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Automatic Plant Watering System

The document outlines a project to create an automatic plant watering system using an Arduino Nano, soil moisture sensor, and LDR to control a water pump. It details the required components, circuit connections, system operation, status indications, and testing procedures. The system waters plants based on soil moisture and light conditions, providing real-time feedback through LEDs and an LCD display.

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vaibhavthebest92
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20 views4 pages

Automatic Plant Watering System

The document outlines a project to create an automatic plant watering system using an Arduino Nano, soil moisture sensor, and LDR to control a water pump. It details the required components, circuit connections, system operation, status indications, and testing procedures. The system waters plants based on soil moisture and light conditions, providing real-time feedback through LEDs and an LCD display.

Uploaded by

vaibhavthebest92
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Automatic Plant Watering System with Arduino

Nano, LDR and Soil Moisture Detector


Overview
This project automates plant watering using an Arduino
Nano. It detects soil moisture and light intensity to
decide when to turn on a water pump via a motor
driver. LEDs indicate the system status, while an LCD
display shows real-time sensor readings.

Components Required
 Arduino Nano
 Soil Moisture Sensor
 LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)
 10kΩ Resistor (for LDR voltage divider)
 Motor Driver Module (L298N)
 Water Pump (DC motor-based)
 Relay Module (optional, for high-power pumps)
 16x2 LCD with I2C Module
 Red, Green, and Blue LEDs (for status indication)
 220Ω Resistors (for LEDs)
 Breadboard and Jumper Wires
 Power Supply (9V-12V DC or USB)

Step 1: Circuit Connections


Soil Moisture Sensor
Connect the VCC pin to 5V, GND to GND, and A0 to
A1 on the Arduino. This sensor provides an Analog
reading of the soil moisture level.
LDR (Light Sensor) Setup
One leg of the LDR goes to 5V, while the other
connects to A2 on the Arduino. A 10kΩ resistor is
connected between this leg and GND, forming a
voltage divider. This helps measure light intensity.
Motor Driver (L298N) for Water Pump
The VCC of the L298N motor driver connects to a 12V
power source, and GND is linked to the Arduino’s
GND. The IN1 and IN2 pins are connected to D5 and
D6 on the Arduino. The water pump’s motor is
connected to the motor outputs of the L298N.
LED Indicators
Three LEDs indicate system status. The Red LED (D7)
lights up when the soil is too dry. The Green LED (D8)
turns on when the soil has enough moisture. The Blue
LED (D9) lights up when the water pump is running.
Each LED is connected to the Arduino with a 220Ω
resistor to GND.
LCD Display (I2C)
The VCC and GND pins of the LCD module are
connected to 5V and GND, respectively. The SDA pin
is connected to A4, and the SCL pin is connected to
A5. This allows real-time sensor readings to be
displayed.
Step 2: System Operation
The system continuously reads soil moisture and
light intensity. If the soil is dry and it is daytime, the
pump turns on and waters the plant. If the soil is
already moist, or it is nighttime, the pump remains off.
1. When the soil is dry, the Red LED turns on to
indicate that watering is needed.
2. When the soil is moist, the Green LED turns on,
and no watering occurs.
3. If the system decides to water the plant, the Blue
LED lights up, and the pump runs for 5
seconds before turning off.
4. The LCD screen displays real-time moisture
and light readings, and it shows “Watering…”
when the pump is active.

Step 3: Status Indications


 When the soil is moist, only the Green LED is on,
and the LCD displays the sensor readings.
 When the soil is too dry, the Red LED turns on,
and the system prepares to water the plant.
 If it is daytime and the soil is dry, the pump
starts, the Blue LED lights up, and the LCD
displays "Watering".If it is nighttime, the system
waits until morning to start watering.
Step 4: Testing & Calibration
1. Upload the code to the Arduino Nano.
2. Open the Serial Monitor to observe real-time
sensor values.
3. Adjust the moisture and light thresholds in the
code based on test readings.
4. Observe the LEDs and LCD display to ensure the
correct system response.
5. Place the sensors in real soil and expose the LDR to
different lighting conditions for accurate
calibration.

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