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Lesson 6 Shear Strength

The document outlines the design and analysis of shear in beams, focusing on web reinforcements and stirrups. It includes guidelines for minimum bend diameters, spacing limits for reinforcement, and calculations for shear strength provided by concrete. Additionally, it presents sample problems and steps for vertical stirrup design, emphasizing the importance of shear reinforcement in beams.

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Lebron james
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86 views44 pages

Lesson 6 Shear Strength

The document outlines the design and analysis of shear in beams, focusing on web reinforcements and stirrups. It includes guidelines for minimum bend diameters, spacing limits for reinforcement, and calculations for shear strength provided by concrete. Additionally, it presents sample problems and steps for vertical stirrup design, emphasizing the importance of shear reinforcement in beams.

Uploaded by

Lebron james
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF

SHEAR IN BEAMS
(WEB REINFORCEMENTS / STIRRUPS)

- ENGR. JERVIN BON C. TAYDE, RCE, RMP, ME-1, MMEnP


Minimum bend diameters
Inside diameter of bend for stirrups and ties shall not be less
than 4db, for 16mm bar and smaller.

Spacing limits for reinforcement


The minimum clear spacing between parallel bars in a layer
shall be db, but not less than 25mm.

Where parallel reinforcement is placed in two or more layers,


bars in the upper layers shall be placed directly above bars in the
bottom layer with clear distance between layers not less than
25mm.

Bundled Bars
Groups of parallel reinforcing bars bundled in contact to act as
a unit shall be limited to four bars in one bundle.

Bars larger than 36 mm shall not be bundled in beams.

Where spacing limitations and minimum concrete cover are


based on bar diameter db, a unit of bundled bars shall be treated
as a single bar of a diameter derived from the equivalent total
area.
Sample Problem:
Determine the width of beam required to accommodate all the 5 − 25𝑚𝑚∅ tension bars in a single layer if bars
are separate from each other. Use 10𝑚𝑚∅ stirrups, clear cover of 40mm.

𝑏 = 2 40 + 2 10 + 2 20 + 4 25 + 4(25)
𝒃 = 𝟑𝟒𝟎 𝒎𝒎
SHEAR STRENGTH PROVIDED BY
CONCRETE
NSCP 2015

DESIGN PRINCIPLE
∅ = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒔𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒓
𝑉𝑢 ≥ ∅𝑉𝑐 - There is a need for shear reinforcement

0.5∅𝑉𝑐 < 𝑉𝑢 < ∅𝑉𝑐 - Stirrups are needed but minimum


area
0.5∅𝑉𝑐 > 𝑉𝑢 - There is NO need for shear reinforcement
𝑽𝒔𝒎𝒂𝒙
VALUES FOR VC ( Shear Strength provided by concrete)
1. Members subjected to shear and flexure only.
a.) SIMPLIFIED CALCULATION

𝑽𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟕𝝀 𝒇′ 𝒄𝒃𝒘 𝒅

Modification factors, 𝝀, as a multiplier of 𝒇′ 𝒄

𝜆 = 1.0 for normal weight concrete


𝜆 = 0.85 for sand-lightweight concrete
𝜆 = 0.75 for all lightweight concrete

Where:
Vc – shear strength provided by concrete
bw – width of the beam
d – effective depth of the beam
VALUES FOR VC ( Shear Strength provided by concrete)
1. Members subjected to shear and flexure only.
b.) DETAILED CALCULATION

𝑽𝒖 𝒅
𝑽𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟔𝝀 𝒇′𝒄 + 𝟏𝟕𝝆𝒘 𝒃 𝒅
𝑴𝒖 𝒘

But not greater than, 𝑽𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟗𝝀 𝒇′ 𝒄 bw𝒅


Where:
Vu – factored shear force at a critical section d from the face of the support
Mu – simultaneous factored moment at a critical section for Vu
𝐴𝑠
𝜌𝑤 =
𝑏𝑤 𝑑
VALUES FOR VC ( Shear Strength provided by concrete)
2. Members subjected to axial compression.
a.) SIMPLIFIED CALCULATION

𝑵𝒖
𝑽𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟕 𝟏 + 𝝀 𝒇′ 𝒄𝒃𝒘 𝒅
𝟏𝟒𝑨𝒈
Where:
Nu – axial compressive force in N
Ag – cross-sectional gross area of concrete section
VALUES FOR VC ( Shear Strength provided by concrete)
2. Members subjected to axial compression.
b.) DETAILED CALCULATION

𝑽𝒖 𝒅
𝑽𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟔𝝀 𝒇′𝒄 + 𝟏𝟕𝝆𝒘 𝒃𝒘 𝒅
𝟒𝒉 − 𝒅
𝑴𝒖 − 𝑵𝒖
𝟖
Equation not applicable if
𝟒𝒉−𝒅
Modified Moment: Mm = 𝑴𝒖 − 𝑵𝒖 ≤0 Where:
𝟖
Mu – in kN-m
𝟎. 𝟐𝟗𝑵𝒖 Nu – axial compressive force in kN
𝑽𝑪 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟗 𝟏+ 𝝀 𝒇′𝑪 𝒃𝒘 𝒅 h – total depth of beam in m
𝑨𝒈
d – effective depth of tbeam in m
VALUES FOR VC ( Shear Strength provided by concrete)
3. Members subjected to significant axial tension.

𝑵𝒖
𝑽𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟕 𝟏 + 𝝀 𝒇′ 𝒄𝒃𝒘 𝒅
𝟑. 𝟓𝑨𝒈
Shall not be less than zero.

Where:
Nu – axial compressive force in N (negative for tension)
Ag – cross-sectional gross area of concrete section
STEPS IN VERTICAL STIRRUP DESIGN
I. Calculate the factored shear Vu at critical section or at any section you
want the spacing to be determined.

II. Calculate the shear strength provided by concrete, Vc


a. Using Simplified Calculation or
b. Using Detailed Calculation
* If Vu ≥ ∅Vc , stirrups are necessary, proceed to step III.
If 0.5∅Vc < Vu < ∅Vc , proceed to step V.
If Vu < 0.5∅Vc , stirrups are not needed.

III. Calculate the shear strength Vs to be provided by the stirrup.


𝑉𝑢
1. 𝑉𝑛 =
∅
𝑉𝑢
2. Vs = Vn – Vc = ∅
- Vc
* If 𝑉𝑆 ≤ 0.67 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 , proceed to step IV.
If 𝑉𝑠 > 0.67 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 , adjust the size of the beam.
Note: 𝑉𝑆 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑏𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 0.67 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑
STEPS IN VERTICAL STIRRUP DESIGN
IV. Spacing of Stirrups

𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦𝑡𝑑
𝑠= 𝑉𝑠
where: Av = nAb

*If s < 25 mm , increase the value of Av by either using a bigger bar size or adding
more shear area.

Maximum Spacing, smax:


STEPS IN VERTICAL STIRRUP DESIGN
V. If 0.5∅Vc < Vu < ∅Vc

Minimum area of stirrup, Avmin


Problem No. 1:
A simply supported beam has a span of 6 m. The beam is loaded as shown in the figure. Use f’c = 27.5 Mpa,
fy = 415 Mpa, and fyt = 275 Mpa. Consider symmetrical spacing of the stirrups on both corners of the span.
Determine the critical spacing of the stirrups using simplified calculations if the beam has a clear cover
of 50 mm. Use 10 mm bar for shear reinforcement and 𝛾𝑐 = 23.544 kN/m3.

PDL = 52 kN PDL = 52 kN
PLL = 31 kN PLL = 31 kN
Problem No. 2:
Given: Required:
bw = 350 mm f’c = 21 MPa Spacing of 10 mm bar using Detailed Calculation
d = 635 mm fy = fyt = 415 Mpa
As = 5,160 mm2
Problem No. 3:
A beam having a width of 300 mm and an overall thickness of 700 mm with an effective depth of 610 mm
and a span of 6 m. It is enforced with 3-32 mm bars. The beam carries a factored concentrated load of 450
kN at the midspan and a horizontal axial factored compressive load of 270 kN. Use 𝛾𝑐 = 23.5 kN/m3 and f’c =
20.5 Mpa. Calculate the following using detailed calculation:
a. Factored Shear force
b. Nominal Shear Strength of concrete.
Problem No. 4: CE BOARD APRIL 2024
The reinforcement for negative moment of a continuous beam consists of the following:
Top bars = 8 – 20 mm diameter bars
Bottom bars = 4 – 20 mm diameter bars
Stirrups = 10 mm diameter bars
Material Strength:
Concrete, f’c = 27.5 Mpa ρmax = 0.023
Reinforcing steel, (main reinforcement) fy = 413 Mpa
Reinforcing steel, (stirrups) fyt = 275 Mpa
Dimensions:
h1 = 100 mm b = 350 mm
h2 = 400 mm a = 45 mm
Clear concrete cover to stirrups = 50 mm
Shear strength provided by concrete: 𝑽𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟕𝝀 𝒇′ 𝒄𝒃𝒘𝒅

Shear strength provided by shear reinforcement:


𝑨𝒗𝒇𝒚𝒕𝒅
𝒔=
𝑽𝒔
a. Compute for the nominal shear capacity of the beam Vn (kN) if
the stirrups are spaced at 100 mm center-to-center.
b. Find the nominal moment capacity (kN-m) of the beam at the
supports.
c. Where shear is minimum, the stirrups are spaced at 250 mm
center-to-center. Determine the shear strength (kN) provided by
the stirrups.

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