑥2 𝑦2
1) Find area of the ellipse
5 2 + 42
= 1.

2) Find the area of the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 62

3) Find the area between the parabolas 𝑦 2 = 5𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 2 = 5𝑦.
4) Find the area of the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 16
5) Find area of the ellipse 4𝑥 2 + 9𝑦 2 = 36.
 8. DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND APPLICATIONS
I. Select & write the correct alternative from the given option
for each question (1 Marks)
𝑑𝑦
1. Solution of the equation 𝑥 = 𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 is
𝑑𝑥
a) 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑒 𝑥 b) 𝑦 = 𝑏𝑒 2𝑥 c) y = 𝑏𝑒 −2𝑥 d) 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑎𝑥

2. Bacterial increases at the rate proportional to the number present.

If original number M doubles in 3 hours, then number of bacteria
will be 4M in
a) 4 hours b) 6 hours c) 8 hours d) 10 hours

𝑑𝑦
3. The integrating factor of + 𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝑥 is
𝑑𝑥

𝑎) 𝑥 b) −𝑥 c) 𝑒 𝑥 d) 𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝑥

𝑑2 𝑦
4. The integrating factor of − 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑒 −𝑥 then its solution is
𝑑𝑥 2

a) 𝑦𝑒 −𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑐 b) 𝑦𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑐
c) 𝑦𝑒 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 𝑐 d) 𝑦𝑒 −𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 𝑐
5. Differential equation of the function 𝑐 + 4𝑦𝑥 = 0 is
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
a) 𝑥𝑦 + =0 b) 𝑥 +𝑦=0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
c) − 4𝑥𝑦 = 0 d) 𝑥 +1=0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
6. General solution of 𝑦 − 𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑥
7 3
a) 3𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + = 𝑐 b) 2𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + = 𝑐
𝑦 𝑦
 2
c) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐 d) 3𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 + = 𝑐
𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑3 𝑦
7. The order and degree of ( )3 − + 𝑦𝑒 𝑥 is
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 3
a) 3 , 1 b) 1 , 3 c) 3 , 3 d) 1 , 1
2
𝑑𝑦 3 3 𝑑3 𝑦
8. The order and degree of (1 + ( ) ) = 8 are respectively
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 3

a) 3 , 1 b) 1 , 3 c) 3 , 3 d) 1 , 1
𝑑𝑦
9. The solution of =1 is
𝑑𝑥
a) 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑐 b) 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑐 c) 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑐 d) 𝑦 − 𝑥 = 𝑐
𝑑𝑦 𝑥2
10. The solution of + = 0 is
𝑑𝑥 𝑦2

a) 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 = 7 b) 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 = 𝑐 2
c) 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 = 𝑐 d) 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑐

II. Fill in the following blanks ( 1 marks)

1. Order of highest derivative occurring in the differential equation is

called
the …………… of the differential equation.
2. A solution of differential equation which can be obtained from the
general
solution by giving particular values to the arbitrary constant is
called ……..Solution.
3. Order and degree of differential equation are always
…………integers
4. The degree of a differential equation is the power of higher ordered
derivative
when all the derivatives are made free from negative and / or
fractional indices
if any is called ………….. of the differential equation.
 𝑑𝑦
5. The integrating factor of the differential equation − 𝑦 = 𝑥 is
𝑑𝑥
…………
𝑑𝑦
6. The solution of + 𝑦 = 3 is ………………………….
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
7. Integrating factor of + = 𝑥 3 − 3 is ………………………….
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
1
𝑑3 𝑦 6
8. Order and degree of differential equation ( ) = 9 is
𝑑𝑥 3
………………….
9. The function 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 is solution ………… of differential equation
𝑑2 𝑦
10. The solution of differential equation 𝑥2 = 1 is
𝑑𝑥 2
………………………….

III. State whether the following statements are true or false ( 1

marks)

𝑑𝑦
1. The integrating factor of the differential equation −𝑦=
𝑑𝑥

𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑒 −𝑥
2. Order and degree of differential equation are always Positive
integers
3. The degree of a differential equation is the power of higher ordered
derivative when all the derivatives are made free form negative and
/ or fractional indices if any.
4. Order of highest derivative occurring in the differential equation is
called the degree of the differential equation.
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦
5. The degree of a differential equation 𝑒 −𝑑𝑥 = + 𝑐 is not defined
𝑑𝑥
6. A homogeneous differential equation is solved by substituting 𝑦 =
𝑣𝑥 and integrating it.
2
d3 y d2 y
7. Order and degree of differential equation 𝑥 + 6( ) +
d𝑥 3 d𝑥 2

y = 0 is (2,2)
8. Number of arbitrary constant in the general solution of a
differential equation is equal to order of D.E.
9. A differential equation in which the dependent variable ,say y,
depends only on one dependent variable , say x, is called as
ordinary differential equation
10. The function 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑥 is the solution of differential equation
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

IV. Attempt the following questions ( 3 marks)

𝑑𝑦
1. Solve the differential equation + 𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
2. Solve the differential equation 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑥+𝑦+1 2 1
3. Solve = 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = , 𝑦 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥+𝑦−1 3 3

4. Solve the differential equation 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑑𝑥 = 0

5. Solve the differential equation
(𝑥 2 − 𝑦𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑦 + (𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 = 0

6. Solve the following differential equation

 𝑑𝑦
= 𝑥2𝑦 + 𝑦
𝑑𝑥

7. Find the differential equation by eliminating arbitrary constants

from the relation 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 2𝑎𝑥
8. Find the differential equation by eliminating arbitrary constants
from the relation 𝑦 = (𝑐1 + 𝑐2 𝑥 )𝑒 𝑥
9. Verify y=logx+c is the solution of differential equation
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑥 2+ =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2
10. Solve : + 𝑦 = 𝑥2
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

V. Attempt the following questions ( 4 marks)

1. For the differential equation, find the particular solution

(𝑥 − 𝑦 2 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 − (𝑦 + 𝑥 2 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 2 , 𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑦 𝑥−2𝑦
2. Solve the differential equation + =0
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥−𝑦

3. Find the differential equation from the relation 𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 = 4𝑏 2

4. If the population of a town increases at a rate proportional to the

population at that time. If the population increases from 40
thousands to 60 thousands in 40 years, what will be the population
in another 20 years?.
3
( Given √ = 1.2247)
2

5. The rate of growth of bacteria is proportional to the number

present. If initially, there were 1000 bacteria and the number
 doubles in 1 hours, find the number of bacteria after 5/2 hours. (
Given √2 = 1.414)
6. Solve the following differential equation
𝑑𝑦
𝑦𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2
𝑑𝑥
7. Solve the following differential equation
𝑑𝑦
𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 − 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
8. For the differential equation, find the particular solution
𝑑𝑦
= (4𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1), when 𝑦 = 1, 𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑥
9. Solve the following differential equation
𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0
10. Solve the following differential equation
𝑑𝑦
𝑥2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2
𝑑𝑥
VI. Attempt the following questions (Activity) ( 4 Marks)
𝑑𝑦
1. find the general solution of the equation − 𝑦 =2x
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
Solution : the equation − 𝑦 =2x
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
is of the form + 𝑃𝑦 = 𝑄
𝑑𝑥

where P = and Q =
∴ 𝑖𝑓 𝑒 𝑠−𝑑𝑥 =𝑒 −𝑥
∴ the solution of the linear differential equation is
𝑦 𝑒 −𝑥 = ∫ 2𝑥. 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
∴ 𝑦 𝑒 −𝑥 = ∫ 2𝑥. 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑦 𝑒 −𝑥 = 2∫ 𝑥 . 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥
 𝑑
= 2 {𝑥∫ 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑥} + 𝑐
𝑑𝑥

𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥
= 2 {𝑥 −∫ .1} 𝑑𝑥
−1 −1
∴ 𝑦 𝑒 −𝑥 = −2𝑥. 𝑒 −𝑥 + 2 ∫ 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐1
∴ 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑦 = −2𝑥. 𝑒 −𝑥 + 2 + 𝑐2
𝑦+ + = 𝑐𝑒 𝑥 is the required general solution
of the
given differential equation.

𝑏 𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2. Verify 𝑦 = 𝑎 + is solution of 𝑥 2 +2 =0
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑏
Solution : 𝑦 = 𝑎 +
𝑥

𝑑𝑦
=
𝑑𝑥
𝑑2𝑦
=
𝑑𝑥 2

𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
Consider 𝑥 2 +2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

=𝑥 +2
=
𝑏 𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
Hence 𝑦 = 𝑎 + is solution of 𝑥 2 +2 =0
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

3. The rate of growth of population proportional to the number present.

If the population in the last 25 years and present population is 1 lac.,
when will the city have population 4,00,000?
Solution : Let 𝑝 be the population at time t.
𝑑𝑝
Then the rate of increase is which is proportional to 𝑝
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑝
∴ 𝛼𝑝
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑝
∴ = 𝑘 𝑝, where k is a constant
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑝
∴ = 𝑘 𝑑𝑡
𝑝
on Integrating , we get
𝑑𝑝
∴∫ = 𝑘∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑝
∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑝 = 𝑘𝑡 + 𝑐
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦, 𝑖𝑒 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡 = 0, 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑝 = 100000
∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔100000 = 𝑘 × 0 + 𝑐, ∴𝑐=
∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑝 = 𝑘𝑡 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔100000, ∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑝 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔100000
= 𝑘𝑡
𝑝
∴ log ( ) = 𝑘𝑡 … … … … … … . . (1)
100000
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑛 25 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠, 𝑖. 𝑒. 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡 = 25, 𝑝
= 200000
200000
∴ log ( ) = 25𝑘, ∴ 𝑘=
100000
𝑝
( )
∴ 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 1 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 , log ( )=
100000
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑝 = 400000, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡
 400000 𝑡
∴ log ( )= 𝑙𝑜𝑔2
100000 25
𝑡
∴ log 4 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔2
25
𝑙𝑜𝑔4
∴ 𝑡 = 25 ∴ 𝑡= 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠
𝑙𝑜𝑔2

4. In a certain culture of bacteria, the rate of increase is proportional to

the number present. If it is found that the number doubles in 4 hours,
find the number of times the bacteria are increased in 12 hours.
Solution : Let 𝑥 be the number of bacteria in the culture at time t.
𝑑𝑥
Then the rate of increase is which is proportional to 𝑥
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑥
∴ 𝛼𝑥
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥
∴ = 𝑘 𝑥, where k is a constant
𝑑𝑡
∴
on Integrating , we get
𝑑𝑥
∴∫ = 𝑘∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑥
∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 = 𝑘𝑡 + 𝑐
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦, 𝑖𝑒 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡 = 0, 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑥0
∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥0 = 𝑘 × 0 + 𝑐, ∴𝑐=
∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 = 𝑘𝑡 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥0 , ∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥0 = 𝑘𝑡
𝑥
∴ log ( ) = 𝑘𝑡 … … … … … … . . (1)
𝑥0
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑛 4 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠, 𝑖. 𝑒. 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡 = 4, 𝑥 = 2𝑥0
2𝑥0
∴ log ( ) = 4𝑘, ∴ 𝑘=
𝑥0
𝑥 𝑡
∴ 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (1) 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 , log ( ) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔2
𝑥0 4
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡 = 12, 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡
𝑥 12
∴ log ( ) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 = 3 𝑙𝑜𝑔2
𝑥0 4
𝑥
∴ log ( ) = 𝑘𝑡
𝑥0
𝑥
∴ = 8, ∴
𝑥0
∴ number of bacteria will be 8 times the original number in 12 hours.

5. Find the population of city at any time t given that rate of increase of
population is proportional to the population at that instant & that
period of 40 years the population increased from 30000 to 40000.
Solution : Let 𝑝 be the population at time t.
𝑑𝑝
Then the rate of increase is which is proportional to 𝑝
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑝
∴ 𝛼𝑝
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑝
∴ = 𝑘 𝑝, where k is a constant
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑝
∴ = 𝑘 𝑑𝑡
𝑝
 on Integrating , we get
𝑑𝑝
∴∫ = 𝑘∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑝
∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑝 = 𝑘𝑡 + 𝑐
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦, 𝑖𝑒 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡 = 0, 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑝 = 30000
∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔30000 = 𝑘 × 0 + 𝑐, ∴𝑐=
∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑝 = 𝑘𝑡 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔30000, ∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑝 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔30000
= 𝑘𝑡
𝑝
∴ log ( ) = 𝑘𝑡 … … … … … … . . (1)
30000
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡 = 40, 𝑝 = 40000
40000
∴ log ( ) = 40𝑘, ∴ 𝑘=
30000
𝑝
∴ 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (1) 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 , log ( )=
30000
𝑝 𝑡 4
∴ log ( )= log ( )
30000 40 3

P=

6. Solve the following differential equation

𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + sec 2 𝑦 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0

Solution : 𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + sec 2 𝑦 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0

 𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 𝑦
∴ 𝑑𝑥 + =0
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦

Integrating, we get
𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 𝑦
∴ 𝑑𝑥 +∫ 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦
Each of these integral is of the type
𝑓′(𝑥)
∫ = log|𝑓 (𝑥 )| + log 𝑐
𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠
log|𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 | + log|𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦| = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐
∴ log|𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥. tan 𝑦| = log 𝑐
∴ log|𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥. tan 𝑦| = log 𝑐
This is the general solution

7. Solve the following differential equation

𝑑𝑦
= cos(𝑥 + 𝑦)
𝑑𝑥

Solution :
𝑑𝑦
= cos(𝑥 + 𝑦) … … … … … … (1)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
𝑃𝑢𝑡 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑣 ∴1+ =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
∴ = −1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
 𝑑𝑣
∴ (1)𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 − 1 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑣
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣
= 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑣
𝑑𝑥
∴ 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥
Integrating, we get
1
∴∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑣
1
∴∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
2
2 cos ( )
2
1
∴ ∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
2
𝑣
1 tan(2)
∴ 1 =𝑥+𝑐
2
2

∴ =𝑥+𝑐

8. Find the particular solution of the following differential equation

𝑑𝑦 π
= 𝑒 2𝑦 cos 𝑥 , when 𝑥 = , y = 0
𝑑𝑥 6
Solution :
𝑑𝑦
The given D.E. is = 𝑒 2𝑦 cos 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
1
∴ 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑒 2𝑦

Integrating, we get
∫ 𝑒 −2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥
 𝑒 −2𝑦
∴ = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐1
−2

∴ 𝑒 −2𝑦 = −2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 2𝑐1

∴ 𝑒 −2𝑦 + 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 𝑐, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑐 = −2𝑐1

This is general solution

π
when 𝑥 = , y = 0, we have
6
π
𝑒 0 + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 = 𝑐
6

∴𝑐=

∴ particular solution is

9. Bacteria increases at the rate of proportional to the number bacteria

present. If the original number N , doubles in 3 hours, find in how
many hours the number of bacteria will be 16N.
Solution : Let 𝑥 be the number of bacteria in the culture at time t.
𝑑𝑥
Then the rate of increase is which is proportional to 𝑥
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥
∴ 𝛼𝑥
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥
∴ = 𝑘 𝑥, where k is a constant
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥
∴ = 𝑘𝑑𝑡
𝑥
 on Integrating , we get
𝑑𝑥
∴∫ = 𝑘∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑥
∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 = 𝑘𝑡 + 𝑐………………..(1)
𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑒 𝑘𝑡 where 𝑎 = 𝑒 𝑐
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦, 𝑖𝑒 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡 = 0, 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑁
∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑁 = 𝑘 × 0 + 𝑐, ∴𝑎=
∴ 𝑎 = 𝑁 , 𝑥 = 𝑁 𝑒 𝑘𝑡 … … … … (2)
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡 = 3, 𝑥 = 2𝑁
From equation (2), 2𝑁 = 𝑁𝑒 4𝑘
∴ 𝑒 4𝑘 = 2
𝑒𝑘 =

Now we have find out t, when x=16N

From equation (2),
16𝑁 = 𝑁𝑒 𝑘𝑡
16 = 𝑒 𝑘𝑡
𝑡
∴ = hours
4

Hence number of bacteria will be 16N in

hours.

10. The population of city doubles in 80 years , in how many year will
it be triple when the rate of increase is proportional to the number of
inhabitants.
 𝑙𝑜𝑔3
(Given = 1.5894)
𝑙𝑜𝑔2

Solution : Let 𝑝 be the population at time t.

𝑑𝑝
Then the rate of increase is which is proportional to 𝑝
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑝
∴ 𝛼𝑝
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑝
∴ = 𝑘 𝑝, where k is a constant
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑝
∴ = 𝑘 𝑑𝑡
𝑝
on Integrating , we get
𝑑𝑝
∴∫ = 𝑘∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑝
∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑝 = 𝑘𝑡 + 𝑐
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦, 𝑖𝑒 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡 = 0, 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑝 = 𝑁
∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑁 = 𝑘 × 0 + 𝑐, ∴𝑐=
When t=80, P=2N
∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔2𝑁 = 80𝑘 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑁, ∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔2𝑁 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑁
= 80𝑘
2𝑁
∴ log ( ) = 80𝑘
𝑁
∴ log(2) = 80𝑘, ∴ 𝑘=
∴ 𝑃 = 3𝑁, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡 = ?
𝑙𝑜𝑔2
∴ log 𝑃 = 𝑡 + log 𝑁
80

𝐿𝑜𝑔 3𝑁 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑁 =
 t= = years

Part II

1. Commission, Brokerage and Discount (Commerce 88)

I) Choose the correct alternative.
1. A salesman receives 3% commission on the sales up to Rs. 50,000
and 4% commission on the sales over Rs. 50,000. His total income
on the sale of Rs. 2,00,000 is ___________
a) Rs. 6,000
b) Rs. 7,550
c) Rs. 7,500
d) Rs. 1,500
2. The present worth of Rs.11,660 due 9 months hence is Rs.11,000.
The True discount is _______

a) Rs. 660
b) Rs. 750
c) Rs. 400
d) Rs. 5,940
3. If A bill of Rs.6,395 drawn on 15th February 2015 for 10 months
was discounted on 28th May 2015 at 8% p.a. interest then legal
due date is _____
 a) 15th December 2015

b) 15th November 2015

c) 18th December 2015
d) 18th November 2015
4. The date on which the period of the bill expires is called ______

a) Legal Due Date

b) Days of grace
c) The Nominal Due date
d) Date of Drawing
5. The marked price is also called as ______
a) Cost price

b) Selling price
c) Invoice price
d) List price
II) Fill in the blanks.

1. An agent who gives guarantee to his principal that the party will
pay the sale price of goods is called ____________
2. The difference between the __________________ and the true
discount is called Banker’s Gain (B.G). It is equal to the interest on
true discount.
3. The buyer is legally allowed ________ days grace period.
 4. The date on which the bill is drawn is called as ________
5. When transactions like sale, purchase, auction etc. are done
through some middlemen, such middlemen are called ________

III) State whether each of the following is True or False.

1. The trade discount is first calculated on the catalogue (list) price.

2. A factor is an agent who is given the possession of goods and

enters a contract for sale in his/her own name.

3. A person can get both, trade discount and cash discount.

4. The sum due is also called as Cash value

5. If only one discount is given then List price = Invoice price.

IV) Solve the following problems. (3 Marks)
1. Find the true discount, Banker’s discount and Banker’s gain on a
bill of Rs.4,240 due 6 months hence at 9% p.a.
2. Ananya gets salary of Rs. 15,000 per month and commission at 8%
on the sales over Rs.50,000. If she gets Rs. 17,400 in a certain month,
Find the sales made by her in that month.
3. Swastik Distributers allows 15% discount on the list price of
washing machine. Further 5% discount is given for cash payment.
Find the list price of the washing machine if it was sold for the net
amount of Rs. 38,356.25.
4. An agent sold a car and charged 3% commission on sale value.
If the owner of the car received Rs.48,500, find the sale value of the
car. If the agent charged 2% from the buyer, find his total
remuneration.
 5. A bill of Rs.65,700 drawn on July 10 for 6 months was
discounted for Rs.65,160 at 5% p.a. on what day was the bill
discounted?
V) Solve the following problems. (4 Marks)

1. A bill was drawn on 14th April for Rs.7,000 and was discounted
on 6th July at 5% p.a. The Banker paid Rs.6,930 for the bill. What is
the legal due date.
2. A bill of Rs.51,000 was drawn on 18th February 2010 for 9
months. It was encashed on 28th June 2010 at 5% p.a. Calculate the
banker’s gain and true discount.
3. A retailer sold a suit for Rs.8,832 after allowing 8% discount on
marked price and further 4% cash discount. If he made 38% profit,
find the cost price and the marked price of the suit.
4. If difference between true discount and banker’s discount on a sum
due 4 months hence is Rs 20. Find true discount, banker’s discount
and amount of bill, the rate of simple interest charged being 5%p.a.
VI) Activity (4 Marks)

1. A bill of Rs.8,000 drawn on 5th January 2019 for 8 months was

discounted for Rs.7,680 on a certain date. Find the date on which it
was discounted at 10% p.a.
Solution : Banker’s Discount
B.D.= F.V.  C.V. = 8,000  7,680  Rs.320

Date of drawing = 5th January 2019

Period = 8 months

Nominal due date =

Legal due date =

B.D. = Interest on F.V. for n at 10% p.a.

n
F.V.× ×r
 B.D.= 365
100
n
8,000× ×10
 320 = 365
100
 n days

Apri May Jun July Aug Sep Tota

l e l
15 31 30 31 31

 Date of discounting is

2. Three cars were sold through an agent for Rs.2,40,000 , Rs.2,22,000

and Rs.2,25,000 respectively. The rates of commission were 17.5%
on the first, 12.5% on the second. If the agent overall received 14%
commission on the total sales, find the rate of commission paid on
the third car.

Solution :
Total selling Price of three cars = 2,40,000 + 2,22,000 +2,25,000
=
Commission on total sale = 14%
 14
= ×
100

=
Selling price of First car = Rs. 2,40,000
17.5
Rate of commission = 17.5% = × 2,40,000 =
100

∴ Commission on first car = Rs.

Selling price of Second car = Rs. 2,22,000

12.5
Rate of commission = 12.5% = × 2,22,000 =
100

∴ Commission on second car = Rs.

Selling price of third car = Rs. 2,25,000

Let the rate of commission be x
𝑥
Commission on third car = × 2,25,000
100

∴ Commission on third car = Total commission −

( commission on first car +
commission on se
𝑥
× 2,25,000 = −{ +
100
}

∴ 𝑥 =
 2. Insurance and Annuity
Multiple choice questions:
1) Rental payment for an apartment is an example of
a) Annuity due b) Perpetuity
c) Ordinary annuity d) Installment
2) In an ordinary annuity, payments or receipts occur at
a)Beginning of each period b)End of each period
c)Mid of each period d) Quarterly basis
3) The amount which can be demanded under the
policy is _______.
a) policy value b) premium
c) interest d) claim
4) A shop valued ` 2,00,000 is insured at 80% of it’s value.
If the rate of premium is 4%, then the premium is

a) 6,400 b) 6,000
c) 6,450 d) 6,500
5) If the claim under the policy is Rs. 4,000 and ratio of property
value
to policy value is 5:4 then loss occurred is
a) Rs.4,400 b) Rs.4,000
c) RS.5,000 d) Rs. 5,500
6) The period for the fire insurance policy is
a) one year b) two years
c) three years d) four years
7) Premium is paid on ------- value.
a)property b) policy
c)insured d) both b) and c)
8) In annuity calculations, the interest is usually taken as
a) simple interest per annum
 b) interest compounded every year
c) interest compounded per month
d) simple interest per month
9) If for an immediate annuity r = 10% p.a.,P = Rs. 12,679.46
and A = Rs. 18,564, then the amount of each annuity paid is
a) Rs. 4,000 b) Rs. 4,500
c) Rs. 3,500 d) Rs. 4,200
10) The present value of an immediate annuity of Rs. 10,000 paid
each quarter for four quarters at 16% p.a. compounded quarterly
is
a) 40,000 b) 36,300 c) 36,286.75 d) 36289.25
True or False
1) Premium is the amount paid to the insurance company every month.
2)An installment of money paid for insurance is called Premium
3)The value of insured property is called policy value
4)A sinking fund is a fund established by financial organization
5) The relation between accumulated value ‘A’and present value ‘P’ is
A= P(1+i)n
6)The future value of an annuity is the accumulated values of all
instalments
7)Annuity contingent begins and ends on certain fixed dates
8)An annuity where payments continue forever is called perpetuity.
Fill in the blanks:
1)In an ordinary annuity, payments or receipts occur at----
2)The present value of an immediate annuity for4 years at 10% p.a.
compounded annually isRs. 23,400. It’s accumulated value after 4 years
would be ` _______.
3) If for an immediate annuity r = 10% p.a.,P = ` 12,679.46 and A = `
18,564, then the amount of each annuity paid is------
4) An annuity in which each payment is made at the end of period is
called-------
5) If payments of an annuity fall due at the beginning of every period,
the series is called annuity __________.
6) The intervening time between payment of two successive installments
is called as __________.
7) --------- insurance is not covered by general insurance(mcq1)
3 marks Questions:
1) A shop and a godown worth Rs.1,00,000 and Rs.2,00,000
respectively were insured through an agent who was paid 12%
of the total premium. If the shop was insured for 80% and the
godown for 60% of their respective values, find the agent's
commission, given that the rate of premium was 0.80% less
20% .
2) The rate of premium is 2% and other expenses are 0.075%. A
cargo worth Rs.3,50,100 is to be insured so that all its value and
the cost of insurance will be recovered in the event of total loss.
3) A merchant takes fire insurance policy to cover 80 % of the
value of his stock. Stock worth Rs.80,000 was completely
destroyed in a fire. while the rest of stock was reduced to 20%
of its value. If the proportional compensation under the policy
was Rs.67,200, find the value of the stock.
4) The rate of premium is 2% and other expenses are 0.075%. A
cargo worth Rs.3,50,100 is to be insured so that all its value and
the cost of insurance will be recovered in the event of total loss.
5) A 35-year old person takes a policy for Rs.1,00,000 for a period
of 20 years. The rate of premium is Rs.76 and the average rate
of bonus is Rs.7 per thousand p.a. If he dies after paying 10
annual premiums, what amount will his nominee receive?
 6) A person invested Rs.5,000 every year in finance company that
offered him interest compounded at 10% p.a., what is the
amount accumulated after 4 years? [Given (1.1)4 = 1.4641]
7) Find the amount of an ordinary annuity if a payment of Rs. 500
is made at the end of every quarter for 5 years at the rate of 12%
per annum compounded quarterly.
8) An annuity immediate is to be paid for some years at 12% p.a.
The present value of the annuity is Rs.10,000 and the
accumulated value is Rs.20,000. Find the amount of each
annuity payment.
9) A person sets up a sinking fund in order to have Rs.1,00,000
after 10 years. What amount should be deposited bi-
annually in the account that pays him 5%p.a.compounded semi-
annually?[Given (1.025)20 = 1.675]
10) A company decides to set aside a certain sum at the end of each
year to create a sinking fund, which should amount to Rs. 4
lakhs in 4 years at 10% p.a. Find the amount to be set aside each
year?

Activity based Question

1) Property value = Rs.12,50,000
Rate of premium ,r = Rs. 3%
If i) property is fully insured ,the policy value is same as property
value
therefore policy value = --------
𝑟
Premium = 𝑋 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑦 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
100

−−−−−
= 𝑋 12,50,000
100

= ---------
ii) property is 80% insured
Policy value = 80 % of its property value
 −−−−−
= 𝑋 12,50,000
100
= Rs.10,00,000

−−−
Premium = 𝑋 10,00,000
100

= Rs.
2) Policy value = Rs. 80,000
Period of policy = 20 years
Amount of money paid in 10 years = ------
Annualised average rate per bonus

= R. 20 per thousand per year

−−−−
For one year ,bonus = 𝑋 80,000
1000

= Rs.1,600
Bonus for 10 years = 10 x

= Rs.16,000
Total amount after 10 years

= + 16000 = Rs.
3) For annuity due,
C = Rs.20,000 ,n = 3, I = 0.1

Therefore , P = x [ 1- (1 + 0.1)−−−− ]
0.1

= 2,00,000 [ 1- 0.7513]
 = Rs.------------
4) The future amount A = RS. 10,00,000
Period , n = 20 , r = 5 %
𝐶
A = [(1 + 𝑖))𝑛 − 1]
𝐼
5
I= = − − as interest is calculated semi-annually
200

𝐶
A= 10,00,000 = [(1 + 𝑖))𝑛 − 1]
𝐼

𝐶
10,00,000= [(1 + 0.025))−− − 1]
0.025

𝐶
= [1.675 − 1]
0.025

𝐶 𝑋 0.675
10,00,000 =
0.025

C = Rs.-------

3. LINEAR REGRESSION

I Select and write the most appropriate answer from given

alternatives of the following sub questions:
1.If for a bivariate data, byx= -1.2 and bxy=-0.3 then r =-----
a. -0.06
b. 0.06
c. 0.6
d. -0.6
2. If the regression equation x on y is 3x+2y=26 then bxy equals to
a. 3/2
b 2/3
c -3/2
d -2/3
3. If byx <0 and bxy <0 then r is---
a <0
b >0
c =0
d >1
4. |byx+bxy| ≥…..
a. |r|
b 2|r|
c r
d -r
5. Find the value of the covariance between x and y, if the regression
coefficient of y on x is
3.75 and σx =2, σy =8

a. 7
b. 30
c 15
d 1.875
6. The slope of the line of regression of y on x is called the----

a regression coefficient of x on y
b correlation coefficient between y and x
 c covariance between y and x
d regression coefficient of y on x
7. Regression analysis is the theory of
a Estimation
b Prediction
c Both a and b
d Calculation
8. We can estimate the value of one variable with the help of other
known variable only if they are
a Correlated
b Positively correlated
c Negatively correlated
d Uncorrelated
9. There are __________ types of regression equations.

a4
b2
c3
d1
10. In the regression equation of X on Y
a X is independent and Y is dependent.
b Y is independent and X is dependent.
c Both X and Y are independent.
d Both X and Y are dependent.
11. bxy and byx are __________
a Independent of change of origin and scale
b Independent of change of origin but not of scale
c Independent of change of scale but not of origin
 d.Affected by change of origin and scale
12.If the lines of regression of y on x is y=x/4 and x on y is x=y/9 +1,
then the value of r is
a.1/6
b.0
c. -1/4
d.-1/6
13. If r= 0.5, σx =3, σy2 =16, then byx=…

a. 0.375
b. 0.667
c. 2.667
d. 0.093
14. The regression line is obtained by

a Minimizing the sum of squares of deviations of the

predicted values from the observed values.
b Minimizing the sum of deviations of the predicted values
from the observed values.
c Maximizing the sum of squares deviations of the
predicted values from the observed values.
d. Maximizing the sum of deviations of the predicted values
from the observed values..

𝑥−20 𝑦−30
15. u = and v = ,then bxy=
5 4
4
a. bvu
5

4
b. buv
5
 5
c. buv
4

5
𝑑 bvu
4

16. y = 5 - 2.8x and x = 3 – 0.5y be the regression lines ,then the value
of byx is

a. -0.5
b. -2.8
c. 0.5
d. 2

17. If r= 0.5, σx =3, σy2 =16, then bxy= ---

a..0.375
b. 0.667
c. 2.667
d. 0.093

II State whether the following statements are true or false:

1. The equations of two regression lines are 10x-4y=80 and 10y-

9x=40 . then bxy = 0.9

2. y = 5 + 2.8x and x = 3 + 0.5y be the regression lines of y on x and

x on y respectively ,then byx = - 0.5

3. Both the regression coefficients cannot exceed 1

4. If byx=1.5 and bxy=1/3 then r = 1/2. the given data is consistent.

 5. Correlation analysis is the theory of games

6. If bxy < 0 and byx < 0 then ‘r’ is >0

7. The following data is not consistent:

byx+ bxy =1.3 and r= 0.75

8. .If u=x-a and v= y-b then bxy= buv.

9. If equation of regression lines are 3x+2y-26=0 and 6x+y-31=0 then

mean of x is 7.

10. bxy is the slope of regression line of y on x.

11..Corr(x.x) = 0

12..Corr(x,x) =1

13. Cov(x,x)=Variance of x.

14.Regression analysis is used for measuring the degree of the

relationship between the variables.

15.Regression coefficient of x on y is the slope of regression line of x

on y

16.The variable used for predicting the response is called the

independent variable.

III. Fill in the following blanks:

1. If n = 5,Σxy=76 ,Σx²= Σy² =90, Σx=20=Σy then covariance=…..

 2. |bxy+ byx| ≥_________

3. Among the given regression lines 6x+y-31=0 and 3x+2y-

26=0,the regression line of x on y is….

𝑥−𝑎 𝑦−𝑏
4. If u = and v = , then bxy=_____
𝑐 𝑑

5. If the regression equations are 8x – 10y + 66 = 0 and 40x – 18y =

214, the mean value of y is…..

6. If the sign of the correlation coefficient is negative, then the sign of

the slope of the
respective regression line is----

7. The value of product moment correlation coefficient between x

and x is---

8. Arithmetic mean of positive values of regression coefficients is

greater than or equal to ….
𝑥−20 𝑦−30
9. If u = and v = , then byx=_____
5 4

10. The geometric mean of negative regression coefficients is --

--

11. Dependent variables are also known as----

12. byx is the ….. of regression line of y on x

IV.Answer the following:

1.The equations of two lines of regression are 3x+2y-26=0 and 6x +y-
31=0. find variance of
x if variance of y is 36.

2.Given the following information about the production and demand of a

commodity.
Obtain the two regression lines :

ADVERTISEMNT(x) DEMAND(y) (₹ in
(₹.in lakhs) lakhs)
MEAN 10 90
VARIANCE 9 144

Coefficient of correlation between x and y is 0.8.

What should be the advertising budget if the company wants to attain the
sales target of Rs.150 lakhs?

3.The equations of the two lines of regression are 2x + 3y− 6 = 0 and 5x

+ 7y− 12 = 0
a. Identify the regression lines.
b. Find the value of the correlation coefficient (Given√0.933 = 0.9667.)

4.The age in years of 7 young couples is given below. Calculate

husband’s age when
wife’s age is 38 years.

Husband(x) 21 25 26 24 22 30 20
Wife(y) 19 20 24 20 22 24 18
5.Given the following information about the production and demand of
a commodity.
Obtain the two regression lines :

PRODUCTION(X) DEMAND(Y)
MEAN 85 90
VARIANCE 25 36
Coefficient of correlation between X and Y is 0.6. Also estimate the
demand when the production is 100 units.
6.The equations of the two lines of regression are 6x + y− 31 = 0 and
3x + 2y− 26=0.
a. Identify the regression lines
b. Find the value of the correlation coefficient.
c .Calculate the mean values of x and y.
7.Two samples from bivariate populations have 15 observations each.
The sample means of
X and Y are 25 and 18 respectively. The corresponding sum of
squares of deviations from
means are 136 and 148 respectively. The sum of product of
deviations from respective
means is 122.Obtain the regression equation of x on y.

8. For 50 students of a class, the regression equation of marks in

Statistics(X) on the marks in
accountancy(Y) is 3y-5x+180 =0.The mean marks in accountancy is
9
44 and the variance of marks in Statistics is ( ) th of variance of
16
marks in Accountancy .Find the mean marks in Statistics and the
correlation coefficient between the marks of the two subjects.
9. If n = 5,Σx = Σy = 20, Σx² = Σy² = 90 , Σxy = 76
Find
a. Covariance (x,y)
b. Find the regression equation of x on y.

10. If n = 6, Σx = 36, Σy = 60,Σxy = -67 , Σx² =50 , Σy² =106,

Estimate y when x is 13.
11.Compute the appropriate regression equation for the following data:
x(Dependent 10 12 13 17 18
Variable)
y(Independent 5 6 7 9 13
Variable)

12.For a certain bivariate data of a group of 10 students, the following

information gives the
internal marks obtained in English (X)and Hindi (Y) :
X Y
MEAN 13 17
STANDARD 3 2
DEVIATION

If Σ(x-𝑥̅ ) (y-𝑦̅ ) = 36, Estimate x when y =16 and y when x=10.

 V Activity questions:
(1)

X Y x-𝑥̅ y-𝑦̅ (x-𝑥̅ ) (y- (x-𝑥̅ )² (y-𝑦̅)²

𝑦̅)

1 5 -2 -4 8 4 16
2 7 -1 -2 1 4
3 9 0 0 0 0 0
4 11 1 2 2 4 4
5 13 2 4 8 1 16
Total=15 Total=45 Total=0 Total= 0 Total= Total=10 Total=40

Mean of x =𝑥̅ =

Mean of y =𝑦̅ =
 bxy =

byx =

Regression equation of x on y is x-𝑥̅ = bxy (y-𝑦̅)

⸫Regression equation of x on y is

Regression equation of y on x is y-𝑦̅ = byx (x-𝑥̅ )

⸫Regression equation of y on x is

(2). Mean of x= 53

Mean of y = 28

Regression coefficient of y on x = - 1.2

Regression coefficient of x on y= - 0.3

a. r =

b. When x=50,

y- = (50- )
 ⸫y=

c. When y= 25,

x- = (25- )

⸫x=

(3). Mean of x= 25
Mean of y =20
𝜎𝑥 = 4
𝜎𝑦 = 3
r = 0.5

byx =

bxy =

when x= 10,

y- = (10- )

⸫y=
(4).The regression equation of y on x is 2x-5y +60 =0.

Mean of x = 18

2 - 5 𝑦̅ + 60 = 0

⸫ 𝑦̅ =

𝜎𝑥 : 𝜎𝑦 = 3:2

byx =

⸫ byx = r

⸫r =

(5). The regression equation of x on y is 40x-18y = 214… ( i )

The regression equation of y on x is 8x -10y +66 =0….. ( ii)

Solving equations i and ii,

𝑥̅ =

𝑦̅ =

⸫ byx =

⸫ bxy =
⸫r=

Given variance of x = 9

⸫ byx = r

⸫ 𝜎𝑦 =

(6)
X y xy x² y²
6 9 54 36 81
2 11 22 4 121
10 5 50 100 25
4 8 32 16 64
8 7 56 64 49
Total=30 Total=40 Total= Total= Total=
220

bxy =

byx =

⸫Regression equation of x on y is

⸫Regression equation of y on x is
 4. TIME SERIES
I) Choose the correct alternative.
1. Which of the following can’t be a component of a time series?
(a) Seasonality (b) Cyclical (c) Trend (d) Mean
2. Which component of time series refers to erratic time series
movements that follow no recognizable or regular pattern?
(a) Trend (b) Seasonal (c) Cyclical (d) Irregular
3. The following trend line equation was developed for annual sales
from 1984 to 1990 with 1984 as base or zero year.
Y = 500 + 60X (in 1000 ₹). The estimated sales for 1984 (in 1000 ₹) is:
(a) 500 (b) 560 (c) 1,040 (d) 1,100
4. An overall upward or downward pattern in an annual time series
would be contained in which component of the times series
(a) Trend (b) Cyclical (c) Irregular (d) Seasonal
5. Moving averages are useful in identifying
(a) Seasonal component (b) Irregular component
(c) Trend component (d) cyclical component
II) Fill in the blanks
1. _________ components of time series is indicated by a smooth line.
2. _________ component of time series is indicated by periodic variation
year after year.
3. The complicated but efficient method of measuring trend of time
series is ________
4. The simplest method of measuring trend of time series is __________
5. The method of measuring trend of time series using only averages is
_____
III) State whether each of the following is True or False.

1. The secular trend component of time series represents irregular

variations.
2. Seasonal variation can be observed over several years.
3. Cyclical variation can occur several times in a year.
4. Moving average method of finding trend is very complicated and
involves several calculations.
5. Least squares method of finding trend is very simple and does not
involve any calculations.
IV) Solve the following problems.
1. Following table shows the amount of sugar production (in lac tons)
for the years 1971 to 1982.
Year 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Production 1 0 1 2 3 2
Year 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982
Production 4 6 5 1 4 10

Fit a trend line by the method of least squares.

2. Obtain trend values for data in Problem 1 using 4-yearly centered
moving averages.
3. The following table gives the production of steel (in millions of tons)
for years 1976 to 1986.

Fit a trend line by the method of least squares. Also, obtain the trend
value for the year 1990.
4. Obtain the trend values for the above data using 3-yearly moving
averages.
5. Use the method of least squares to fit a trend line to the data in
Problem 6 below. Also, obtain the trend value for the year 1975.
6. The following table shows the production of gasoline in U.S.A. for
the years 1962 to 1976.
Obtain trend values for the above data using 5-yearly moving averages.
Year 196 196 196 196 196 196 196 196
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Production(millio 0 0 1 1 2 3 4 5
n barrels)
Year 197 197 197 197 197 197 197
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Production(millio 6 8 9 9 8 9 10
n barrels)

V) Activity based questions

1. Following table shows the all India infant mortality rates (per ‘000)
for years 1980 to 2000.

Fit a trend line by the method of least squares.

Solution: Let us fit equation of trend line for above data.
Let the equation of trend line be y = a + b.x ... (i)
Here n = 7 (odd), one middle year and h =1
Year IMR (y) x X2 x.y
1980 10 -3 9 -30
1985 7 -2 4 -28
1990 5 -1 1 -5
1995 4 0 0 0
2000 3 1 1 3
2005 1 2 4 4
2010 0 3 9 0
Total 30 0 28 -56
The normal equations are
Σy = na + b Σx
As, Σx = 0, a =
Also, Σxy = a Σx + b Σx2
As, Σx = 0, b =
∴The equation of trend line is y =
2. Obtain trend values for data in Problem 1 using 3-yearly moving
averages.
Solution:
Year IMR 3 yearly 3-yearly
moving total moving
average
(trend value)

1980 10 - -
1985 7 7.33
1990 5 16
1995 4 12 4
2000 3 8
2005 1 1.33
2010 0 - -

3. Fit equation of trend line for the data given below.

Year Production (y) x X2 x.y
2006 19 -9 81 -171
2007 20 -7 49 -104
2008 14 -5 25 -70
2009 16 -3 9 -48
2010 17 -1 1 -17
2011 16 1 1 16
 2012 18 3 9 54
2013 17 5 25 85
2014 21 7 49 147
2015 19 9 81 171
Total 177 0 330 33
Let the equation of trend line be y = a + bx..... (i)
Here n = (even), two middle years are and 2011, and h =
The normal equations are Σy = na + bΣx
As Σx = 0, a =
Also, Σxy = aΣx + bΣx2
As Σx = 0, b =
Substitute values of a and b in equation (i) the equation of trend line is
To find trend value for the year 2016, put x = in the above
equation.
y=
4. Complete the table using 4 yearly moving average method.
Year Production 4 yearly 4 yearly 4 yearly
moving centered centered
total total moving
average
(trend
values)
2006 19 - -

2007 20 -
 72
2008 17 142 17.75
70
2009 16 17

2010 17 133
67
2011 16

2012 18 140 17.5

72
2013 17 147 18.375
75
2014 21 - -
-
2015 19 - -

5. INDEX NUMBERS
I) Choose the correct alternative.
1. Price Index Number by using Weighted Aggregate Method is
given by
 ∑ 𝑝1 𝑞
(a) ∑ 𝑝0 𝑞
x 100
(b) ∑ 𝑝1 𝑤 x 100
∑ 𝑝1 𝑤
(c) ∑ 𝑝0 𝑤
x 100
∑ 𝑝0 𝑤
(d) ∑ 𝑝1 𝑤
x 100

∑ 𝑝1 𝑞0
2. The formula P01 = ∑ x 100 is for
𝑝0 𝑞0
(a) Laspeyre’s Price Index Number
(b) Paasche’s Price Index Number
(c) Fisher’s Price Index Number
(d) Walsh’s Price Index Number

3. Dorbish–Bowley’s Price Index Number is

(a) P01 (L) + P01 (P)
(b) P01 (L) - P01 (P)
𝑃01 (𝐿) + 𝑃01 (𝑃)
(c) x 100
2
𝑃01 (𝐿) + 𝑃01 (𝑃)
(d)
2

∑ 𝑝1 𝑞1 𝑤
4. ∑ 𝑝0 𝑞0 𝑤
x 100 gives
(a) Value Index Number by Simple Aggregate method
(b) Value Index Number by Weighted Aggregate method
(c) Cost of Living Index Number
(d) Laspeyre’s Index Number

5. Walsh's Price Index Number is given by

∑ 𝑞0 √𝑝0 𝑝1
(a) ∑ 𝑞1 √𝑝0 𝑝1
x 100
 ∑ 𝑝0 √𝑞0 𝑞1
(b) ∑ 𝑝1 √𝑞0 𝑞1
x 100
∑ 𝑞1 √𝑝0 𝑝1
(c) ∑ 𝑞0 √𝑝0 𝑝1
x 100
∑ 𝑝1 √𝑞0 𝑞1
(d) ∑ 𝑝0 √𝑞0 𝑞1
x 100

6. Quantity Index Number by Simple Aggregate Method is given

by
𝑞
(a) ∑ 1 x 100
𝑞0
𝑞0
(b) ∑ x 100
𝑞1
∑ 𝑞1
(c) ∑ 𝑞0
x 100
∑ 𝑞0
(d) ∑ 𝑞1
x 100

7. Fisher’s Price Index Number is

(a) √ 𝑃01 (𝐿) 𝑥 𝑃01 (𝑃)
(b) 𝑃01 (𝐿) 𝑥 𝑃01 (𝑃)
(c) √ 𝑃01 (𝐿) 𝑥 𝑃01 (𝑃) x 100
(d) √ 𝑃01 (𝐿) + 𝑃01 (𝑃)

8. The Cost of Living Index Number using Weighted Relative

Method is given by
∑ 𝐼𝑊
(a) ∑𝑊
x 100

∑ 𝐼𝑊
(b) ∑𝑊

∑𝑊
(c) ∑ 𝐼𝑊
x 100
 ∑𝑊
(d) ∑ 𝐼𝑊

9. The Cost of Living Index Number by Aggregate Expenditure

Method is same as
(a) Fisher’s Price Index Number
(b) Laspeyre’s Price Index Number
(c) Paasche’s Price Index Number
(d) Dorbish-Bowley’s Price Index Number

II) Fill in the blanks.

1. Price Index Number by Simple Aggregate Method is

given by ................ .
2. Value Index Number by Simple Aggregate Method is
given by .........
3. Fisher's Price Index Number is given by ..............
4. Marshall-Edgeworth's Price Index Number is given by
…………..
5. The Cost of Living Index Number by Aggregate
Expenditure Method is given by …………
6. The average of Laspeyre’s and Paasche’s Price Index
Numbers is called……………..Price Index Number.
7. Quantity Index Number by Weighted Aggregate
Method is given by ................ .
8. Price Index Number by Weighted Aggregate Method is
given by ................ .

III) State whether each of the following is True or False.

 1. Walsh’s Price Index Number is given by
∑ 𝑝1 √𝑞0 𝑞1
∑ 𝑝0 √𝑞0 𝑞1
x 100
2. The three types of Index numbers are i) Price Index
Number, ii) Quantity Index Number, iii) Value
Index Number.
∑ 𝐼𝑊
3. For Cost of Living Index Number CLI = ∑𝑊
,
where
𝑝
I = 0 x 100 and w = 𝑝0 𝑞0
𝑝1
4. Purchasing power of money =
1
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐿𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟
𝑞1
5. ∑ x 100 is the Quantiy Index Number by Simple
𝑞0
Aggregate Method.
∑ 𝑝1 𝑞1
6. ∑ 𝑝0 𝑞1
x 100 is Paasche’s Price Index Number.
∑ 𝑝0 √𝑞0+ 𝑞1
7. ∑ 𝑝1 √𝑞0 +𝑞1
x 100 is Marshall-Edgeworth Price
Index Number.
∑ 𝑝1 𝑞1 ∑ √𝑞0 𝑞1
8. [ √ ∑ + ∑(𝑝 ] x 100 is Fisher’s Price Index
𝑝0 𝑞1 0 +𝑝1 )
Number.
𝑝 𝑞
9. ∑ 1 1 x 100 is the Value Index Number by Simple
𝑝0 𝑞0
Aggregate Method.

IV) Solve the following problems.

1. Find Price Index Number using Simple Aggregate
method by taking 2005 as base year.
commodity P Q R S T

Price in 2005 (in Rs.) 10 25 14 20 30

 Price in 2015 (in Rs.) 32 40 20 45 70

2. Find Quantity Index Number using Simple Aggregate

method.
Commodity A B C D E
Base year Quantity 170 150 100 195 205

Current year 90 70 75 150 95

Quantity

3. Calculate Value Index Number for the following using

Simple Aggregate Method.
Commodity Base Year Current Year
Price Quantity Price Quantity
A 30 13 40 15
B 40 15 70 20
C 10 12 60 22
D 50 10 90 18
E 20 14 100 16

4. Calculate Quantity Index Number using Simple

Aggregate method.
Commodity I II III IV V
Base year Quantity 140 120 100 200 225

Current year 100 80 70 150 185

Quantity
5. Find Price Index Number using Simple Aggregate
method by taking 2000 as base year.
Commodity Price (in Price (in
Rs.) for Rs.) for
year 2000 year 2007
Watch 900 1475
Shoes 1760 2300
Sunglasses 600 1040
Mobile 4500 8500

6. Find x if the Price Index Number by Simple Aggregate

Method is 125.
Commodity P Q R S T
Base Year Price (in Rs.) 10 8 12 24 18
Current Year Price (in 14 10 x 28 22
Rs.)

7. Find values x and y if the Price Index Number by

Simple Aggregate Method by taking 2001 as base year
is 120, given
∑ 𝑝1 = 300.
Commodity A B C D
Price (in Rs) in 90 x 90 30
2001
Price (in Rs) in 95 60 y 35
2004
8. Find x from following data if the Value Index Number is
200

Base Year Current Year

Commodity Price Quantity Price Quantity
A 10 10 20 10
B 8 20 22 15
C 2 X 8 10
D 9 10 16 10
E 5 6 3 10

9. Calculate a) Laspeyre’s, b) Paasche’s, and c) Dorbish-

Bowley’s Price Index Numbers for following data.
Base Year Current Year
Commodit Price Quantity Price Quantity
y
A 10 9 50 8
B 20 5 60 4
C 30 7 70 3
D 40 8 80 2

10. Calculate Marshall-Edgeworth Price Index Number for

following.
Base Year Current Year
Commodit Price Quantity Price Quantity
y
 A 8 20 11 15
B 7 10 12 10
C 3 30 5 25
D 2 50 4 35

11. Calculate Walsh’s price Index Number for the

following data.

Base Year Current Year

Commodity Price Quantity Price Quantity
I 10 12 40 3
II 20 2 25 8
III 30 3 50 27
IV 60 9 90 36

12. If P01(L) = 40 and P01(P) = 90, find P01(D-B) and

P01(F).

13. If Laspeyre’s and Paasche’s Price Index Numbers are

50 & 72 respectively, find Dorbish-Bowley’s and
Fisher’s Price Index
Numbers.

14. Given P01(M-E) =120, ∑ 𝑝1 𝑞1 = 300, ∑ 𝑝0 𝑞0 =

120, ∑ 𝑝0 𝑞1 = 320, Find P01(L).
15. Find the missing price if Laspeyre’s and Paasche’s
Price Index Numbers are equal for following data.
Base Year Current Year
Commodit Price Quantity Price Quantity
y
A 1 10 2 5
B 1 5 – 12

16. If ∑ 𝑝0 𝑞0 = 150, ∑ 𝑝0 𝑞1 = 250, ∑ 𝑝1 𝑞1 = 375 and

P01(L) = 140. find P01(M-E).

17. Calculate the Cost of Living Index Number for the

following data.

Current
Base Year Year
Group
Price Quantity Price
Food 40 5 20
Clothing 30 10 35
Fuel and Lighting 20 17 10
House Rent 60 22 10
Miscellaneous 70 25 8
 18. Calculate the Cost of Living Index by Family Budget
method in following example where W are wages of
base year and I are current year price relatives.
Fuel and House Miscella-
Group Food Clothing Lighting Rent neous
I 150 140 100 120 200
W 4 3 3 4 6

19. Find the missing wage if the Cost of Living Index for
the following data is 150.
Fuel and House Miscella
Group Food Clothing Lighting Rent - neous
I 200 150 140 100 120
W 6 4 x 3 4

20. The Cost of Living Index Numbers for years 2003

and 2008 are 150 and 200 respectively. A person earned
Rs. 18,000 per month in year 2003. What should be his
earning per month in year 2008, so as to maintain same
standard of living as 2003?

V) Activity
1. Given the following table, find Walsh’s Price Index
Number by completing the activity.
Commodit P0 Q P1 Q Q0Q √𝑄0 𝑄1 P0 P1
y 0 1 1
 √𝑄0 𝑄1 √𝑄0 𝑄1

I 2 9 3 4 36 ….. ….. 180

0 0
II 1 5 5 5 ….. 5 50 …..
0 0
III 4 8 1 2 16 …. 160
0 0
IV 3 4 2 1 ….. 2 …. 40
0 0
Total - - - - - 390

Walsh’s price Index Number is

…….
P01(W) = ∑ x 100
𝑝0 √𝑞0 𝑞1

510
= x 100
……
=

2. Given the following table, find the Cost of living Index

Number using Aggregate Expenditure Method by
completing the activity.

Group P0 Q0 P1 P0Q0 P1Q0

A 23 4 25 ….. 100
B 15 5 20 75 …..
C 5 9 8 …. 72
D 12 5 18 60 …..
 E 8 6 13 …. 78
Total - - - 320

Therefore Cost of Living Index using Aggregate

Expenditure method is
∑ 𝑝1 𝑞0
CLI = ∑ x
𝑝0 𝑞0
= x 100

6. LINEAR PROGRAMMING PROBLEMS

1. Select the most appropriate option for each of the

following.
i) If LPP has optimal solution at two point then,
a) LPP will give unique solution
b) LPP will give two solutions.
c) LPP will give infinite solutions.
d) LPP will not give any convex set.
ii) The feasible region is
a) common region determined by all the constraints
b) common region determined by the non-negativity
constraints
 c) either of the options a or b
d) both the options a & b
iii) The maximum value of Z = 3x + 5y subjected to the
constraints x +y ≤ 2,
4x + 3y ≤ 12, x≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0 is
a)10. b) 9. c)15. d) 20
iv) The minimum value of Z = 4x + 5y subjected to the
constraints x + y ≥ 6,
5x + y ≥ 10, x, y ≥ 0 is
a) 28. b) 29. c) 30. d) 31
v) The point at which the minimum value of Z = 8x + 12y
subject to the constraints 2x +y ≥ 8, x + 2y≥ 10 x≥
0, 𝑦 ≥ 0 is obtained at the point
a) (8,0) b) (9, 1) c) (2, 4) d) (10, 0)
vi) The point at which the maximum value of Z = 4x + 6y
subject to the constraints 3x + 2y ≤ 12, x + y ≥ 4, x ≥
0, 𝑦 ≥ 0 is obtained at the point
a) (0, 6) b) (6,0) c) (0, 4) d) (4, 0)
vii Z = 9x + 13y subjected to constraints 2x +3y ≤18, 2x + y
) ≤ 10, 0 ≤ x, y was found to be maximum at the point
a) (3,4) b) (0, 6) c) (5, 0) d) (9, 0)
vii The Corner points of feasible region for the inequations , x
i) + y ≤5,x +2y≤ 6, x≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0 is
a)(0,3),(5,0),(0,5),(6,0) b)
(0,3),(5,0),(4,1),(0,0) c) (0,0),(1,4),(5,0),(0,3)
 d) (3,0),(0,5)(0,0),(4,1)

ix) The corner points of the feasible region are (0,3), (3,0),
(8,0), (12/5,38/5) and (0,10), then the point of maximum z
= 6x + 4y= 48 is at
a) (0.10) b) (8,0) c) (12/5,38/5) d)
(3,0)
x) The corner points of the feasible region are (4, 2), (5,0), (4,
1) and (6,0) then the point of minimum z = 3.5x + 2y= 16
is at
b) (4, 2)) b) (5,0) c) (6,0) d) (4, 1)
The constraint that in a college there are more scholarship
xi) holders in FYJC class(X) than in SYJC class (Y) is given
by
a) X > Y b) X < Y c) X = Y d) X ≠ Y
xii How does a constraint,” A washing machine can hold up
) to 8 kilograms of cloths(X)” can be given?
a) X ≥ 8 b) X ≤ 8 c) X ≠ 8 d) X = 8

B State whether each of the following statement is TRUE

or FALSE
i) The
T maximum value of Z = 5x + 3y subjected to
h
constraints 3x+y ≤ 12, 2x + 3y ≤ 18, 0 ≤ x , y is 20.
e

ii) Objective function of LPP is a relation between the

decision variables.
iii) If LPP has two optimal solutions then the LPP has
infinitely many solution
iv) LPP is related to efficient use of limited resources
v) A convex set includes the points but not the segment
joining the points.
vi) If the corner points of the feasible region are (0, 7/3),(2,
1),(3, 0) & (0,0) then the maximum value of Z = 4x + 5y is
12 .
vii If the corner points of the feasible region are (0, 10),(2, 2)
) & (4, 0) then the minimum value of Z = 3x + 2y is at (4, 0)
vii The half plane represented by 3x + 4y ≥ 12 includes the
i) point (4,3)
ix) Corner point method is most suitable method for solving
the LPP graphically
x) Of all the points of feasible region, the optimal value is
obtained at the boundary of the feasible region
xi) The point (6,4) does not belong to the feasible region
bounded by 8x +5y ≤ 60,4x + 5y ≤ 40, 0 ≤ x,y
xii The Graphical solution set of the inequation 0 ≤y, x ≥ 0
) lies in second quadrant.
C Fill in each of the following blanks
i) The variables involved in LPP are called ____________
ii) Constraints are always in the form of ___________
or__________
iii) A set of values of variables satisfying all the constraints of
LPP is known as _____
iv) By spending almost ₹ 250 ,Rakhi bought some kg
grapes(x) & some dozens of bananas(y), then as a
constraint this information can be expressed by_______
v) Tyco Cycles Ltd manufactures bicycles(x) & tricycles(y).
The profit earned from the sales of each bicycle & a
tricycle is ₹400 & ₹200 respectively, then the total profit
earned by the manufacturer will be given as
____________
vi) A doctor prescribed 2 types of vitamin tablets, T1 & T2 for
Mr. Dhawan. The tablet T1 contains 400 units of vitamin
& T2 contains 250 units of vitamin. If his requirement of
vitamin is at least 4000 units then the inequation for his
requirement will be _______
vii The feasible region represented by the inequations x≥
) 0, 𝑦 ≤ 0 lies in ______ quadrant.

vii Heramb requires at most 400 calories from his breakfast.

i) Every morning he likes to take oats & milk. If each bowl
of oats & a glass of milk provides him 80 calories & 50
calories respectively, then as a constraint this information
can be expressed as ____________
ix) Ganesh owns a godown used to store electronic gadgets
like refrigerator(x) & microwave(y),If the godown can
accommodate at most 75 gadgets, then this can be
expressed as a constraint by _________________
x) Ms. Mohana want to invest at least ₹55000 in Mutual
funds & fixed deposits, Mathematically this information
can be written as ____________
xi) If the feasible region is bounded by the inequations 2x +3y
≤ 12, 2x + y ≤ 8, 0 ≤ 𝑥, 0 ≤ 𝑦 then point (5,4) is a
 ________ of the feasible region
xii The constraint that in a particular XII class, number of
) boys are les s than number of girls is given
by_______________
D Solve the following problems
i) A company manufactures 2 types of goods P & Q that
requires copper & brass. Each unit of type P requires 2
grams of brass & 1 gram of copper while one unit of type
Q requires 1 gram of brass & 2 grams of copper. The
company has only 90 grams of brass & 80 grams of
copper. Each unit of type P & Q brings profit of ₹400 &
₹500 respectively. Find the number of units of each type
the company should produce to maximize its profit
ii) A dealer deals in two products X & Y. He has ₹1,00,000/-
to invest & space to store 80 pieces. Product X costs ₹
2500/- & product Y costs ₹ 1000/- per unit. Construct the
LPP and find the number of units of each product to be
purchased.
iii) A company manufactures two types of ladies dresses ,C &
D. The raw material & labour available per day is given in
the table.
Resources Dress C(x) Dress D(y) Max.
availability
Raw 5 4 60
material
Labour 5 3 50
P is the profit, if P = 50x + 100y, solve this LPP to find x
& y to get the maximum profit.
iv) Smita is a diet conscious house wife, wishes to ensure
certain minimum intake of vitamin A, B & C for the
family. The minimum daily needs of vitamin A, B & C for
the family are 30, 20, & 16 units respectively. For the
supply of the minimum vitamin requirements Smita relies
on 2 types of foods F1 & F2. F1 provides 7, 5 & 2 units of
A, B, C vitamins per 10 grams & F2 provides 2, 4 & 8
units of A, B & C vitamins per 10 grams. F1 costs ₹ 3 & F2
costs ₹ 2 per 10 grams. How many grams of each F1 & F2
should buy every day to keep her food bill minimum.
v) A chemist has a compound to be made using 3 basic
elements X, Y, Z so that it has at least 10 litres of X, 12
litres of Y & 20 litres of Z. He makes this compound by
mixing two compounds (I) & (II). Each unit compound (I)
had 4 litres of X, 3 litres of Y. Each unit compound (II)
had 1 litres of X, 2 litres of Y & 4 litres of Z. The unit
costs of compound (I) & (II) are ₹400 & ₹600
respectively. Find the number of units of each compound
to be produced so as to minimize the cost.
vi) A wholesale dealer deals in two kinds of mixtures A & B
of nuts. Each kg of mixture A contains 60 grams of
almonds, 30 grams of cashew & 30 grams of hazel nuts.
Each kg of mixture B contains 30 grams of almonds, 60
grams of cashew & 180 grams of hazel nuts. A dealer is
contemplating to use mixtures A & B to make a bag which
will contain at least 240 grams of almonds, 300 grams of
cashew and 540 grams of hazel nuts Mixture A costs ₹8 &
B costs ₹12 per kg. How many kgs of each mixture should
he use to minimize the cost of the kgs.
vii Maximize Z =2x + 3y subject to constraints
)
 x + 4y ≤ 8, 3x + 2y ≤ 14, x ≥ 0 , y ≥ 0
vii Maximize Z = 5x + 10y subject to constraints
i)
x + 2y ≤ 10 , 3x + y ≤ 12 , x ≥ 0 , y ≥ 0
ix) Maximize Z = 400x + 500y subject to constraints
x + 2y ≤ 80 ,2x + y ≤ 90, x ≥ 0 , y ≥ 0
x) Minimize Z = 24x + 40y subject to constraints
6x + 8y ≥ 96, 7x + 12y ≥ 168, x ≥ 0 , y ≥ 0
xi) Minimize Z = x + 4y subject to constraints
x + 3y ≥ 3 , 2x + y ≥ 2, x ≥ 0 , y ≥ 0
xii Minimize Z = 2x + 3y subject to constraints
)
x + y ≥ 6 , 2x + y ≥ 7, x + 4y ≥ 8 , x ≥ 0 , y ≥ 0
E Activities
i) Amartya wants to invest ₹45,000 in Indira Vikas Patra
(IVP) & in Public Provident fund (PPF). He wants to
invest at least ₹ 10,000 in PPF & at least ₹5000 in IVP. If
the rate of interest on PPF is 8% per annum & that on IVP
is 7% per annum. Formulate the above problem as LPP to
determine maximum yearly income.
Solu: Let x be the amount (in ₹) invested in IVP & y be
the amount (in ₹) invested in PPF
x≥0,y≥0
As per the given condition, x + y ___ 45000
He wants to invest at least ₹ 10,000 in PPF
∴ y __ 10000
 Amartya wants to invest at least ₹5000 in IVP
∴ x __ 5000
Total interest(Z) = ___________
The formulated LPP is
Maximize Z = __________ subject to

_________________

ii) Solve the following LPP graphically :

Maximize Z = 9x + 13y subject to constraints
2x +3y ≤ 18, 2x + y ≤ 10, x ≥ 0 , y ≥ 0
Solu: Convert the constraints into equations & find the
intercept made by each one of it.
Inequatio Equation X Y Region
n intercept intercept
2x +3y ≤ 2x + 3y = (9, 0) (0,--) Towards
18 18 origin
2x + y ≤ 2x + y = (--, 0) (0,10) Towards
10 10 origin
x ≥ 0, y X =0, y = X axis Y axis --------------
≥0 0
The feasible region is OAPC Where O(0,0), A(0,6),
 P(--,--),C(5,0)
The optimal solution is in the following table
Poin Coordina Z = 9x + 13y Values Remark
t tes
O (0,0) 9(0)+13(0) 0
A (0,6) 9(0)+13(6) -----
P (--,--) 9(--)+13(--) ----- ------------
-
C (5,0) 9(5)+13(0) -----
∴ Z is maximum at __ (__ , __ ) with the value __
iii) Solve the LPP graphically:
Minimize Z = 4x + 5y
Subject to the constraints 5x + y ≥ 10, x + y ≥ 6, x + 4y ≥
12, x , y ≥ 0
Solu: Convert the constraints into equations & find the
intercept made by each one of it.
Inequati Equation X Y Region
ons s intercept intercept
5x + y ≥ 5x + y = (--,0) (0, 10) Away from
10 10 origin
x+y≥ x + y = 6 (6, 0) (0,--) Away from
6 origin
x + 4y ≥ x + 4y = (12, 0) (0, 3) Away from
12 12 origin
x , y ≥ 0 X =0, y X=0 Y=0 Ist quadrant
=0
∵ Origin has not satisfied the inequation
Solution of the inequations
is away from origin.

The feasible region is unbounded

area which is satisfied by all
constraints
In the figure, ABCD represents
The set of feasible solution where
A (12,0), B (--, --), C (--, --) &
D (0, 10)
The coordinates of B are
Obtained by solving equations
x + 4y = 12 & x + y = 6
 The coordinates of C are
Obtained by solving equations
5x + y = 10 & x + y = 6
Hence the optimum solution lies at the extreme points
The optimal solution is in the following table
Poin Coordina Z = 4x + 5y Values Remark
t tes
A (12,0) 4(12) + 5(0) 48
B (--,--) 4(--) + 5(--) ----- ------------
-
C (--,--) 4(--) + 5(--) -----
D (0, 10) 4(0) + 5(10) 50
∴ Z is maximum at __ (__ , __ ) with the value __ .

7. ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS AND SEQUENCING

I) Select and write the most appropriate answer from the given
alternatives for each sub question. [1 mark each]
1. The assignment problem is generally defined as a problem of …
(a) maximization (b) minimization (c) allocation (d) restriction

2. Assignment Problem is special case of ….

(a) Linear Programming Problem (b) Unbalanced Problem
(c) Restricted Problem (d) Sequencing Problem
3. The assignment problem is solved by ….
(a) Simplex method (b) Hungarian method
(c) vector method (d) Graphical method

4. The cost matrix of an unbalanced assignment problem is not a …

(a) Unit matrix (b) triangular matrix
(c) rectangular matrix (d) square matrix

5. When an assignment problem has more than one solution, then it is…
(a) double optimal solution (b) infinite optimal solution
(c) multiple optimal solution (d) dual optimal solution

6. The assignment problem is said to be balanced if…

(a) no. of rows = no. of columns (b) no. of rows ≠ no. of columns
(c) no. of rows < no. of columns (d) no. of rows> no. of columns

7.
Machine Job
A B C D
I 5 6 8 4
II 4 7 9 10
The optimal sequence for above data is
(a) CDBA (b) DBCA (c) BCDA (d) ABCD

8. In sequencing, an optimal path that minimizes ….

(a) Elapsed time (b) Idle time
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Ready time

9. If there are 3 machines A, B and C, conditions for reducing a 3

machine problem to a 2 machine problem with respect to
minimum processing time is…
(a) Min Ai ≥ Max Bi OR Min Ci ≥ Max Bi, i=1,2,3…n.
(b) Min Ai ≤ Max Bi OR Min C ≤ Max Bi, i=1,2,3,...n.
(c) Max Ai ≥ Min Bi OR Max B ≥ Min Ai, i=1,2,3,…n.
(d) Max Ai ≤ Min Bi OR Max B ≤ Min Ai, i=1,2,3,…n.
10. The objective of sequencing problem is
(a) to find the order in which jobs are to be made
(b) to find the time required for the completing all the job on
hand
(c) to find the sequence in which jobs on hand are to be
processed to minimize the total time required for processing
the jobs.
(d) to maximization the cost.

11. If there are n jobs and m machines, then there will be ….

sequence of doing jobs.
(a) mn (b) m(n!) (c) nm (d) (n!)m

12. In solving 2 machine and n jobs sequencing problem, the

following assumption is wrong
(a) No passing is allowed
(b) Processing times are known
(c) Handling time is negligible
(d) The time of passing depends on the order of machining.

II) Fill in the blanks. [1 mark each]

1. If the given matrix is …… matrix, the assignment problem is
called balanced problem.

2. An unbalanced assignment problems can be balanced by adding

dummy rows or columns with …… cost.

3. A …. assignment problem does not allow some worker(s) to be

assign to some job(s).

4. In an assignment problem if number of rows is greater than

number of columns, then dummy .…. is added.
 5. The Hungarian method is an .… algorithm that solves an
assignment problem.

6. In assignment problem each worker or machine is …… capable

of handling any job.

7. In sequencing problems one has to …. the total processing time or

cost.

8. In sequencing problem the time which required to complete all the

jobs i.e. entire task is called ….

9. ….. time is the time when the machine is available but is waiting
for a job to be processed.

10.In sequencing problem the time required to transfer a job from

one machine to another is…..

11.
Books A B C D
Printing 5 8 10 7
Data Entry 7 4 3 6
The optimum sequence for the above data is …….

12. In sequencing problem one has to determine the …. in which jobs

has to processed through the machines.

III) State whether each of the following is true or false.[1 mark each]
1. The objective of an assignment problem is to assign number of jobs
to equal number of persons at maximum cost.
 2. To convert the assignment problem into maximization problem, the
smallest element in the matrix is to deducted from all other
elements.

3. Optimal assignments are made in the Hungarian method to cells in

the reduced matrix that contain a zero.

4. In assignment problem, if number of column is greater than number

of rows, then a dummy row is added.

5. The Hungarian method is used to assign n jobs on 2 machines to

get the optimal sequence.

6. In assignment problem each worker or machine is assigned only

one job.

7. One of the assumptions is made while sequencing n jobs on 2

machines is: two jobs must be loaded at a time on any machine.

8. The Total Elapsed is the time required to complete all the jobs i.e.
entire task.

9. The idle time for a machine is the when machine is available but is
not waiting for any job to be processed.

10.In sequencing problem the processing times are dependent of order

of processing the jobs on machine.

11. In sequencing problem each job once started on any machine must
be processed still its completion.

12. In sequencing problem each machine is of different type.

IV) Attempt the following questions.[3 or 4 marks each]

 1. Four new machines M1, M2, M3 and M4 are to be installed in
machine shop. There are five vacant places A, B, C, D and E
available. Because of limited space, machine M2 cannot be placed
at C and M3 cannot be placed at A. The cost of matrix given below:
Machines Places
A B C D E
M1 4 6 10 5 6
M2 7 4 - 5 4
M3 - 6 9 6 2
M4 9 3 7 2 3

Find the optimal assignment schedule.

2. Solve the following assignment problem to maximize sales:

Salesmen Territoris
A I II III IV V
B 11 16 18 15 15
C 7 19 11 13 17
D 9 6 14 14 7
E 13 12 17 11 13

3. Consider the problem of assigning of five operators to five

machines. The assignment costs are given in the following table:

Operator Machine
1 2 3 4 5
A 6 6 - 3 7
B 8 5 3 4 5
C 10 4 6 - 4
D 8 3 7 8 3
E 7 6 8 10 2
 4. Find the assignments of salesman to various district which will
yield maximum profit.
Salesman District
1 2 3 4
A 16 10 12 11
B 12 13 15 15
C 15 15 11 14
D 13 14 14 15
5. A dairy plant has five milk tankers, I, II, III, IV and V. Three milk
tankers are to be used on five delivery routes A, B, C, D & E. The
distances (in kms) between the diary plant and the delivery routes are
given in the following distance matrix.
I II III IV V
A 150 120 175 180 200
B 125 110 120 150 165
C 130 100 145 160 170
D 40 40 70 70 100
E 45 25 60 70 95
How should the milk tankers be assigned to the chilling center so as to
minimize the distance travelled?

6. Find the sequence that minimizes the total elapsed time to

complete the following jobs. Each job is processed in the order
AB:

Machines Jobs (Processing times in minutes)

I II III IV V VI VII
Machine A 12 6 5 11 5 7 6
Machine B 7 8 9 4 7 8 3
Determine the sequence for the jobs so as to minimize the processing
time. Find the total elapsed time and the idle times for both the
machines.
 7. Find the optimal sequence that minimizes total time required to
complete the
Jobs I II III IV V following jobs
Lathe 4 1 5 2 5 in the order
Surface 3 2 4 2 6 ABC. The
Grinder processing
times are given in hours:
Jobs I II III IV V VI VII
Machine A 6 7 5 11 6 7 12
Machine B 4 3 2 5 1 5 3
Machine C 3 8 7 4 9 8 7

8. Five jobs must pass through a lathe and a surface grinder, in that
order. The processing time in hours are shown below. Determine
the optimal sequence of the jobs. Also, find the idle time of each
machine:

9. A toy manufacturing company produces five types of toys. Each

toy has to go through three machines A, B, C in the order ABC.
The time required in hours for each process is given in the
following table:

Type 1 2 3 4 5
Machine A 16 20 12 14 22
Machine B 10 12 4 6 8
Machine C 8 18 16 12 10
Solve the problem for minimizing the total elapsed time.
 10. Find the sequence that minimizes total elapsed time to
complete the following jobs in the order XY. Find the total elapsed
time and idle times for each machine.

Jobs A B C D E
Machine X 10 2 18 6 20
Machine Y 4 12 14 16 8

V) Activities [4 marks each]

1. For the following assignment problem minimize total man hours:

Subordinates Required hours for task
I II III IV
A 7 25 26 10
B 12 27 3 25
C 37 18 17 14
D 18 25 23 9

Subtract the element of each

From
every element of that

Subordinates Required hours for task

I II III IV
A 0 18 19 3
B 9 24 0 22
C 23 4 3 0
D 9 16 14 0

Subtract the smallest element in each column from

of that column.
Subordinates Required hours for task
I II III IV
A □ □ 19 □
B □ □ 0 □
C □ □ 3 □
D □ □ 14 □

The lines covering all zeros is to the

order of matrix

The assignment is made as follows:

subordinates Required hours for task

I II III IV
A 0 14 9 3
B 9 20 0 22
C 23 0 3 0
D 9 12 14 0
Optimum solution is shown as follows:
A→□, □→III, C→□, □→IV
Minimum hours required is hours

2. Solve the following problem of sequencing for minimizing the total

elapsed time and idle time for both the machines.
Job P Q R S T U
M1 1 4 6 3 5 2
M2 3 6 8 8 1 5

The optimal sequence of the jobs as follows:

Total elapsed time is obtained as follows:

Job Machine A Machine B Idle time
sequence Time In Time Out Time In Time Out for
Machine
B
P □ 1 1 □ □
U □ 3 4 □ □
S □ 6 9 □ □
Q □ 10 17 □ □
R □ 16 23 □ □
T □ 21 31 □ □

Total elapsed time T = □ minutes

Idle time for Machine A = T- □ = □ minutes
Idle time for Machine B = □

8. PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
I) Choose the correct alternative.
1) The variance of a Binomial distribution is given by

a) np b ) pq c ) npq d ) √𝑛𝑝𝑞

2) F(x) is c.d.f. of discrete r.v. X whose distribution is

xi -2 -1 0 1 2
pi 0.2 0.3 0.15 0.25 0.1
then F(-3) = ............
a) 0 b) 1 c) 0.2 d) 0.15
3) X : is number obtained on upper most face when a fair die is
 thrown then E(x) = ……….

a ) 3.0 b) 3.5 c) 4.0 d) 4.5

4) If p.m.f. of r. v. X is given below.

x 0 1 2
P(x) q2 2pq p2
then Var(x) = ............
a) p2 (b) q2 (c) pq (d) 2pq
5 ) The expected value of the sum of two numbers obtained when
two fair dice are rolled is ................
a) 5 b) 6 c) 7 d) 8
1
6) If X ~ B (20, ) , then E (x) =..............
10

a) 2 b) 5 c) 4 d) 3

7 ) A sequence of dichotomous experiments is called a sequence of

Bernoulli trials if it satisfies ----------
a) The trials are independent.
b) The probability of success remains the same in all trials.
c) a but not b
d) both a and b

8) For the Poisson distribution

a) Mean= E(X) = m
b) Var(X) = m
c) Mean = E(X) = m and Var(X) = m
 d) Mean = E(X) ≠ m and Var (X) = m.

9) A discrete random variable X is said to have the Poisson

distribution with parameter m if its p.m.f. is given by P(x) =
𝑒 −𝑚 𝑚𝑥
the condition for m is --
𝑥!
a) m > 0 b)m≥0 c)m ≠1 d ) m = 0.
II) Fill in the blanks.
1. The values of discrete r.v. are generally obtained by ....................
2. The values of continuous r.v.are generally obtained by .................
3. If X is discrete random variable takes the values x1, x2, x3, ... xn then
∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑃(𝑥𝑖 ) = ⋯
n

4. E(x) is considered to be ........... of the probability distribution of x.

5. In Binomial distribution probability of success ------------------
from trial to trial.
6. In Binomial distribution if n is very large and probability of success
of p is very small such that np = m (constant) then...............
distribution is applied
7. When n is very large and p is very small in the binomial distribution,
then X follows the Poisson distribution with parameter m =
……
III) State whether each of the following is True or False.
1) X is the number obtained on upper most face when a die is thrown
then E(x) = 3.5.
2) If f(x) = k x (1 -x) , for 0 < x < 1
=0 , otherwise , is the p.d.f. of a r. v. X then
k = 12 .
1
3) If X ~ B(n , p) and n = 6 and P(x =4) = P(x = 2) then 𝑝 =
2
4) If a r. v. X assumes the values 1,2,3,…………,9 with equal
probabilities then E(x) = 5.

5) Let X ~ B(n,p) then the mean or expected value of r. v. X is

denoted by E(X). It is also denoted by E(X) and is given by
𝜇= E(X) = npq .

6) A discrete random variable X is said to follow the Poisson

distribution with parameter m ≥ 0 if its p. m. f. is given by
e−m mx
P(X = x) = , x = 0, 1, 2, .....
x

7) For the Binomial distribution , Mean E(X) = m and Variance =

Var(X) = m.

8) If n is very large and p is very small then X follows Poisson

distribution with n = m p.

9) The cumulative distribution function ( c.d.f.) of a continuous

random variable X is denoted by F and defined by

F(x) = 0 for all x ≤ 𝑎 ,

𝑥
= ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 for all x ≥ a

Solve the following.

3 MARKS

1. Find the probability distribution of a) number of heads in two

tosses of a coin, b) number of tails in three tosses of a coin c)
 number of heads in four tosses of a coin.

2.A sample of 4 bulbs is drawn at random with replacement from a lot

of 30 bulbs which includes 6 defective bulbs . Find the probability
distribution of the number of defective bulbs.
3. Find the expected value and variance of X using the following p.
m. f.

x -2 -1 0 1 2
P(x) 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.15 0.25

4. Find the mean of number of heads in three tosses of a fair coin.

5. Two dice are thrown simultaneously. If X denotes the number of
sixes, find the expectation of X.
6. A pair of dice is thrown 3 times. If getting a doublet is considered
a success, find the probability of two successes.
7. Given that X ~B(n,p) if n = 10 and p = 0.4, find E(X) and Var(X).
8. If X has Poisson distribution with m=1, then find P(X ≤ 1) given
e-1 = 0.3678.

9. If X has Poisson distribution with parameter m and

P(X = 2) = P(X = 3), then find P(X ≥ 2).

Use e-3 = 0.0497 .

4 MARKS
1 .A random variable X has the following probability distribution:

x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
P(x) k 2k 2k 3k k2 2k2 7k2+ k

Determine (i) k, (ii) P(X < 3) ,(iii) P(0 <X < 3), (iv) P (X > 4).

2. The p. d. f. of a continuous r. v. Xis

3𝑥 2
,0 < 𝑥 < 2 .
f(x)={ 8
0 , 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 .

Determine the c.d.f. of X and hence find

(i)P(X<1),(ii)P(X<-2),(iii)P(X>0),(iv) P(1 <X < 2).

𝑐
,1 < 𝑥 < 3 , 𝑐 > 0
3. If a r. v. X has p. d.f. f ( x ) = { 𝑥
0 , 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 .
Find c, E(X), and Var (X). Also find F(x).
4. A die is thrown 4 times. If ‘getting an odd number' is a success ,
find the probability of

i ) 2 successes (ii) atleast 3 successes (iii) at most 2 successes.

5. The probability that a bulb produced by a factory will fuse after 200
days of use is 0.2. Let X denote the number of bulbs (out of 5 ) that
fuse after 200 days of use . Find the probability of (i) X =
0, (ii) X ≤ 1, (iii) X > 1, (iv) X ≥ 1.
6.The number of complaints which a bank manager receives per day
follows a Poisson distribution with parameter m = 4. Find the
probability that the manager receives
a) only two complaints on a given day, b) at most two complaints on
a given day.
Use e-4 =0.0183.
7. Defects on plywood sheet occur at random with the average of
one defect per 50 Sq. ft. Find the probability that such a sheet has (i)
no defect, (ii) at least one defect.
Use e-1 =0.3678.
8.It is known that, in a certain area of a large city, the average
number of rats per bungalow is five. Assuming that the number of
rats follows Poisson distribution, find the probability that a randomly
selected bungalow has
i) exactly 5 rats (ii) more than 5 rats (iii) between 5 and 7 rats,
inclusive.
Given e-5 =0067.

ACTIVITIES .

1. The probability distribution of a discrete r. v. X is as follows.

x 1 2 3 4 5 6
P(X = x) k 2k 3k 4k 5k 6k
Complete the following activity .
Solution :
Since ∑ 𝑝𝑖 = 1

i) k =
 ii)P(X ≤ 4 ) = + + + = =

iii)P(X ≥ 3) = 1 - - - =

2. Using the following activity , find the expected value and

variance of the r. v. X if its probability distribution is as
follows.
x 1 2 3
P(X = x) 1/5 2/5 2/5
Solution :

𝜇 = E(X) =∑3𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖 𝑝𝑖
E(X) = + + =

Var(X) = E ( 𝑋 2 ) − {𝐸 (𝑋)}2 = ∑ 𝑋𝑖 2 Pi - [∑ 𝑋 𝑖 Pi ]2 = -

3. Let X ~ B( n , p ) , If n = 10 and E(X) = 5 , Using the

following activity find p and Var (X).

Solution : E(X) = =5 , p = , q =

Var (X) = = .
 4. The probability that a bomb will hit the target is 0.8.
Using the following activity ,find the probability that ,out of
5 bombs , exactly 2 will miss the target.

Solution : Let p = probability that bomb miss the target ∴q =

, p= , n=5.

X~B(5, ) , P(x) = 𝑛𝑐𝑥 𝑝 𝑥 𝑞 𝑛−𝑥 .

P ( X = 2 ) = 5𝐶2 = =

5. If X follows Poisson distribution such that P (X = 1) =

0.4 and P (X = 2) = 0.2, Using the following activity
find the value of m .

𝑒 −𝑚 𝑚𝑥
Solution : X : Follows Poisson distribution . ∴P(x) = , P(X
𝑥!
= 1) = 0.4 and P(X = 2) = 0.2 .
∴ P(X = 1) = P(X = 2) .

𝑒 −𝑚 𝑚1 𝑒 −𝑚 𝑚2 𝑚
= = , 𝑒 −𝑚 = 𝑒 −𝑚 , m≠0
1! 2! 2
 ANSWER KEY :
PART I

MATHEMATICAL LOGIC
Q1) i) c ii) c iii ) c iv) b v) b vi) c vii) d viii) b ix) b x) b
Q2) i) F ii) F iii) F iv) T v) F vi) T vii) T viii) T ix) T x) F
Q3) i) p ˄ q ii) All men are not animals iii) False iv) True v) q → ̴ p
Q 4) i) An angle is a right angle and it is not of measure 900 , or an
angle is of measure 900 and it is not a right angle.
ii) a ) p ↔ ̴ q b) p → q c) ̴ p ˄ q
iii) a) ∀ n ɛ N , 𝑛2 ≥ 1 is a true statement
b) ∃ x ɛ N such that 3x – 4 < 9 is a true statement
c) ∃ y ɛ N such that y + 4 > 6 is a true statement
iv) Contingency
v) proof
vi) a) 13 is a prime number or India is a democratic country
b) ) ( p v ̴ q ) ˄ ( ̴ p v q ) ≡ ( p ˄q ) v ̴ ( p v q)
vii) Converse: If they do not drive the car, then it snows
Inverse: If it does not snow, then they drive the car
Contrapositive: If they drive the car, then it does not snow
Q 5 i) Contradiction
ii) Proof
iii) Proof
iv) [ ( p ˄ ̴ q) v ( q ˄ ̴ p) ] ˄ ( ̴ q ˄ r)
v) P q r ̴r P ˄q (p ˄q) v ̴ r
T T T F T T
T T F T T T
T F T F F F
T F F T F T
F T T F F F
F T F T F T
F F T F F F
F F F T F T

vi) Solution
p ↔q and p →q are true if p and q has truth
T Tvalues
F F or
i) Pvq

a) If both p and q are true then

Pvq= V T =T T

b) If both p and q are false, then

Pvq= V F =F F

ii) p˄q

a) If both p and q are true then

P˄q=˄ ˄ T =T T

b) If both p and q are false then

F
P˄q= ˄F =F

vii)
F
i) ( p ˄ q ) ˄ r =(
T T˄ )˄ )

= ˄ T F

= F

ii) ̴ ( p ˄ r) = T̴ ( F ˄ )

= ̴ =F T

iii) P → q =T T→ T =

viii)
p q r q→r r→p (q→r)v ( r→p)
T T T T T T
T T F F T T

T F T T T T
T F F T T T

F T T T F T
 F T F F T T

F F T TT F T

F F F T T T

Tautology
The given statement pattern is a

2. Matrices

(I) Answers (II) Answers Answers

(III)
1) b) p=0 q=6 1) False 1) 0  1
A 
1 0 
2) a) k=1 2) True 2) Zero
3) d) x= - 4 and y= 3 . 3) False 3)  2 7 
A  3B   
5  7 24 
4) c) [1] 4) True 4) 3 4
AB    AB  6
  3  2
5) b) I 5) True 5) -2
6) c) Symmetric 6) True 6) 2
matrix
7) a) BT AT 7) False 7) 3  1
A 
4 1 
8) c) 8) False 8) R2  2R1
adj( A)  A  2 2  4
2
9) a) 9) False 9)
10) a) 10) True 10) A 7
 Solve the following…. [3 Marks]
1) a=2 and b=-1
2)   14    10  16 
3 8 0
A 3  B 3 3 
 2 3  0 5 
 1  0
3)
4) k=1
5)
6)  19 5  27 
1 
1
A    2 10  14 
40
  3  5 19 
7)
8)

Solve the following….[4 Marks]

1)  2 1 1
3 3 3
1 1
A 
1
0 
2 2
1 1  1
 3 3 3 
2) 26 30
x , y
7 7
3) 1 1 5
x , y , z
6 3 6
4) X=1, y=2, z=3
5) Cost of T.V is ₹ 3000 and selling price is ₹ 4000 where as Cost
price of VCR is ₹ 13000 and its selling price is ₹ 13500.

ACTIVITIES
1)
2 0  1
Given A  5 1 0  then
0 1 3 
A  2(3)  0(15)  (1 )(5)  6  0  5  1  0
 Cofactor of all elements of matrix A are

(1 ) ( 0 ) 5 ( 0)
A11  (1) 2 =(3), A12  (1) 3  15 ,
(1 ) ( 3 ) ( 0) 3
5 ( 1)
A13  (1) 4  5, A21  -1, A22  6, A23  -2,
( 0) 1

( 0) ( 1 ) 2 (1 )
A31  (1) 4 =(1), A32  (1) 5  (5 ) ,
( 1 ) (0 ) (5 ) 0

2 (0)
A33  (1) 6  2.
(5 ) 1
 3 (15) 5   3 1 1 
Cofactor of matrix A=  1 6  2 , adj(A)=  15 6  5
 
 1 5 2   5  2 2 
2 0  1  ( 3)  1 1   1 0 ( 0 )
    
A. adj(A)= 5 1 0  .  15 (6 )  5  = ( 0) ( 1) ( 0 ) = A I
0 1 3   ( 5)  2 (2 )  0 (0 ) ( 1) 

2)
2 0  1 1 0 0
5 1 0  B 1  0 1 0
   
0 1 3  0 0 1
C1  C 3
1 0  1 1 0 0
5 1 0  B 1  0 1 0
   
3 1 3  1 0 1
C3  C1
 1 0 0 1 0 1
5 1 5 B 1  0 1 0
   
3 1 6 1 0 2
C1  5C 2 , C3  5C 2
 1 0 0 1 0 1
 0 1 0 B 1   5 1  5
   
 2 1 1  1 0 2 
C1  2C3 , C 2  C3
1 0 0  3 1 1 
0 1 0 B 1   15 6  5
   
0 0 1  5  2 2 

 3 1 1 
B 1   15 6  5
 5  2 2 

2 0  1  3  1 1  1 0 0
5 1 0 .   15 6  5  0 1 0
     
0 1 3   5  2 2  0 0 1

3) The cost of 4 kg potato, 3kg wheat and 2kg rice is ₹ 60 . The cost
of 1 kg potato, 2 kg wheat and 3kg rice is ₹45. The cost of 6 kg
potato, 3 kg rice and 2 kg wheat is ₹ 70. Find the per kg cost of
each item by matrix method.
Solution: Let the cost of potato, wheat and rice per kg are x, y and
z respectively.
Therefore by given condition,
 4 x  3 y  2 z  60
x  2 y  3z  45
6 x  2 y  3z  70
Matrix form of above equation is,
 4 3 2   x  ( 60)
 1 (2 ) 3   y    45 
    
( 6 ) 2 ( 3 )  z   ( 70 ) 
R1  R2
 1 2 3   x  ( 45 )
(4 ) (3 ) ( 2 )  y    60 
    
 6 2 3   z   ( 70 ) 
R2  4 R1 , R3  6 R1
 1 2 3   x   45 
( 0) 5 (10 )  y   (120 )

 0 (10 )  15   z    200 
1 1
R2 , R3
5 5
(1 ) 2 3   x  45
 0 ( 1) 2  ( y )  24
    
 0 2 ( 3 )  z  40
 
R3  2R2
1 2 3   x  (45 )
0 1 2   y   ( 24 ) 
    
0 0  1  z  ( 40 ) 
By Re multiplying we get,
x  2 y  ( 3 ) z  (45 ).......(1) y  2z  24.......(2)  z  (  8 )......(3)
From (3), we get, z=( 8 )
From (2), we get, y=( 8 )
From (3), we get, x=( 5 )

3. Differentiation
I. Choose the correct alternatives :
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
d a b b a d a b a a b

II. Fill in the blanks :

1. 9(5x3-4x2-8x)8(15x2-8x-8) 6. 2𝑒 (2𝑥+5)
1 𝑦
2. 𝑎(1+𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 . 7. -√
𝑥 𝑥

𝑑𝑥 1
3. = 8. x.5𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔5
𝑑𝑦 (−𝑥 2 𝑒 −𝑥 +2x𝑒 −𝑥 +2)

𝑒𝑥
4. 9. x.ex
1−𝑥

5. 10x9 10. 2

III. State whether each of the following is True or False :

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
False True True False True False False False False True True

IV. Solve the following : (3 Marks)

2log[log(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥)] 𝑦
1. 6. -
𝑥.𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥.log(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥) 𝑥
2
2. 10(6x3-3x2-9x)9 (18x2-6x-9) 7.
√1+𝑢2
(2𝑥−13)2
3. - 8. 𝑡𝑡
79
𝑑𝑥 1
4. = 9. 4.𝑒 (2𝑥+1)
𝑑𝑦 (−𝑥 2 𝑒 −𝑥 +2x𝑒 −𝑥 +2)
𝑦 𝑥.𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦−𝑦
5. ( )
𝑥 𝑦.𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥−𝑥
V. Solve the following : (4 Marks)
1 2𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
1.(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥)𝑥 [ + log(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥)] − 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 [ ] 6.
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑥
13 (3𝑥−1) 3 2 2
√ [ − + ]
3 (2𝑥+3)(5−𝑥)2 3𝑥−1 2𝑥+3 5−𝑥
−1
4 2 𝑑𝑦 𝑦
2. (3𝑥 + 8𝑥 + 5) (6𝑥 + 8) 5 7. =
5 𝑑𝑥 𝑥
7𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑦
3. xx (1+logx) + (7𝑥 − 1)𝑥 [log(7𝑥 − 1) + ] 8. =
7𝑥−1 𝑑𝑥 𝑥
2
𝑑𝑥 (2𝑥 2 +5) 𝑑𝑦 −9𝑥
4. = (−6𝑥 2 9. =
𝑑𝑦 −28𝑥+15) 𝑑𝑥 4𝑦

𝑥𝑥 1 𝑑2 𝑦 80
5. 𝑥 . 𝑥𝑥 [ + log (x). (1 + log 𝑥 )] 10. 2 =
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (3𝑥+𝑦)3

4. Applications Of Derivative

I) Choose the correct alternative.

3
1. (c) 16 2. (c) 3. (a) increasing for all x ∈
2

R, x ≠ 1

4. (d) 42 5. (c) D < 20 6. (c) unitary elastic 7. (b)

in elastic

II ) Fill in the blanks.

 1. Gradient 2. R 3. -5 4. 36 5. 𝑥 >

100

III) State whether each of the following is True or False.

1. True 2. True 3. True 4. True 5.

False 6. False

Solve the following

3 Marks

1. 5𝑥 − 𝑦 − 2 = 0, 𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 16 = 0 2. (−∞, 2) ∪ (3, ∞) 3.
(−3,8)
7
5. 10,10 6. (i) 𝜂 = 6.5, elastic (ii) 𝜂 = ,
20

inelastic

7. 3.6 8. (i) 𝑥 < 10 (ii) 𝑥 > 10

4 Marks

1. Max value= −3 at 𝑥 = 1, Min value = −128 at 𝑥 = 6

2. 27 cm, 27cm

3.MPC= 0675, MPS= 0.325, APC= 0.375, APS= 0.625

4. (i) 𝑥 < 120 (ii) 𝑥 < 118

6. 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 5 = 0, 2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 5 = 0 7. 𝑥−
2𝑦 − 2 = 0
8. 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 9 = 0, 2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 1 = 0

5. Integrations
1. 1) b 2) b 3) b 4) c 5) a 6) c 7) b 8) a 9) b 10) a.
2. 1) logx + c,
1 𝑥−𝑎
2) log ( )+c
2𝑎 𝑥+𝑎
(7𝑥+9)14
3) +c
91
𝑒 4𝑥−3
4) +c
4
56𝑥+9
5) +c
6 𝑙𝑜𝑔5
5
6) -
3

7) 4 log(x-1)
8) 5
9) 1+ logx = t
1
10)
3

3. 1. True 2. False 3. True 4. True 5. False

6. True 7.False 8. False 9. False 10. True
4. 1) 𝑥 3 - 4√𝑥 + c
9𝑥 5
2) - 10𝑥 3 + 25 x + c
5

3) log(logx) +c
4) 5x – 8 log (2𝑒 𝑥 + 1) + 𝑐
 1 2𝑥−1
5) log ( )+c
4 2𝑥+1
𝑒𝑥
6) +c
𝑥
1 5
7) log( x+1 ) + log (x – 2 ) + c
3 3
𝑥2 𝑥2
8) logx - +c
2 4
𝑒 4𝑥 𝑥 1
9) ( 𝑥2 − + ) + c
4 2 8
1
10) log ( √3 x + √3𝑥 2 + 8 ) + c
√3
𝟏
5. 1) 𝒆𝒙 +c
(𝒙+𝟏)𝟐
1 2
2) { (𝑥 2 - 1 ) 𝑒 𝑥 } + c
2
2 𝑥−1 1
3) log ( )- +c
9 𝑥+2 3 (𝑥−1 )
𝑥
4) +c
( 1+𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 )

5) log { (x- 4) + √𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 − 20 } + c
1 2𝑥−5−2√2
6) log ( )+c
8√2 2𝑥−5+2√2

7) log ( 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 + 1 ) + c
1
8) √(1 + 𝑥 4 ) +c
2
7
9) – t + log ( 4𝑒 2𝑡 − 5 ) + c
8

10) f(x) = 𝑥 4 - 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 +2x + 1

6. DEFINITE INTEGRAL
I) Choose the correct alternative.
 211
1. (d) 2. (a) 2 3. (c) 2 4. (a)
5

𝑒2 − 1
8 1 8 𝑎 5
5. (b) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) 6. (c) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) 7. (c) − ∫𝑏 𝑓(𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 8. (b)
3 2 3 2

9.(a)0

II ) Fill in the blanks.

7 1
1. . 2. 𝑎 = 3 3. ( 𝑒 2 − 1) 4.
3 2
1 7
𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( )
2 5

1 17
5. 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) 6. 0
2 5

III) State whether each of the following is True or False.

1.False 2. False 3. True 4. True

5.False 6.True

Solve the following

3 Marks
32 4
1. 2. (√2 − 1) 3. -2,1 4.
5 3

𝑎=2
1 1 9 1 35
5. 6. 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) 7. 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) 8. 1
2 4 7 6 8

1
9. 10. 0
2
4 Marks

3456 𝑒4 𝑒2
1. 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) 2. − 3. 𝑙𝑜𝑔27 − 2 4.
3125 4 2
26
9𝑙𝑜𝑔3 −
3

9
1 16 1
5. 6. 𝑎 2 7.
2 315 42

7. APPLICATIONS OF DEFINITE INTEGRAL

Q.1) A) Select and write the most appropriate answer from the given
alternatives for each sub-question.( 1 mark each)
255
1) a)
4
2) d) 16𝜋𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
26
3) d) sq. units
3
76√2
4) a)
3
56
5) a) sq. units
3
3124
6) a) sq. units
5
100√5
7) c) sq. units
3
B) State whether the following statements are True or False.(1 mark
each)
1) True
2) False
3) True
4) True
5) False
6) False
C) Fill in the following blanks.(1 mark each)
1) 38
2) 25𝜋 𝑞𝑢. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
28
3) sq. units
3
2
4) (4 − √2) sq. units
3
702
5) sq. units
3
4
6) (2√2 − 1) sq. units
3
10
7) (5√5 − 1) sq. units
3
Q. 2) Attempt the following equations. (3 marks each)
100√5
1) sq. units
3
9𝜋
2) 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
4
1
3) (7√7 − 3√3) sq. units
3
4) 66 sq. units
1250
5) sq. units
18
6) -10 sq. units ( wrong question)
7) 6 sq. units
14
8) sq. units
3
9) 8√3 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
25𝜋
10) sq. units
4
36𝜋
11) sq. units
4
Q. 3) Attempt the following equations. (4 marks each)
8
1) sq. units
5
2)36𝜋 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
3) 75 sq. units
4) 16𝜋 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
5) 12𝜋 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

8. DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND APPLICATIONS

I. Select & write the correct alternative from the given option
for each question (1 Marks)
Ques. Answer Ques. No Answer
No
1 d) 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 6 c) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐
2 b) 6 hours 7 a) 3 , 1
3 c) 𝑒 𝑥 8 c) 3 , 3
4 a) 𝑦𝑒 −𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑐 9 d) y − x = c
5 b) 𝑥
𝑑𝑦
+𝑦 =0 10 c) 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 = 𝑐
𝑑𝑥

II. Fill in the following blanks ( 1 marks)

Ques. Answer Ques. No Answer
No
1 Order of Differential 6 y-3 = c𝑒 −𝑥
Equation
2 Particular solution 7 𝑥
3 Positive 8 3,1
4 Degree of Differential 9 𝑑𝑦/𝑑𝑥 = 𝑦
Equation.
5 𝑒 −𝑥 10 𝑦 = 1 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
III. State whether the following statements are true or false ( 1 marks)
Ques. No Answer Ques. No Answer
1 True 6 True
2 True 7 False
3 True 8 True
4 False 9 True
5 True 10 True

IV. Attempt the following questions ( 3 marks)

Ques. No Answer
1 𝑦𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑐
2 2
𝑥4
𝑥 𝑦= (𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 − 1) + 𝑐
16
3 1
𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑥 + 𝑦| = 𝑦 − 𝑥 +
3
2 2
4 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 𝑐
5 1 1
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 = + + 𝑐
𝑥 𝑦
6 𝑥3
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 = +𝑥+𝑐
3
7 𝑑𝑦
2𝑥𝑦 = 𝑦2 − 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
2𝑦
8 𝑑 2𝑑𝑦
− +𝑦 =0
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
9 Verified
10 5𝑥 2 𝑦 = 𝑥 5 + 𝑐
V. Attempt the following questions ( 4 marks)
Ques. No Answer
 1 (1 − 𝑥 2 )(1 − 𝑦 2 ) = 5
2 𝑥+𝑦 1
𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) − log(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 ) + 2𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐
𝑥−𝑦 2
3 𝑑𝑦
𝑥 + 4𝑦 =0
𝑑𝑥
4 73482
5 45248
6 𝑥 2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑐2𝑥 4
7 2𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 = (𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦)2 + 𝑐
8 4𝑥 + 𝑦 + 5
𝑙𝑜𝑔 | |=𝑥+𝑐
6
9 1 2𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑦 3 2𝑦
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + log | | + log | |=𝑐
4 𝑥2 4 𝑥 + 2𝑦
10 𝑥+𝑦
= 𝑐𝑥 2
𝑥−𝑦

VI. Attempt the following questions (Activity) ( 4 Marks)

Ques. No Answer
1 −1,2𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥 , 𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥 2𝑥, 2
−1

2 𝑏 2𝑏 2𝑏 𝑏 0
− , −
𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥3 𝑥2

3 log 100000 1 𝑡 50
𝑙𝑜𝑔2 𝑙𝑜𝑔2
25 25
4 𝑑𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥0 1 8𝑥0
= 𝑘𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑔2
𝑥 4
5 log 30000 1 4 𝑡 4 𝑡 log(4)+log30000
log( ) log( ) 40 3
40 3 40 3
6 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑦 2
𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 | 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 = 𝑐
dy ∫ dx
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
 7 𝑥+𝑦=𝑣 1 𝑣 𝑥+𝑦
sec 2 ( ) 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( )
1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑣 2 2
8 𝑒 −2𝑦 𝑒 −2𝑦
+ 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 2 𝑒 −2𝑦 +2sin𝑥 =2
9 N 1 4 16
24
10 log N 1 𝑡 127.15
𝑙𝑜𝑔2 𝑙𝑜𝑔2
80 80

Part II
1.Commission, Brokerage and Discount
I)
1. b Rs. 7,550 2. a)Rs. 660 3. c) 18th December 2015
4. c)The Nominal Due date 5.d)List price
II)

1.Del Credere Agent 2.Banker’s discount. 3.3day 4. date

of bill 5.An agent
III)

1. True 2. True, 3.True 4.False 5.False

IV)
1. Rs 182.58 , Rs 190.80 and Rs 8.22
2. Rs 80,000
3. Rs 47,500
4. Rs 50,000 , Rs 2,500
5. 14th November
V)

1. 14/09
2. Rs 20, Rs 1,000
3. Rs 6,400 and Rs 10,000
4. Rs 1,200 , Rs 1,220 and Rs 73,200

VI)

1. Banker’s Discount
B.D.= F.V.  C.V. = 8,000  7,680  Rs.320

Date of drawing = 5th January 2019

Period = 8 months

Nominal due date = 05/09/2019

Legal due date = 08/09/2019

B.D. = Interest on F.V. for n at 10% p.a.

n
F.V.× ×r
 B.D.= 365
100
n
8,000× ×10
 320 = 365
100
 n 146 days
 April May Jun July Aug Sep Tota
e l
15 31 30 31 31 8 146

 Date of discounting is 15th April 2019

2.
Total selling Price of three cars = 2,40,000 + 2,22,000 +2,25,000
= Rs 6,87,000
Commission on total sale = 14%
14
= × 6,87,000
100

= Rs 96180
Selling price of First car = Rs. 2,40,000
17.5
Rate of commission = 17.5% = × 2,40,000 = Rs 42,000
100

∴ Commission on first car = Rs. R42,000

Selling price of Second car = Rs. 2,22,000

12.5
Rate of commission = 12.5% = × 2,22,000 = 27,750
100

∴ Commission on second car = Rs. 27,750

Selling price of third car = Rs. 2,25,000

Let the rate of commission be x
 𝑥
Commission on third car = × 2,25,000
100

∴ Commission on third car = Total commission −

( commission on first car +
commission on secon
𝑥
× 2,25,000 = 96,180 − { 42,000 +
100
27,750 }

∴ 𝑥 = Rs 47,500

2. INSURANCE AND ANNUITY

MCQ
1)b (2)b (3)d (4)a (5)c
(6)a (7)b (8) b (9) a (10)b
True or false:
(1) T (2) T (3) F (4) T (5) T
(6) T (7) F (8) T
Fill in the blanks:
1)End of each period (2)34,259.94 (3)4000
(4)Immediate annuity (5)Due (6)payment period
(7)life insurance
3 marks question:
(1)153.6 (2)Rs.3,57,518.5090 (3)Rs.85,000 (5)Rs.1,07,000
(6)23,205 (7) Rs.2267.60 (8)Rs.2400
 (9) Rs.3,703.70 (10)Rs.86188.32

3. LINEAR REGRESSION
I. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
d d a b c d c a b b b A b a c d a

II. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
F F T T F F T T F F F T T F F T

III.
𝑐
1)-0.8 2) 2|𝑟| 3)6𝑥 + 𝑦 − 31 = 0. 4) buv 5)17 6)negative 7)1
𝑑
4
8) |𝑟| 9) bvu 10)-r 11)responses 12)slope
5

1V
1. 4

2. Regression line of x on y is x =0.2y -8 and y on x is y =3.2x+58

x= 22 lakhs.

3. a. 2x + 3y− 6 = 0 is y on x and 5x + 7y− 12 = 0 is x ony

b. r = -0.9667
4. 43.5 years
 5. Regression line of x on y is x =0.5y +40 and y on x is y =0.72
x+28.8
y = 100.8 units.

6. Regression line of x on y is 6x+y-31=0 and y on x is 3x+2y-26=0

r= - 0.5

7. x = 0.82y+10.24

8. 62.4,0.8

9. a. -0.8 b.x+0.4y=5.6

10. 0.62

11. x = y+6
12. x = 12.6, y = 14.3
V

1
1. 2, 20, 3, 9, , 2x-y+3 = 0, 2x-
2
y+3=0

2. a. -0.6, b. 28, -1.2, 53, 31.6 c. 53,

-0.3, 28, 53.9

3. 0.375, 0.667, 20, 0.375, 25,

14.375
 2
4. 18, 19.2, , 0.6
5

4 9
5. 13, 17, , , 0.6, 4.
5 20

−13 −13
6. 56, 214, 340, , , x=-1.3y +16.4,
10 20
y = -0.65x + 11.9

4. TIME SERIES
I)
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (c)
II)
1. Trend 2. Seasonal 3. Least square 4. Graphical 5. Moving average
III)
1. F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. F
IV)
1. y = 3.08+0.25x
2.
197 197 197 197 1975 197 197 1978 197 198 198 198
1 2 3 4 6 7 9 0 1 2
- - 1.25 1.75 2.37 3.25 4 4.12 4 4.5 - -
5 5

3. y = 6+0.7x , y = 12.3
4.
1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986
 - 3.33 3.33 4 6 7 8 6 7.67 8 -

5. y = 5+0.8x , y = 9.8
6.
19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19
62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76
- - 0.8 1.4 2.2 3 4 5.2 6.4 7.4 8 8.6 9 - -
V)
1. Middle year is 1995
a= 4.2857, b = -2
The equation of trend line is y = 4.2857 -2x.
2. 3 yearly moving total = 22, 4.
3-yearly moving average (trend value) = 5.33, 2.67.
3. n = 10, two middle years are 2010 and 2011 and h = 2
a = 17.7 and b = 0.1
The equation of trend line is y = 17.7 + 0.1x
Put x = 11 then y = 18.8
4. 4 yearly moving total = - , 66, 68
4 yearly centered total = 136,135
4 yearly centered moving average (trend values) = - , 16.625, 16.875

5. Index Numbers
I) Correct alternative
1. c)
2. a)
 3. d)
4. b)
5. d)
6. c)
7. a)
8. b)
9. b)

II) Fill in blanks

∑ 𝑝1
1. ∑ 𝑝0
x 100
∑ 𝑝1 𝑞1
2. ∑ 𝑝0 𝑞0
x 100

∑𝑝 𝑞 ∑𝑝 𝑞
3. √ ∑ 𝑝1 𝑞0 𝑥 ∑ 𝑝1 𝑞1 x 100
0 0 0 1

∑ 𝑝1 √𝑞0+ 𝑞1
4. ∑ 𝑝0 √𝑞0 +𝑞1
x 100

∑ 𝑝1 𝑞1
5. ∑ 𝑝0 𝑞0
x 100

6. Dorbish-Bowley’s Price Index Number

∑ 𝑞1 𝑤
7. ∑ 𝑞0 𝑤
x 100
∑ 𝑝1 𝑤
8. ∑ 𝑝0 𝑤
x 100

III) 1. T
2. T
3. F
4. T
5. F
6. T
7. F
8. F
9. F

IV) Solve
1. 209.09
2. 58.54
3. 346.03
4. 74.52
5. 171.59
6. x = 16
7. x = 40, y = 110
8. x = 10
9. 261.11, 306.06, 283.59
10. 179.19
11. 161.74
12. D-B = 65, F = 60
13. 61,60
14. 190.0
15. 2
16. 146.25
17. 26.59
18. 150
19. x=3
20. 24000

V) Activity
1. 130.77
2. 137.5
 6. LINEAR PROGRAMMING PROBLEMS

A. Select the most appropriate option from the following

i) (c), ii) (d), iii) (a), iv) (b), v) (c), vi) (a), vii) (a), viii) (b),
ix) (b), x) (d), xi) (a), xii) (b)

B. State whether each of the following statement is true or false

TRUE: (i), (ii), (v), (vi), (vii), (x), (xii),

FALSE: (iii), (iv), (viii), (ix), (xi).

C. Fill in each of the following blank

(i) Decision variables, (ii) equations or inequations, (iii) solution

of LPP,
(iv) x + y ≤ 250 ,(v) Total Profit = 400x + 200y, (vi) 400x + 250
y  4000 ,
(vii) IV quadrant, (viii) 80x + 50y ≤ 400 ,(ix) x + y ≤ 75, (x) x
+ y  55000 ,
 (xi) not a part ,(xii) y ≤ x ,

D. Solve graphically

(i) Max Z = 25000 at x =100/3 , y = 70/3

(ii) Max Z =12000 at x = 40 , y = 0
(iii) Max Z =1500 at x = 0 , y = 15
(iv) Min Z =14 at x = 4, y = 1
(v) Min Z = 3500 at x = 5/4 , y = 5
(vi) Min Z =64 at x = 2 , y = 4
(vii) Max Z = 37/3 at x =14/3 , y = 0
(viii) Max Z = 50 at x =14/5, y = 18/5 & x =0, y = 5. Hence it has
infinite solutions
(ix) Max Z = 25000 at x =100/3 , y = 70/3
(x) Min Z =576 at x = 24, y = 0
(xi) Min Z =3 at x = 3, y = 0
(xii) Min Z =38/3 at x = 16/3, y = 2/3

E. Activities

i) Amartya wants to invest ₹45,000 in Indira Vikas Patra (IVP)

& in Public Provident fund (PPF). He wants to invest at least
₹ 10,000 in PPF & at least ₹5000 in IVP. If the rate of
interest on PPF is 8% per annum & that on IVP is 7% per
annum. Formulate the above problem as LPP to determine
maximum yearly income.
Solu: Let x be the amount (in ₹) invested in IVP & y be the
amount (in ₹) invested in PPF
 x≥0,y≥0
As per the given condition, x + y  45000
He wants to invest at least ₹ 10,000 in PPF
∴ y ≥ 10000
Amartya wants to invest at least ₹5000 in IVP
∴ x ≥ 5000
Total interest(Z) = _0.07x + 0.08y
The formulated LPP is
Maximize Z = 0.07x + 0.08y subject to
x + y  45000
y ≥ 10000
x ≥ 5000
x≥0,y≥0

ii) Solve the following LPP graphically :

Maximize Z = 9x + 13y subject to constraints

2x +3y ≤ 18, 2x + y ≤ 10, x ≥ 0 , y ≥ 0
Solu: Convert the constraints into equations & find the intercept
made by each one of it.
Inequation Equation X Y Region
intercept intercept
2x +3y ≤ 2x + 3y = (9, 0) (0,6) Towards
18 18 origin
2x + y ≤ 2x + y = 10 (5, 0) (0,10) Towards
10 origin
x ≥ 0, y ≥ X =0, y = 0 X axis Y axis I st quadrant
0
The feasible region is OAPC Where O(0,0), A(0,6),

P(3,4),C(5,0)

The optimal solution is in the following table

Poin Coordina Z = 9x + 13y Values Remark
t tes
O (0,0) 9(0)+13(0) 0
A (0,6) 9(0)+13(6) 78
P (3,4) 9(3)+13(4) 79 maximum
C (5,0) 9(5)+13(0) 45
∴ Z is maximum at P (3,4 ) with the value 79

iii)Solve the LPP graphically:

Minimize Z = 4x + 5y
Subject to the constraints 5x + y ≥ 10, x + y ≥ 6, x + 4y ≥ 12, x , y
≥0
Solu: Convert the constraints into equations & find the intercept
made by each one of it.
Inequatio Equation X Y Region
ns s intercept intercept
5x + y ≥ 5x + y = (2, 0) (0, 10) Away from
10 10 origin
x + y ≥ 6 x + y = 6 (6, 0) (0, 6) Away from
origin
x + 4y ≥ x + 4y = (12, 0) (0, 3) Away from
12 12 origin
x,y≥0 X =0, y X=0 Y=0 Ist quadrant
=0
∵ Origin has not satisfied the inequation
Solution of the inequations
is away from origin.

The feasible region is unbounded

area which is satisfied by all
constraints
In the figure, ABCD represents
The set of feasible solution where
A (12,0), B (4, 2), C (1, 5) &
D (0, 10)
The coordinates of B are
Obtained by solving equations
x + 4y = 12 & x + y = 6
The coordinates of C are
Obtained by solving equations
5x + y = 10 & x + y = 6
Hence the optimum solution lies at the extreme points
The optimal solution is in the following table
Poin Coordina Z = 4x + 5y Values Remark
t tes
A (12,0) 4(12) + 5(0) 48
B (4, 2) 4(4) + 5(2) 26 minimum
C (1, 5) 4(1) + 5(5) 29
D (0, 10) 4(0) + 5(10) 50
∴ Z is minimum at B (4, 2) with the value 26.
 7. ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM AND SEQUENCING

I)Choose the correct alternative.

1. b) minimization
2. a ) Linear Programing Problem
3. b) Hungarian method
4. d) square matrix
5. c) multiple optimal solution
6. a) No. of rows = No. of columns
7. b) DBCA
8. c) Both (a) and (b)
9. a) MinAi ≥ MaxBi OR MinCi ≥ MaxBi i=1,2,3…n.
10. c) to find the sequence in which jobs on hand are to be processed to
minimize the total time required for processing the jobs.
11. d) (n!)m
12. d) The time of passing depends on the order of machining.

II) Fill in the Blanks.

1. square 2. zero 3. restricted 4.column 5. Optimization

6. Independently 7. Minimize 8.Total Elapsed Time 9. Idle

10. negligible 11. A-D-B-C 12. Order

III) True or False
1. False 2. False 3. True 4. True 5.False 6. True
7. False 8. True 9.False 10. False 11. True 12. True

IV) Attempt the following

The following optimum solution obtained:
1.
Machines M1 M2 M3 M4 M5
 Places A B E D C
Cost (Rs.) 4 4 2 2 0
Total cost = 4+4+2+2+0= 12 Rs

2.
Salesman A B C D E
Territories V II IV III I
Sales 15 19 14 17 0
Maximum sale = 15+19+14+17+0=65 units

3.
Operators A B C D E
Machines 4 3 2 5 1
Cost 3 3 4 3 6
OR
Operators A B C D E
Machines 4 3 5 2 1
Cost 3 3 4 3 6
Total cost = 3+3+4+3+6 = 19 Rs.

4.
Salseman A B C D
District 1 3 2 4
Profit 16 15 15 15
Total Profit = 16+15+15+15 = 61 Rs.
 5.
Routes A B C D E
Milk Tankers II III V I IV
Distance (km) 120 120 170 40 70
Min distance travelled = 120+120+170+40+70= 520km.

6. The optimal sequence of jobs

III V II VI I IV VII
Total Elapsed Time T = 55 minutes
Idle Time for machine A =3 minutes
Idle Time for machine B = 9 minutes

7. The optimal sequence of jobs

III V II VI VII IV I
OR

V III II VI VII IV I
Total Elapsed Time T = 61 hours
Idle Time for machine A = 7 hours
Idle Time for machine B = 38 hours
Idle Time for machine C = 15 hours

8. The optimal sequence of jobs

II IV V III I
Total Elapsed Time T = 21 hours
Idle Time for lathe =4 hours
Idle Time for grinding = 3 hours

9. The optimal sequence of jobs

3 2 5 4 1
 Total Elapsed Time T = 102 hours
Idle Time for machine A = 18 hours
Idle Time for machine B = 62 hours
Idle Time for machine C = 38 hours

10. The optimal sequence of jobs

B D C E A
Total Elapsed Time T = 60 hours
Idle Time for machine X = 4 hours
Idle Time for machine Y = 6 hours

V) Activities [4 marks each]

1.
Subordinates A B C D
Tasks I III II IV
Required hrs 7 3 18 9
Minimum hours required = 7+3+18+9 = 37 hours.

2. The optimal sequence of jobs

P U S Q R T

Total Elapsed Time T = 32 hours

Idle Time for machine M1 = 11 hours
Idle Time for machine M2 = 1 hours
 8. Probability Distribution

MCQ ANSWER KEY

1 c
2 a
3 b
4 d
5 c
6 a
7 d
8 c
9 a
FILL IN
THE
1 Counting
2 Measurement
3 1
4 Centre of gravity
5 Remains constant/ Independent
6 Poisson
7 np

TRUE OR
FALSE
1 TRUE
2 FALSE
3 TRUE
4 TRUE
5 FALSE
 6 FALSE
7 FALSE
8 FALSE
9 TRUE

ANSWERS OF 3 MARKS QUESTIONS

1) a) X : 0 1 2 b) 0 1 2 3
c) 0 1 2 3 4
P(X) : ¼ 2/4 ¼ 1/8 3/8 3/8 1/8
1/16 4/16 6/16 4/16 1/16
2) X : 0 1 2 3
4
P(X) : 506/1305 4048 /9135 92/609 32/1827
1/1827
3) E(X) = -0.05 V (X) = 2.2475
4) X 0 1 2 3 E(X)= 1.5
P(X) 1/8 3/8 3/8 3/8
5) X: 0 1 2 E(X)= 1/3
P(X) : 25/36 10/36 1/36
6) P(X=2) = 5/72 7 ) V = 2.4 8 ) P ( X ≤ 1 ) = 0.7356 9 ) P ( X
≥ 2 ) = 0.8012.
ANSWERS OF 4 MARKS QUESTIONS
1 ) i) k = 1/10 ii ) 3/10 III) 3/10 IV ) 1/5
2) c.d.f. = x3 / 8 i) 1/8 ii) 0 iii) 0 iv) 7/8
3) C = 1/log 3 , f(x )=1/xlog3 , V= 4/log3 – 4 /(log3)2 F (x) = logx/log3
4) i) 3/8 ii) 5/16 iii) 11/16
5) i) (0.8)5 ii) 1.8 x ( 0.8 )4 iii) 1 - 1.8 x ( 0.8 )4 iv) 1 – ( 0.8 ) 5 .
6) a) 0.1464 b) 0.2379
7) i) 0.3678 ii) 0.6322
8) I) 0.17 II) 0.39 III) 0.42
ACTIVITIES
6
1) K = 1/21 , P( X ≤ 4 ) = 10/21 , 𝑃 ( 𝑋 ≥ 3) =
7
2) E(X) = 11/5 V(X) = 14/25
3) p =1/2 , q = ½ V = 2.5
4) P=0.2 , P(2) = 128/625
5) m = 1.