UNIT 8: THE WORLD AROUND US

A. VOCABULARY
Word/Phrase Meaning Example

rafting the use of a rubber raft to travel with the The camp offered bicycle tours,
/ˈrɑːf.tɪŋ/ current of a river river rafting and hiking.
Their echo and reverb is not
canyon accompanied by descriptions of sublime
a large valley with very steep sides.
/ˈkæn.jən/ western canyons, tropical beaches or
steaming jungles.
cave I knew he'd cave if they offered him
/keɪv/ a large hole in the side of a hill
more money.
hiking the activity of going for a long walks in
We love going hiking.
/ˈhaɪ.kɪŋ/ the countryside
Along the way, he developed interests in
kayaking music, but more so in traveling
the activity of travelling in a kayak
/ˈkaɪ.æk.ɪŋ/ and kayaking which became a life-time
passion.
campsite a piece of land where people on holiday Our tent was so large that
/ˈkæmp.saɪt/ can camp they charged us for two campsites.
sleeping bag a large, thick bag for sleepingin, especiall He can get his sleeping bag, a little
/ˈsliː.pɪŋ ˌbæɡ/ y when you are sleeping outside television set and his sandwiches.
a small light that is held in the hand and Moreover, to cross the bridge
flashlight usually gets itspower from batteries a flashlight is needed to avoid traps and
/ˈflæʃ.laɪt/
broken parts.
water that is sold in bottles and that has They were also asked whether they
bottled water been treated in order to make it use bottled water for making ice and for
/ˌbɒt.əld ˈwɔː.tər/
very clean washing food.
a shelter made of canvas or
tent a similar material and supportedby poles We pitched our tents near the stream.
/tent/
and ropes
battery a device that produceselectricity to
/ˈbæt.ər.i/ My phone's battery is about to die.
provide power for electronic devices
a rectangular cloth bag filledwith soft ma
pillow I was asleep the minute my head hit the
terial, such
/ˈpɪl.əʊ/ pillow.
as feathers or artificial materials
towel a piece of cloth or paper used She came downstairs after
/taʊəl/ for drying someone her shower, wrapped in a towel.
In Highland, some 83% of
highland in or relating to
the funding of the council is from
/ˈhaɪ.lənd/ an area with mountains or hills
the Scottish Executive.
 beach an area of sand or smallstones near
/biːtʃ/ We spent the day on the beach.
the sea
mountain a raised part of the earth's surface,
I'd love to go mountain-climbing.
/ˈmaʊn.tɪn/ much larger than a hill
water, especially from a river
waterfall We see gravity in action, as with
or stream, dropping from a higher to
/ˈwɔː.tə.fɔːl/ waterfalls and sleigh riding.
a lower point
forest a large area of land coveredwith trees and We camped out in a clearing in the
/ˈfɒr.ɪst/ plants forest.
a part of the coast where
bay the land curves in so that
We sailed into a beautiful, secluded bay.
/beɪ/ the seais surrounded by land on
three sides
island a piece of land completelysurrounded by They live on the largeJapanese island of
/ˈaɪ.lənd/ water Hokkaido.

B. GRAMMAR
1. Động từ hình thái “should”
Ta dùng should hay shouldn’t để khuyên ai đó nên hoặc không nên làm gì
S + should / shouldn’t + V + O
Đối với câu hỏi ta đưa should hoặc shouldn’t lên đầu câu
Should / Shouldn’t + S + V + O?
Example:
You should drink more water.
Should I call her now?

2. Động từ hình thái “can”

Ta dùng can hay can’t để nói về khả năng trong hiện tại
S + can / can’t + V + O
Đối với câu hỏi ta đưa can hay can’t lên trước chủ ngữ
Can / Can’t + S + V + O?
Example:
I can speak English.
Can you pass me the pen?

3. Câu ghép với liên từ “so”

Liên từ là từ nối các từ, nhóm từ hoặc câu lại với nhau. Nó là một từ nối.
Các liên từ phổ biến trong tiếng anh là: and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so, although, because,
since, unless. Tuy nhiên trong bài này ta chỉ nói đến cách sử dụng liên từ “so”.

Khi ghép hai câu đơn lại với nhau ta có thể thêm hoặc không thêm dấu phẩy trước liên từ,
nghĩa của câu không thay đổi.
 Example:
Jim is sick. He is not going to school.
➔ Joe is sick so he is not going to school.
➔ Joe is sick, so he is not going to school.

C. PRACTICE
I. Choose the words whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the
others in each group.
1. A. sleeping B. island C. campsite D. staying
2. A. nearby B. battery C. pretty D. thirty
3. A. close B. canyon C. climbing D. cell phone
4. A. tent B. jacket C. best D. get
5. A. rafting B. camping C. plane D. kayaking
6. A. beach B. seafood C. beautiful D. weather
7. A. wonders B. comic books C. forests D. trips
8. A. pillows B. towels C. flashlights D. toys
9. A. sunglasses B. candies C. sandcastles D. caves
10. A. confirmed B. traveled C. stayed D. hiked

II. Choose the word whose main stressed syllable is placed differently from that of the
other in each group.
1. A. pillow B. towel C. forest D. confirm
2. A. weekend B. campsite C. flashlight D. highland
3. A. waterfall B. vacation C. kayaking D. canyon
4. A. dangerous B. natural C. beautiful D. delicious
5. A. Caribbean B. international C. geography D. Indonesian

III. Choose the correct answer.

1. Mộc Châu Highland is the __________ of Vietnam.
A. east B. west C. south D. north
2. The three Rs __________ reduce, reuse and recycle.
A. mean by B. turn to C. stand for D. put up
3. You shouldn’t throw those papers away; they’re __________.
A. refillable B. reducible C. recyclable D. repayable
4. We should use reusable shopping bags __________ plastic bags.
A. instead of B. because of C. in spite of D. place of
5. Thousands of people donated money and food to those in __________.
A. length B. need C. order D. space
6. We should use __________ shopping bag to protect the environment.
A. reusable B. reused C. reusing D. reuse
 7. Nowadays, people are using more __________ cosmetics.
A. nature B. naturally C. natural D. unnatural
8. Some people treat garbage by burning them, this will produce a lot of harmful
__________.
A. smoke B. water C. fire D. steam
9. I and my classmates are __________ a survey on how much waste is produced at our
school every day.
A. researching B. getting C. taking D. doing
10. The increase of global temperature has caused the sea __________to rise; this is
very dangerous for our human life.
A. degree B. side C. level D. rank

IV. Fill in the blanks with should or shouldn’t.

1. You __________ clean your room. It’s very dirty.
2. Those boys __________ play games all day.
3. We _________ always behave kindly.
4. The kids _________ eat all the candies and cakes.
5. She _______ tell a lie.
6. We __________ get up late.
7. You _________ help other people.
8. They _________ be so rude at you.
9. You __________ wash the dishes carefully.
10. We _________ save money for later use.

V. Fill in the blanks with can or can’t

1. I _________ go to the cinema. I am really busy.
2. We _________ hear you. The TV is so loud.
3. Where are my notebooks? I _________ find it.
4. I wish I could help you, but I _________.
5. We _________ go out because of the rain.
6. He __________ run fast. His legs are hurt.
7. ___________ you please help me with this bag?
8. We __________ meet this evening if you want.
9. You _________ go there by boat.
10. I ________ believe it. We have won the dancing competition.

VI. Give the correct form of the verbs to complete the sentences.

1. We should (bring) __________ a pillow because the campsite (not/ have)

__________any.

2. If I study hard, I (pass) __________this year’s exam.

3. What time __________ the English Speaking Contest (start) __________?

4. We (not play) __________very well yesterday, so we (lose) __________ the match.

 5. Our flight (take) __________off at 4 o’clock tomorrow.

6. When I was a primary student, I (not do) __________much sports at school.

7. If you (love) __________ the beach, you should go to Phú Quốc Island.

8. We need to bring a flashlight so we can (see) __________ clearly at night.

9. I (have) __________ a wonderful holiday with my family last summer.

10. My friend (not be) _________ at the party last Sunday, so he (not know)
_________ what happened.

VI. Choose the word or phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in
each of the following sentences.
1. The development of cities is becoming faster and faster and this causes wildlife
animals’ homes disappear.
A. reason B. make C. do D. purpose
2. Everyone can save power by unplugging the home appliances when they’re not in
use.
A. turn in B. switch on C. switch off D. turn on

VII. Choose the word or phrase that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined part
in each of the following sentences.
1. Tigers, polar bears and giant pandas are among endangered species and need to be
protected.
A. saved B. conserved C. guarded D. destroyed
2. Our children and grandchildren might not have a green world to live in if we keep
polluting the environment.
A. fresh B. clean C. dirty D. friendly

VIII. Read the following passage and decide whether each of the statements is TRUE or
FALSE.
As children, we can do many things to save fresh water. Firstly, you can save showers
rather than baths. Short showers use less water and also there is less use of energy to heat
the water. However not keeping yourself clean is NOT an option. Secondly, clean your
teeth by putting water into a glass. Use the water for wetting your toothbrush, rinsing
your mouth and cleaning, your brush. You can also help your family save water by using
a watering can to water plants and vegetables in the garden rather than using a hose.
Maybe you could help recycle the water from the washing machine. And you can help
your school save water by switching off taps properly and using the water fountain for
drinking water.

Statements True/ False

1. Using showers can save more water than baths.
2. You shouldn't use a glass of water for cleaning your teeth.
3. A hose should be used to water plants and vegetables.
4. The water from the washing machine should be used for other things.
5. You should switch off the taps properly to help save water at school.
IX. Choose the option (A, B, or C) that best completes each numbered blank in the
passage.
Three ways everyone can help make the Earth a greener place is to reduce, reuse, and
recycle!

When people reduce it means they are using (1)__________ of something. This allows
us to create less waste. Turning off the faucet when we brush our teeth is a simple way
to reduce. This is a small action that prevents us from wasting (2)__________.
Another small action people can take is to reuse things we already have. Taking bags to
the store (3)__________ we shop for food is one way to reuse them. Using both sides of
piece of paper before getting a new one is another way to reuse.
(4)__________ is when new materials are created from old ones. Paper, plastic, and
metal are all materials that can be recycled. Things like newspapers, soda cans, and
plastic bags can all be turned (5)__________ new objects if we take the time to recycle
them!
1. A. much B. more C. little D. less
2. A. energy B. electricity C. water D. time
3. A. when B. what C. how D. while
4. A. Reusing B. Reducing C. Recycling D. reacting
5. A. out B. up C. down D. into

X. Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.

Visitors to San Francisco usually bring back with them a photo of the Golden Gate
Bridge. This landmark (1)__________ been there since 1937. At first, almost
(2)__________ one believed that the building of this 4.8 kilometer long bridge was
possible. It (3)__________ four years to complete. In 1937, it was the (4)__________
suspension bridge in the world. Its red color is painted regularly. It helps people move
easily (5)__________ Marin Headlands and the city of San Francisco. Because of this,
San Francisco has developed very quickly.

XI. Rewrite the following sentences with the given beginnings in such a way that the
meanings stay unchanged.
1. Jenny is not as beautiful as Laura.
→ Laura
______________________________________________________________________

2. My family plans to spend the summer vacation by the sea.

→ My family is
_____________________________________________________________________
3. My advice for you is to travel by plane.
→ You
______________________________________________________________________

4. This book is not so interesting as that one.

→ That book
______________________________________________________________________
 5. Why don't we take the taxi? (by)
→ Let's
______________________________________________________________________

XII. Rearrange the given phrases to make a complete sentence.

1. the teacher/where/spend/his summer vacation/going to/is/?
______________________________________________________________________
2. Hue does./ Ho Chi Minh City has/ than/ a/ population/ larger
_____________________________________________________________________
3. her trip/ is going to/the Hyde Park/ Michelle/ to London./ visit/ during
_____________________________________________________________________
4. should go/ because/ I think/ from here./ by taxi/ the museum/ we/ too far/ is
_____________________________________________________________________
5. attract/ each year./ natural wonders/ thousands of / Viet Nam's/ foreign tourists
_____________________________________________________________________