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Unit 9

The document covers various environmental topics, including the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), highlighting that there were 8 MDGs and 17 SDGs aimed for achievement by 2030. It discusses anthropogenic activities and their impacts on the environment, such as fossil fuel burning contributing to global warming and deforestation affecting soil fertility. Additionally, it addresses environmental issues, pollutants' impacts on human health, energy resources, and key environmental protection laws and agreements.

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11 views10 pages

Unit 9

The document covers various environmental topics, including the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), highlighting that there were 8 MDGs and 17 SDGs aimed for achievement by 2030. It discusses anthropogenic activities and their impacts on the environment, such as fossil fuel burning contributing to global warming and deforestation affecting soil fertility. Additionally, it addresses environmental issues, pollutants' impacts on human health, energy resources, and key environmental protection laws and agreements.

Uploaded by

sairamnagarajan7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Development and Environment: Millennium Development and Sustainable


Development Goals

Q1. How many Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were there?


A) 10
B) 8
C) 12
D) 6
Answer: B) 8

Q2. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) consist of how many goals?
A) 15
B) 10
C) 17
D) 20
Answer: C) 17

Q3. Which of the following is NOT a Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)?


A) No Poverty
B) Zero Hunger
C) Space Exploration
D) Climate Action
Answer: C) Space Exploration

Q4. The MDGs were adopted in which year?


A) 2000
B) 1995
C) 2015
D) 1992
Answer: A) 2000

Q5. The SDGs aim to be achieved by which year?


A) 2025
B) 2030
C) 2050
D) 2040
Answer: B) 2030

Q6. Which global organization spearheaded the MDGs and SDGs?


A) World Bank
B) United Nations
C) IMF
D) WHO
Answer: B) United Nations

Q7. SDG 13 is related to which issue?


A) Gender Equality
B) Affordable and Clean Energy
C) Climate Action
D) Quality Education
Answer: C) Climate Action

Q8. The primary goal of MDGs was to reduce which issue?


A) Climate Change
B) Poverty
C) Deforestation
D) Terrorism
Answer: B) Poverty

Q9. Which SDG focuses on “Clean Water and Sanitation”?


A) SDG 3
B) SDG 6
C) SDG 9
D) SDG 11
Answer: B) SDG 6

Q10. The SDGs were adopted in which conference?


A) Rio Summit
B) Paris Agreement
C) UN General Assembly 2015
D) Kyoto Protocol
Answer: C) UN General Assembly 2015

2. Human and Environment Interaction: Anthropogenic Activities and Their


Impacts

Q1. What does the term "anthropogenic" mean?


A) Natural
B) Caused by humans
C) Related to biodiversity
D) Geological changes
Answer: B) Caused by humans

Q2. Which human activity is the largest contributor to global warming?


A) Deforestation
B) Industrialization
C) Agriculture
D) Fossil fuel burning
Answer: D) Fossil fuel burning

Q3. Deforestation mainly affects which environmental component?


A) Soil fertility
B) Air pollution
C) Water salinity
D) Desert formation
Answer: A) Soil fertility

Q4. Which industry is the largest consumer of freshwater resources?


A) Agriculture
B) Textile
C) Mining
D) Steel production
Answer: A) Agriculture

Q5. Which human activity leads to soil erosion?


A) Afforestation
B) Overgrazing
C) Water conservation
D) Organic farming
Answer: B) Overgrazing

Q6. The excessive use of fertilizers in agriculture leads to which environmental issue?
A) Ozone depletion
B) Soil degradation
C) Air pollution
D) Radioactive pollution
Answer: B) Soil degradation

Q7. Which gas is primarily responsible for acid rain?


A) Carbon Dioxide
B) Sulfur Dioxide
C) Methane
D) Nitrogen
Answer: B) Sulfur Dioxide

Q8. Urbanization leads to which major environmental problem?


A) Increased biodiversity
B) Reduced pollution
C) Habitat destruction
D) Decrease in industrialization
Answer: C) Habitat destruction
Q9. What is the major consequence of deforestation?
A) Climate stability
B) Increased carbon sequestration
C) Soil erosion and loss of biodiversity
D) Increase in oxygen levels
Answer: C) Soil erosion and loss of biodiversity

Q10. Which human activity is the biggest contributor to marine pollution?


A) Agricultural runoff
B) Solar energy usage
C) Wind energy production
D) Geothermal energy
Answer: A) Agricultural runoff

Here are the remaining multiple-choice questions (MCQs) with answers for the remaining topics:

3. Environmental Issues: Local, Regional, and Global

Q1. Which of the following is a major cause of air pollution?


A) Deforestation
B) Fossil fuel combustion
C) Organic farming
D) Hydroelectric power
Answer: B) Fossil fuel combustion

Q2. Eutrophication is caused by excessive amounts of which nutrient?


A) Nitrogen and Phosphorus
B) Calcium and Magnesium
C) Iron and Zinc
D) Carbon and Sulfur
Answer: A) Nitrogen and Phosphorus

Q3. Which pollution is mainly caused by vehicular emissions?


A) Noise pollution
B) Soil pollution
C) Air pollution
D) Water pollution
Answer: C) Air pollution

Q4. Acid rain is caused by the emission of which pollutants?


A) Methane and Ammonia
B) Sulfur dioxide and Nitrogen oxides
C) Oxygen and Carbon dioxide
D) Chlorine and Hydrogen
Answer: B) Sulfur dioxide and Nitrogen oxides

Q5. Which global issue is caused by the excessive release of greenhouse gases?
A) Climate change
B) Desertification
C) Deforestation
D) Tsunamis
Answer: A) Climate change

Q6. The major source of marine pollution is:


A) Plastic waste
B) Mining activities
C) Wind energy
D) Soil erosion
Answer: A) Plastic waste

Q7. The term "smog" is a combination of:


A) Snow and Fog
B) Smoke and Fog
C) Sulfur and Magnesium
D) Soot and Mud
Answer: B) Smoke and Fog

Q8. The main environmental issue related to electronic waste (e-waste) is:
A) Noise pollution
B) Heavy metal contamination
C) Soil erosion
D) Deforestation
Answer: B) Heavy metal contamination

Q9. The excessive use of pesticides leads to:


A) Air pollution
B) Water pollution
C) Both A and B
D) None of the above
Answer: C) Both A and B

Q10. Global warming is primarily caused by an increase in which gas?


A) Oxygen
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Nitrogen
D) Hydrogen
Answer: B) Carbon dioxide
4. Impacts of Pollutants on Human Health

Q1. Which pollutant is responsible for respiratory diseases such as asthma?


A) Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10)
B) Nitrogen
C) Oxygen
D) Calcium
Answer: A) Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10)

Q2. Which heavy metal found in water can cause neurological disorders?
A) Lead
B) Sodium
C) Magnesium
D) Potassium
Answer: A) Lead

Q3. Which pollutant is responsible for ozone layer depletion?


A) Carbon monoxide
B) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
C) Methane
D) Ammonia
Answer: B) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

Q4. Prolonged exposure to noise pollution can cause:


A) Hearing loss
B) Lung disease
C) Bone fractures
D) Skin cancer
Answer: A) Hearing loss

Q5. What is the primary health effect of air pollution caused by sulfur dioxide?
A) Heart disease
B) Lung irritation and respiratory problems
C) Skin cancer
D) Brain damage
Answer: B) Lung irritation and respiratory problems

Q6. Which disease is linked to prolonged exposure to arsenic in drinking water?


A) Hypertension
B) Cancer
C) Tuberculosis
D) Diabetes
Answer: B) Cancer
Q7. The Minamata disease in Japan was caused by exposure to which metal?
A) Lead
B) Mercury
C) Arsenic
D) Chromium
Answer: B) Mercury

Q8. Which air pollutant is known to cause smog-related respiratory diseases?


A) Ozone
B) Helium
C) Sulfur
D) Nitrogen
Answer: A) Ozone

Q9. High exposure to carbon monoxide leads to:


A) Lung cancer
B) Oxygen deprivation in the blood
C) High blood pressure
D) Diabetes
Answer: B) Oxygen deprivation in the blood

Q10. Excessive nitrate in drinking water causes which disease?


A) Blue baby syndrome
B) Malaria
C) Jaundice
D) Arthritis
Answer: A) Blue baby syndrome

5. Natural and Energy Resources

Q1. Which is a non-renewable energy source?


A) Solar
B) Wind
C) Nuclear
D) Biomass
Answer: C) Nuclear

Q2. What is the main disadvantage of wind energy?


A) Air pollution
B) Noise pollution
C) High carbon emissions
D) Deforestation
Answer: B) Noise pollution
Q3. Which energy source is derived from organic materials?
A) Biomass
B) Nuclear
C) Geothermal
D) Solar
Answer: A) Biomass

Q4. Which country is the largest producer of solar energy?


A) USA
B) China
C) India
D) Germany
Answer: B) China

Q5. The largest use of hydropower is for:


A) Electricity generation
B) Cooking
C) Industrial heating
D) Transportation
Answer: A) Electricity generation

Q6. Which is the cleanest fossil fuel?


A) Coal
B) Oil
C) Natural gas
D) Diesel
Answer: C) Natural gas

Q7. Which energy source is obtained from Earth's internal heat?


A) Solar
B) Wind
C) Geothermal
D) Hydroelectric
Answer: C) Geothermal

Q8. What is the main disadvantage of nuclear energy?


A) High carbon emissions
B) Radiation hazards
C) Low energy output
D) High cost
Answer: B) Radiation hazards

Q9. Which is an example of a biofuel?


A) Petrol
B) Diesel
C) Ethanol
D) Coal
Answer: C) Ethanol

Q10. The largest forested area in the world is found in:


A) USA
B) Brazil
C) China
D) India
Answer: B) Brazil

6. Environmental Protection Laws and Agreements

Q1. The Environmental Protection Act in India was enacted in:


A) 1974
B) 1986
C) 1992
D) 2000
Answer: B) 1986

Q2. The Montreal Protocol is related to:


A) Ozone layer protection
B) Carbon emissions
C) Air pollution
D) Biodiversity
Answer: A) Ozone layer protection

Q3. The Paris Agreement focuses on:


A) Global trade
B) Climate change
C) Wildlife protection
D) Space exploration
Answer: B) Climate change

Q4. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in which year?


A) 1986
B) 1997
C) 2005
D) 2010
Answer: B) 1997

Q5. The Rio Summit of 1992 led to the creation of:


A) Sustainable Development Goals
B) Agenda 21
C) Paris Agreement
D) Millennium Development Goals
Answer: B) Agenda 21

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