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10 Math 2 POLYNOMIALS

The document outlines the basic concepts of polynomials, including definitions and properties of linear, quadratic, and cubic polynomials. It discusses zeroes of polynomials, the division algorithm, and provides examples and exercises for classifying polynomials and finding their zeroes. Additionally, it includes tasks related to polynomial division and verification of relationships between zeroes and coefficients.

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Himanshu Gupta
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62 views3 pages

10 Math 2 POLYNOMIALS

The document outlines the basic concepts of polynomials, including definitions and properties of linear, quadratic, and cubic polynomials. It discusses zeroes of polynomials, the division algorithm, and provides examples and exercises for classifying polynomials and finding their zeroes. Additionally, it includes tasks related to polynomial division and verification of relationships between zeroes and coefficients.

Uploaded by

Himanshu Gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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POLYNOMIALS BASIC CONCEPTS

1. Linear polynomial: A polynomial of degree 1 is called a linear polynomial. p(x) = ax


+ b, a  0 is a general linear polynomial.
2. Quadratic polynomial: A polynomial of degree 2 is called a quadratic polynomial.
p(x) ax2 + bx + c, a  0, a, b and c are real numbers is a general quadratic polynomial.
3. Cubic polynomial : A polynomial of degree 3 is called a cubic polynomial. p(x) = ax3
+ bx2 + cx + d, a  0, a, b, c and d are real numbers is the most general form of a cubic
polynomial.
4. A polynomial of degree n can have at most (n + 1) terms.
5. The value of p(x) at x = a is denoted by p(a).
6. Zeroes of a polynomial: The value(s) of x for which p(x) becomes zero is (are)
called zero(es) of the polynomial. Alternatively, zeroes of p(x) are the x coordinates of
the points where the graph of y = p(x) interesects the x axis.
7. A quadratic polynomial has at most two zeroes.
8. A polynomial of degree n has atmost n zeroes.
9. A quadratic polynomial may have less than two zeroes. It may not have any real
zero.
10. If and  are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial ax2 + bx + c, then
+  = - (Coefficient of x)/( Coefficient Of x2) and
Constant term)/(Coefficient Of x2)]
11. If and  are the zeroes of the polynomial ax3 + bx2 + cx + d, then
 (Coefficient of x2)/(Coefficient Of x3)]
(Coefficient of x)/(Coefficient Of x3)] and
Constant term)/(Coefficient Of x3)]
12. The division algorithm states that for a given polynomial p(x) and a non zero
polynomial
g(x) there exists polynomials q(x) and r(x) such that:
p(x) = g(x) q(x) + r(x), where r(x) = 0 or deg r(x) < deg g(x).

Classify each of the following polynomials as linear, quadratic or cubic


polynomial:
(i) p(x) = 5x - 7 (ii) q(x) = x3 + x - 1 (iii) S(x) = 7x2 - 5
(iv) x3 + 5x 3 (v) p(X) = 2x3 + 1 (vi) g(x) = 3x2 + 2
Find the zeroes of each of the following quadratic polynomials and verify the
relation between the zeroes and the coefficients of the polynomial
(a) p(x) = x2 + 7x + 10 (b) q(s) = 2s2 +5s+3 (c) r(x) = x2 - 10x +
25 (d) p(x) = 4x + 12x + 9
2
(e) g(x) = 4x - 4x - 3
2

(f) p(u) = 4u2 - 81,


(g) p(t) = t2 – 5
Find the quadratic polynomial, the sum and product of whose zeroes are given
below:
(a) -3, 5 (b) 4,7 (c) (3)1/2, 2 + (3)1/2 (d) – 3, -7 (e) 0, (5)1/2 (f) 5, -
1/5
Find a cubic polynomial with the sum of its zeroes, sum of the products of its
zeroes taken two at a time and product of its zeroes being given below
(a) 4, 1/6 and -6 (b) 1/6, 1 and 2 (c) 7, -5 and 1
(d) -2, -4, -1/2

Using division algorithm, find the quotient and the remainder on dividing p(x) by
g(x) for each of the following
1. p(x) = 2x3 + 3x2 - 5x - 6, g(x) = 2x - 3
2. p(x) = x + 4,
3
g(x) = x + 1
3. p(x) = 2x4+17x3 + 13x2 - 65x - 90, g(x) = x2 + 5x - 14
4. p(x) = 3x3 + x2 + 2x + 5, g(x) = x2 + 2x + 1
5. p(x) = 21x – 12x2 - 30 + 8x4 + 8x3 g(x) = x + 2x2 - 5
6. p(x) = 2x3 +3x2 - 1, g(x) = x4 + x2 + 1
7. p(x) = x5 + 2x4 + x3 + x2+ 2x + 7, g(x) = x + 1
Group A
1. Show that ½ and -3/2 are the zeroes of polynomial 4x 2 + 4x - 3 and also verify
the relationship between the zeroes and the coefficients of the polynomial.
2. Show that 3 and -3 are the zeroes of the polynomial x 2 - 9 and also verify the
relationship between the zeroes and the coefficients of the polynomial.
3. Show that 3, -1 and -1/3 are the zeroes of the cubic polynomial 3x 3 - 5x2 – 11x
- 3 and also verify the relationship between the zeroes and the coefficients of
the polynomial.
4. Show that 1, 1/2 and 2 are the zeroes of the cubic polynomial 2x3 + x2 -
5X + 2 and also verify the relationship between the zeroes and the coefficients
of the polynomial.
5. Show that -1, 3 and 6 are the zeroes of the polynomial P(x) = x3 –
8x2 + 9x + 18. Also verify the relationship between the zeroes and the
coefficients of P(x).
Group B
6. By division algorithm, check whether or not x 2 + x + 1 is a factor of 3x4 +5x3 –
7x2 +2x + 2?
7. By division algorithm, check whether or not x 2 + 5x + 4 is a factor of x 4 + 5x3 +
3x2 - x + 4?
8. Divide 4x4 + 12x3 - x2 - 3x + 4 by 2x2 + 5x - 3 and verify the division
algorithm.
9. On dividing 3x3 – 2x2 + 5x - 5 by a polynomial p(x), the quotient and the
remainder are x2 - x + 2 and -7 respectively. Find p(x).
10. On dividing x3 – 3x2 + x + 2 by a polynomial g(x), the quotient and the
remainder are x - 2 and - 2x - 4 respectively. Find g(x).
11. Find value of k for which poly. x 4 + 10x3 + 25x2 + 15x + k is exactly divisible
by x + 7.
12. For what value Of x will x 4 – 3x3 + 7x2 - 8x + 9 be exactly divisible by x 2 - x +
4?
13. Find the value of b for which the polynomial 2x + 3 is a factor of 2x 3 + 9x2 - x -
b.
14. If the polynomial x4 – 6x3 + 16x2 - 25x + 10 is divided by another polynomial
x2 - 2x + k the remainder comes out to be x + a. Find the values of
k and a.
15. If the zeroes of the polynomial x 3 - 3x2 + x + 1 are a - b, a and a + b, find the
values of a and b.
Group C
16. Find all zeroes of the polynomial 2x 4 + 5x3 – 15x2 - 20x + 28, if it is given that
two of its zeroes are 2 and -2.
17. Find all the zeroes of the polynomial 2x 4 - 3x3 – 3x2 + 6x - 2, if it is given that
two of its zeroes are (2)1/2 and (2)1/2.
18. Obtain all the zeroes of x 4 + 6x3 – 2x2 - 10x - 5, if two of its zeroes are (5/3) 1/2
and (5/3)1/2.
19. Find the zeroes of the polynomial 2x3 + 5x2 - 28x - 15.
Group D
20. What must be subtracted from 4x 4 + 2x3 – 8x2 + 3x - 7 so that it may be exactly
divisible by 2x2 + x - 2 ?
21. What must be added to 6x5 + 5x4 + 11x3 – 3x2 + x + 5 so that it may be exactly
divisible by 3x2 - 2x + 4 ?
22. What must be subtracted from or added to p(x) = 8x4 + 14x3 – 2x2 + 8x - 12 so
that 4x2 + 3x - 2 is a factor of p(x) ?
23. Give examples of polynomials p(x), g(x), q(x) and r(x), where p(x) is divided
by g(x) and q(x) and r(x) are quotient and remainder respectively, which satisfy
the division algorithm and (i)) deg p(x) = deg g(x) (ii) deg q(x) = deg
r(x) (iii) deg r(x) = 0 (iv) r(x) = 0.

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