SELF-LEARNING HOME TASK (SLHT)

Subject : Mathematics Grade : 10 Level : _______ Quarter : 2 Week : 8

illustrate , Deteremine and Graph of the center – radius form

of the equation of a circle

A. Readings/Discussions :
A circle on a coordinate plane can be described by an equation that can be written in
different forms.
Task 1. Find the equation of a circle with center at (4,2) and a radius of 4 units.
Discussion: If the center of the circle is at the point C (h,k), with radius r , and P(x,y) is any
point on the circle,then CP = r. By using the distance formula, we get
√(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = r
(x - h)2 + (y – k )2 = r2
This is called the center – radius form or the standard form of the equation of the circle
with center at (h,k) and a radius of r units. By substitution ,the equation of the circle is
(x - 4)2 + (y – 2)2 = 42 or (x - 4)2 + (y – 2)2 = 16.
Task 2. Find the equation of a circle with center at ( - 6 , 4 ) and a radius of 8 units.
Discussion:Substituting 8 for r in the center – radius form or the standard form of an
equation of a circle with (h, k ) = ( - 6 , 4 ), you will get
[x-(-6)]2+(y-4)2 = 82 or (x+6)2 + (y – 4 )2 = 64.
Task 3. Write the equation of a circle with center at ( - 5 , - 7 ) and a radius of 12 units.
Discussion: By substitution, the equation of the circle is
[x – (-5)]2 + [y – ( - 7 )]2 = 122 or ( x + 5 )2 + ( y + 7 )2 = 144.
Task 4. Write the equation of a circle with center at the origin and a radius of 5 units.
Discussion:If the center of the circle is at the origin, the equation is x2 + y2 = r2.
Substitute 5 for r in the equation is x2 + y2 = r2 ,therefore the equation of the
circle with center at the origin and a radius of 5 units is x2+y2=52 or x2 + y2 = 25.
Task 5. Find the equation of a circle with center at the origin and a radius of 10√3 units.
Discussion: By substitution , the equation of the circle is
x2+y2 = (10√3 )2 or x2 + y2 = 300.
Task 6. Write the general equation of a circle with center C( - 3 , 2) and a radius of 9 units.
Then determine the values of D,E, and F.
Discussion: If the center – radius form of the circle , (x - h)2 + (y – k )2 = r2 , is expanded , it
will result to the general equation of a circle , which is x2 + y2 + Dx+ Ey+ F = 0 , where D,E,
and F are real numbers.
(x – h)2 + ( y – k)2 = r2 → ( x2 – 2hx+h2) + (y2 – 2ky+k2 ) = r 2
x2 – 2hx+h2 + y2 – 2ky+k2 = r 2
x2 + y2 – 2hx – 2ky + h2 + k2 = r 2
x2 + y2 – 2hx – 2ky + h2 + k2 - r 2 = 0
If D = - 2h and E = - 2k ,and F = h2 + k2 – r 2 , the equation x2 + y2 – 2hx – 2ky + h2 + k2 - r
2
= 0 becomes x2 + y2 +Dx + Ey + F = 0.
The center of the circle is at (h,k), where h = - 3 and k = 2. Substitute these values in the
standard form of the equation of a circle together with the length of the radius r which is equal
to 9 units.
(x – h)2 + ( y – k)2 = r2 → ( x – ( - 3 ))2 + ( y – 2 )2 = 92
 Simplify : ( x+3)2 + ( y – 2 )2 = 81
( x+3)2 + ( y – 2 )2 = 81 → (x2+6x+9) + (y2 – 4y +4 ) = 81
x2+6x+9 + y2 – 4y +4 = 81
x2 + y2 +6x – 4y +13 = 81
x2 + y2 +6x – 4y +13 – 81 = 0
x2 + y2 + 6x – 4y - 68 = 0
Answer : x + y + 6x – 4y - 68 = 0 is the general equation of the circle with center
2 2

C (-3, 2) and radius of 9 units. In the equation , D = 6 , E = - 4 , and F = - 68 .

Task 7 : Find the equation in general form of the circle whose center is at ( 0, 3) and passing
through the point ( - 2 , 1) .
Discussion:The equation of the circle can be determined if its center and radius are given.
Thus, find the radius of the circle first by using the distance formula. Hence, we have
r = distance between (0,3) and ( - 2 , 1)
r = √(0 − (−2)2 + (3 − 1)2
r = √4 + 4
r = √8 or 2√2 .
Substituting the radius r and the center ( h,k ) in the form ( x – h )2 + ( y – k)2 = r 2, we
have
(x– 0) 2 + ( y – 3 )2 = (2√2 )2
(x – 0 ) 2 + ( y – 3 )2 = 8.
Transforming into general equation, we have x2+y2 – 6y +9 = 8 or x2 + y2 – 6y + 1 = 0.

Finding the Center and the Radius of a Circle Given the Equation
Example #1. Find the center and radius of the circle Solution: The equation of the circle x + y = 64 has its
x2 + y2 = 64 center at the origin. Hence, it can be transformed to the
form x2 + y2 = r2.
x2 + y2 = 64. X2 + y2 = 82
The center of the circle is (0,0) and its radius is 8
units.

Practice: Answers:
Directions: Find the center and radius of the circle a. Center (0,0); radius 6 units
a) X2 + y2 = 36 b. Center (0,0); radius 7 units
b) X 2+ y2 = 49 c. Center (0,0); radius 11 units
c) x2 + y2 = 121
Example #2. Determine the center and the radius of Solution: The equation of the circle (x-2)2 + ( y-4 )2 =25
the circle ( x-2)2 + ( y-4 )2 =25 Can be written in the form ( x-h )2 + (y-k)2 = r2
(x-2)2+ (y-4)2 = 25 (x-2)2+ (y-4)2 = 52
The center of the circle is ( 2, 4 ) and its radius is 5
units
Practice:
Directions: Determine the center and the radius of the Answers:
circle .
a) ( x-8 )2 + (y + 7 )2 = 225 a. Center (8,-7); radius 15 units
b) ( x-6 )2 + ( y - 1 )2 = 81 b. Center (6,1); radius 9 units
c) ( x + 4 )2 + ( y – 9 )2 = 144 c. Center (-4,9); radius 12 units

Example # 3. What is the center and the radius of the Solution: The equation of the circle x2 + y2 -6x -10y +
circle x2 + y2 -6x -10y + 18 = 0 ? 18 = 0 is written in general form. To determine its center
and radius, write the equation in standard form (x- h )2 +
( y-k)2 = r2 .By completing the square
x2 -6x + y2 -10y = -18 Add to both sides of the
equation x2 -6x +__ + y2 -10y+__ = -18 +__+ __ the
square of one-half the coefficient of x and the square of
one-half the coefficient of y.
 1 1
( -6 ) = -3; ( -3 )2 = 9, 2( -10 ) = -5; ( -5 )2 = 25
2
Simplify x2 -6x + 9 + y2 -10y +25= -18 + 9 + 25
x2 – 6x + 9 + y2 -10y + 25 = 16
Rewriting, we obtain ( x-3)2 + ( y-5)2 = 16 or
( x-3 )2 + ( y-5)2 = 42
The center of the circle is at (3,5) and its radius is 4.

Practice: Answers:
Directions: Transform the equation to standard form, a. (x-1)2+(y-4)2=64; Center (1,4); radius 8 units
then give the coordinates of the center and the radius. b. (x+2)2+(y-2)2=28; Center (-2,2); radius 2√7 units
a) X2+ y2 -2x -8y -47= 0
b) X2 + y2 +4x -4y -20 =0
c. (y+4)2=100; Center (0,-4); radius 10 units
c) X2 + y2 + 8y-84 =0
Example # 4.Write the equation of a circle given the Solution: Write the equation of a circle given the center
center is at ( 2,6) and the radius is 9 units. is at (2,6) and the radius is 9 units.
The equation in standard form (x-h)2 + (y-k )2 = r2
( x-2 )2 + ( y-6 )2 = 81 answer
The equation in general form x + y + Dx + Ey + F = 0
X2 -4x +4 + y2 + -12y + 36 = 81
X2 + y2 -4x-12y +4 +36 -81 = 0
X2 + y2 -4x -12y -41 = 0 answer.

Graphs and solve problems involving circles and other geometric figures on the coordinate plane
The concepts of plane coordinate geometry have many uses in our real-life world. The
pilots and seafarers for example, use the coordinate geometry to determine the safest and the
shortest route for a plane or for a ship to take; the architects, engineers and even the carpenters
use this to produce accurate perspective drawings. Even the businessmen, entrepreneurs, and
accountants use this concept to determine their profit or loss.

In solving problems involving geometric figures on the coordinate plane, it is important to

consider the situation stated in the problem and illustrate the situation in the problem through
graphing in a coordinate plane.

Note: To graph a circle & other geometric figures, the necessary information about the
figures must be known, i.e. for
• circle, the coordinates of the center & the length of the diameter or radius are given
• other geometric figures like the polygons, length of the sides are given or the
coordinates of the vertices are given.
• the properties of geometric figures

Remember: In solving problems involving geoemtric figures on the coordinate plane,

consider the following steps:
1. Represent the given information on a coordinate plane.
2. Decide what concept to apply & the formula to use.
3. Reread the problem & check the result.

Example 1:
1. What is the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle whose vertices are at (-3,5), (2,-4)
and (-3,-4) respectively?

Step 1: Identify the given and what is ask for in the problem.
Given : three vertices = (-3,5), (0,-4) and (-3,-4)
What to find : the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle.
Step2: Draw an illustration stated in the problem.

(-3, 5)

(-3, -4) (0, -4)

Step 3: Identify the concepts involve and make an equation.

Since the problem ask for the length of the hypotenuse of the triangle, we will use the
distance formula, d= √(x1-x2)2 + (y1-y2)2 given the two vertices of the hypotenuse. Thus, P1(-3,5)
and P2(0, -4). Therefore, the equation is
d= √(x1-x2)2 + (y1-y2)2
d= √(-3-0)2 + (5-(-4))2
Step 4: Solve the equation
d= √(x1-x2)2 + (y1-y2)2
d= √(-3-0)2 + (5-(-4))2
d= √(-3)2 + (9)2
d= √9 + 81
d= √100
d = 10
Step 5: Final answer:
Therefore, the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle given the vertices at (-3,5), (2,-
4) and (-3,-4) is 10 units.

Example 2.
The three vertices of rectangle CARE are (-6,4), (2,4) and (2,-2) respectively.
1. At what point is the 4th vertex? Draw the graph of the rectangle in a coordinate plane.
2. What is the length of the diagonal of the rectangle if 1 unit is equivalent to 1 cm?
3. If circle U circumscribes the rectangle above, what is the length of the radius of the
circle?
4. At what point is the circle centered?
Answers:
1. By sketching the graph of rectangle CARE, the fourth vertex is in point (-6, -2).
By illustration:

(-6,4) 4 (2,4)

-6 -2 -1 2

(-6,-2) -2 (2,-2)
 2. The length of the diagonal can be solve using the distance formula given any two
non-consecutive vertices of the rectangle.
Given: the vertices (-6,4) and (2,-2)

Formula: d= √(x1-x2)2 + (y1-y2)2

d= √(-6-2)2 + (4 – (-2))2

t
d= √(-8)2 + (6)2

d= 10

Answer: Therefore, the length of the diagonal is 10cm.

3. Since circle U circumscribes rectangle CARE, therefore its radius is ½ of the length of
the diagonal of the rectangle. Thus, the radius is:
r = ½ (10)
r = 5cm

4. The center of the circle can be solve using the midpoint formula using the coordinates
of the endpoints of the diagonal of the rectangle.
Illustration:

Given: the vertices (-6, -2) and (2,4)

Formula: M = x1+x2, y1+y2

2 2
M = -6+2, -2+4
2 2
M = (-2, 1)
Answer: Therefore, circle U centered at point (-2,1)

Example 3: Graph the equation of a circle (x – 3)2 + (y + 3)2 = 9 on a coordinate

plane.

Center: (3, -3)

Radius: r2 = 9
r=3

Example 4: Graph the equation of a circle x2 + y2 + 10x – 2y + 10 = 0 on a

coordinate plane.
Standard form: (x + 5)2 + (y - 1)2 = 16

Center: (-5, 1)
Radius: r2 = 16
r=4