Java

Question

1. What is Java?

➡Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language that is

widely used for developing a variety of applications, including web,
desktop, and mobile applications.

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2. What is the di erence between Java and JavaScript?

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➡Java and JavaScript are two di erent programming languages with

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di erent purposes. Java is used for building applications, while

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JavaScript is primarily used for adding interactivity to web pages.

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3. What is the main principle of Java programming?

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➡ Java follows the principle of "write once, run anywhere" (WORA),

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which means that Java code can be compiled into bytecode and

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executed on any platform that has a Java Virtual Machine (JVM).

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4. What are the main features of Java?

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➡Some of the main features of Java include platform independence,

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object-oriented programming, automatic memory management
(garbage collection), and strong type checking.

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5. What is an event in JavaScript?

➡An event is an action or occurrence that happens in the browser,

such as a button click or page load. JavaScript can respond to these
events by executing code in response.

6. What is the purpose of the "super" keyword in Java?

➡ The "super" keyword in Java is used to refer to the superclass of a

class. It can be used to access superclass members, invoke

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superclass constructors, or di erentiate between superclass and
subclass members with the same name.
7.What is a thread in Java?

➡A thread in Java is a lightweight unit of execution within a program.

It allows concurrent execution of multiple tasks or activities,
enabling better utilization of system resources.

8. How do you create and start a thread in Java?

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➡Synchronization in Java is a technique used to control the access

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and execution of multiple threads to ensure that only one thread can

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access a shared resource or code block at a time.

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9. What is synchronization in Java?

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➡The let keyword is used to declare block-scoped variables in

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JavaScript. Variables declared with let are only accessible within the

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block where they are defined.

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10. What is the di erence between the "synchronized" block and the

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"synchronized" method?

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➡A "synchronized" block in Java allows a specific block of code to be

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synchronized, ensuring that only one thread can execute it at a time.

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A "synchronized" method applies synchronization to the entire

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method, making it mutually exclusive for all threads.
11. 51. What is the di erence between an interface and an abstract
class?
➡ An interface in Java can only declare method signatures and
constants but cannot provide implementations, while an abstract
implementations. A class can implement multiple interfaces but can
inherit from only one abstract class.

12. What is the purpose of the "default" keyword in interface

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methods? ➡ The "default" keyword in Java interfaces is used to define

a default
implementation for a method. It allows adding new methods to
existing interfaces without breaking the implementations of classes
that implement those interfaces.
13. What is the di erence between a Bu eredReader and a Scanner?

➡ A Bu eredReader in Java reads text from a character stream with

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e cient bu ering, while a Scanner can parse di erent types of data

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from various sources such as files, strings, or standard input.

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14. What is the purpose of the "StringBuilder" class in Java?

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➡The "StringBuilder" class in Java is used to create and manipulate
mutable sequences of characters. It is more e cient than

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concatenating strings using the "+" operator, as it avoids unnecessary

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object creations

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15.. What is the di erence between the "Comparable" and

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"Comparator" interfaces?
➡The "Comparable" interface is used to define a natural ordering for

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a class by implementing the "compareTo()" method. The
"Comparator" interface, on the other hand, provides a way to define

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custom ordering by implementing the "compare()" method and is
independent of the class being compared.

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16.What is the di erence between a public class and a default
(package-private) class?
➡ A public class in Java can be accessed from any other class,
regardless of the package they belong to. A default class, also known
as a package-private class, is only accessible within the same
package and cannot be accessed from outside the package.
17. What is the purpose of the "enum" keyword in Java?

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➡The "enum" keyword in Java is used to define an enumeration, which
is a special type that represents a fixed set of constants. It allows for
more structured and type-safe representation of predefined values.

18.What is the purpose of the "break" and "continue" statements in

Java?
➡The "break" statement in Java is used to terminate the execution
of a loop or switch statement and resume execution after the loop or

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switch block. The "continue" statement is used to skip the current
iteration of a loop and move to the next iteration.

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19. What is the purpose of the "try-with-resources" statement in

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Java

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➡ The "try-with-resources" statement in Java is used to

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automatically close resources that implement the "AutoCloseable"
interface. It ensures that resources, such as file streams or database

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connections, are properly closed, even if an exception occurs.

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20. What is the purpose of the "instanceof" operator in Java?

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➡The "instanceof" operator in Java is used to check whether an
object is an instance of a specific class or implements a specific

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interface. It returns a boolean value indicating the result of the

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21. What is the purpose of the "FileNotFoundException" in Java?

➡ The "FileNotFoundException" in Java is an exception that is

thrown when an attempt to access a file that does not exist or cannot
be found is made. It is typically caught and handled to handle file-
related errors.
22. What is the purpose of the "NullPointerException" in Java?

➡ The "NullPointerException" in Java is an exception that is thrown

when a null reference is accessed and used where an object

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reference is expected. It indicates a programming error and should
be handled or prevented to avoid unexpected crashes.
23. What is the purpose of the "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException"
in Java?
➡ The "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException" in Java is an exception
that is thrown when an invalid index is used to access an array. It
indicates that the index is either negative or exceeds the array's
bounds.

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24. What is the purpose of the "ArithmeticException" in Java?

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➡ The "ArithmeticException" in Java is an exception that is thrown

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when an arithmetic operation produces an illegal or undefined result.

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It typically occurs when dividing by zero or performing unsupported

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mathematical operations.

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25. What is the purpose of the "NumberFormatException" in Java?

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➡The "NumberFormatException" in Java is an exception that is

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thrown when a string cannot be parsed into a numeric value of the
expected format. It occurs when attempting to convert a string to an

number.

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integer, float, or double, but the string does not represent a valid

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26. What is the purpose of the "abstract" keyword in Java?

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➡ The "abstract" keyword in Java is used to define abstract classes
or methods. An abstract class cannot be instantiated and serves as a
base class for subclasses. An abstract method does not have an
implementation and must be overridden in a subclass.
27. What is the purpose of the "interface" keyword in Java?

➡The "interface" keyword in Java is used to define interfaces, which

declare methods that implementing classes must provide. It allows
for multiple inheritance by implementing multiple interfaces and
enables the concept of polymorphism.

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28. What is the purpose of the "package" keyword in Java?

➡The "package" keyword in Java is used to define a package, which is

a way to organize related classes and interfaces. It provides a
hierarchical structure and helps prevent naming conflicts between
classes.
29. What is the purpose of the "import" keyword in Java?

➡The "import" keyword in Java is used to import classes, interfaces,

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or packages into a source file. It allows using classes from other

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packages without specifying their fully qualified names.

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30. What is the purpose of the "throw" keyword in Java?

➡The "throw" keyword in Java is used to manually throw an

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exception. It is typically used when a program encounters an error or
exceptional situation that cannot be handled, and the control should

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be transferred to an exception handle

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31. What is the purpose of the "Character" class in Java?

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➡The "Character" class in Java provides methods for working with
individual characters, such as checking for character types (letters,

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digits, whitespace), converting case, and performing character-based

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operations.

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32. What is the purpose of the "Integer" class in Java?

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➡ The "Integer" class in Java is a wrapper class that provides
methods for working with integer values, such as converting strings
to integers, performing arithmetic operations, and converting
integers to di erent representations (binary, hexadecimal).
33. What is the purpose of the "Double" class in Java?

➡The "Double" class in Java is a wrapper class that provides

methods for working with double-precision floating-point values. It
o ers functionality for parsing strings, performing arithmetic

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operations, and converting doubles to di erent representations
(binary, hexadecimal).
34.What is the purpose of the "System" class in Java?

➡The "System" class in Java provides access to system resources

and allows interaction with the system environment. It contains
methods for standard input/output, error output, current time,
copying arrays, and more.

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35. What is the purpose of the "File" class in Java?

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➡The "File" class in Java is used to represent and manipulate file and

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directory paths. It provides methods for creating, deleting, renaming,

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and querying file properties such as size, last modified date, and

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permissions.

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36. What is the purpose of the "volatile" keyword in Java?

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➡The "volatile" keyword in Java is used to indicate that a variable's
value may be modified by multiple threads. It ensures that any read

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or write operation on the variable is directly performed on the main
memory, rather than relying on CPU caches.

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37. What is an exception in Java?

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➡An exception in Java is an event that occurs during the execution

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of a program, which disrupts the normal flow of instructions. It

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represents an error condition or an exceptional circumstance.

38. What is the di erence between checked and unchecked

exceptions?
➡ Checked exceptions are checked at compile-time, and the
programmer is required to handle or declare them using the "throws"
keyword. Unchecked exceptions, on the other hand, are not checked
at compile-time, and the programmer is not obligated to handle or
declare them.

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39. How do you handle exceptions in Java? ➡ Exceptions in Java can

be handled using try-catch blocks. The

code that may throw an exception is placed inside the try block, and
if an exception occurs, it is caught and handled in the catch block. 40.

What is the purpose of the "StringBuilder" class in Java? ➡The

"StringBuilder" class in Java is used to create and manipulate

mutable sequences of characters. It provides methods for

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appending, inserting, deleting, and modifying character sequences

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41. What is the purpose of the "HashSet" class in Java?

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➡ The "HashSet" class in Java is an implementation of the Set

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interface that stores unique elements in no particular order. It

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provides constant-time performance for basic operations like
adding, removing, and checking for the presence of elements.

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42. What is the purpose of the "HashMap" class in Java?

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➡ The "HashMap" class in Java is an implementation of the Map
interface that stores key value pairs. It provides fast retrieval and

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insertion of elements based on their keys and allows for e cient
mapping and lookup operation

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43. What is the di erence between null and undefined?

➡ null is an explicitly assigned value that represents the absence of

an object, while undefined is a value assigned by the JavaScript
engine to variables that have been declared but have not been
assigned a value.
44.What is the purpose of the "LinkedList" class in Java?

➡ The "LinkedList" class in Java is an implementation of the List

interface that uses a doubly-linked list to store elements. It provides
e cient insertion and removal of elements at both ends of the list

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but slower random access. 85. What is the purpose of the
"Comparator" interface in Java
45. What is the purpose of the "Comparable" interface in Java?

➡ The "Comparable" interface in Java is used to define the natural

ordering of objects of a class. It provides a method, "compareTo()",
that allows objects to be compared and sorted based on their natural
order.

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46. What is the purpose of the "assert" keyword in Java?

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➡The "assert" keyword in Java is used to perform assertions, which

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are checks placed in the code to verify specific conditions. It is

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primarily used during development and testing to catch potential

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bugs or invalid assumptions.

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47. What is the di erence between a local variable and an instance

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variable?
➡A local variable in Java is declared inside a method or a block and

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has a limited scope within that method or block. An instance

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variable, also known as a member variable, is declared within a class

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but outside any method and is accessible to all methods of the class.

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48. What is the purpose of the "transient" keyword in Java?

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➡ The "transient" keyword in Java is used to indicate that a variable
should not be serialized during object serialization. When an object is

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deserialized, transient variables are set to their default values.

49. What is the purpose of the "static" block in Java?

➡ The "static" block in Java is used to initialize static variables or

perform one-time initialization tasks for a class. It is executed when
the class is loaded into memory, before any objects of that class are
created.
50. What is the purpose of the "strictfp" keyword in Java?

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➡The "strictfp" keyword in Java is used to ensure strict adherence to
the IEEE 754 standard for floating-point calculations. It ensures
consistent results across di erent platforms by disabling some
optimizations that can a ect precision.

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