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Statistics_Probability_Week_6

The document covers the concepts of normal curve distribution and sampling distributions in statistics, focusing on the mean and variance of the sampling distribution of the sample mean. It outlines various random sampling methods, including simple, systematic, stratified, cluster, and multi-stage sampling, along with their definitions and applications. Additionally, it provides formulas and examples for calculating the mean, variance, and standard deviation of sampling distributions.

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kertxymer
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2 views

Statistics_Probability_Week_6

The document covers the concepts of normal curve distribution and sampling distributions in statistics, focusing on the mean and variance of the sampling distribution of the sample mean. It outlines various random sampling methods, including simple, systematic, stratified, cluster, and multi-stage sampling, along with their definitions and applications. Additionally, it provides formulas and examples for calculating the mean, variance, and standard deviation of sampling distributions.

Uploaded by

kertxymer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Gateways Institute of Science and Technology

3RD QUARTER - WEEK 6


Normal Curve Distribution

Specific Objectives

1. Find the mean and variance of the sampling


distribution of the sample mean;
2. Define the sampling distribution of the
sample mean for normal population when the
variance is:
(a) Known; and
(b) Unknown.
In statistics, a sampling distribution or finite-sample
distribution is the probability distribution of a
given random-sample-based statistic. If an
arbitrarily large number of samples, each
involving multiple observations (data points), were
separately used in order to compute one value of
a statistic (such as, for example, the sample mean
or sample variance) for each sample, then the
sampling distribution is the probability distribution
of the values that the statistic takes on. In many
contexts, only one sample is observed, but the
sampling distribution can be found theoretically.
• Sampling distributions are important in
statistics because they provide a major
simplification en route to statistical
inference. More specifically, they allow
analytical considerations to be based on
the probability distribution of a statistic,
rather than on the joint probability
distribution of all the individual sample
values.
SAMPLING AND SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION
A. RANDOM SAMPLING METHOD
Sampling Method is the process of
selecting the sample. It is concerned
with the selection of a subset of
population that will be used to
estimate the characteristics of the
entire population.
Random Sampling is a method
wherein each element of the
population has an equal chance of
being chosen to represent the
population.
TYPES OF RANDOM SAMPLING

• 1) Simple Random Sampling is the


simplest form of random sampling
where each element of member of the
population has an equal chance of
being included in the sample.
Example: lottery method.
2. Systematic Sampling is another type
of random sampling which is also
known as the interval sampling. This
method considers an interval in
selecting a sample from the given
population.
3) Stratified Sampling is a random
sampling method that divides a
population into different homogeneous
subgroups called strata. It is use when it
considers the subgroups like year level of
students, gender, and age, among others.
There are two types of stratified random
sampling.
• Simple Stratified Sampling is used when the
population is divided into strata with common
characteristic/s and to get an equal number of
samples from each stratum.
• Proportional Stratified Sampling. In this
method, the sample size is proportional to the
number of the number of the members of the
stratum. This means that the smaller number of the
number of the stratum, the smaller the sample size
from that stratum will be.
4) Cluster Sampling is a type of
random sampling which also called
area sampling because it is usually
used on a geographical basis.
5) Multi-Stage Sampling involves two or
more stages in selecting the
samples from a given population.
B. Finding the Mean and Variance of
the Sampling Distribution of Means

• Sampling Distribution of a Sample


Statistic is the distribution of values for
a sample statistic obtained from
repeated samples of the same size
drawn from the same population.
B. In solving the Sampling Distribution
of the Sample Mean(𝜇𝑋 ), use the
formula:

𝜇𝑋 = 𝑋 ∙𝑃 𝑋

• Where: 𝑋 = sample mean


• 𝑃(𝑋) = probability of the mean
• To solve for the Variance ofthe
Sampling Distribution of the Mean, use
the formula:
2
•𝜎 𝑋 =
2
𝑋 − 𝜇𝑋 ∙𝑃 𝑋
• To solve for the Standard Deviation of
the Sampling Distribution of the Sample
Means 𝜎𝑋 use the formula:

2
• 𝜎𝑋 = 𝑋 − 𝜇𝑋 ∙ 𝑃 𝑋 = 𝜎2
• Example:
• Problem 1: Let X = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
Compute the following
• Population mean
• Population variance
• Population standard deviation
Solution:
Let X = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and the probability of
each random variable is as follows

x 1 2 3 4 5 6
P(x) 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6

Population mean
𝜇𝑋 = 𝑋 ∙𝑃 𝑋

1 1 1 1 1 1
𝜇𝑋 = 1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6
6 6 6 6 6 6
1 2 3 4 5
• 𝜇𝑋 = 6
+
6
+
6
+
6
+
6
+
6 21
= = 3.5
6 6
1 1 1 1
• 𝜇𝑋 = 1 6
+2
6
+3
6
+4
6
+
1 1
5 +6
6 6

Answer: the population mean is 3.


• Population variance
2
•𝜎 2
𝑋 = 𝑋 − 𝜇𝑋 ∙𝑃 𝑋
1 1
𝜎2 𝑋 = 1 − 3.5 2 ∙ + 2 − 3.5 2 ∙ + (3
6 6

1 1
)2
− 3.5 ∙ + 4 − 3.5 2
∙ + 5 − 3.5 2
6 6
1 2
1
∙ + 6 − 3.5 ∙
6 6
1 1
•𝜎2
𝑋 = 6.25
6
+ 2.25
6
+
1 2 1 2 1
0.25 + (0.5) + 1.5 +
6 6 6
2 1
2.5
6
𝜎2 𝑋 = 2.92
• Answer: The variance is 2.92
1 1
•𝜎2
𝑋 = 6.25
6
+ 2.25
6
+
1 2 1 2 1
0.25 + (0.5) + 1.5 +
6 6 6
2 1
2.5
6
𝜎2 𝑋 = 2.92
• Answer: The variance is 2.92
• Population standard deviation
• 𝜎 = 𝜎2
• 𝜎 = 2.92 ≈ 1.71
•
• Answer: The population standard
deviation is 1.71
• Problem 2: Find the variance of the sampling
distribution of the sample means of the scores
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 using n = 2 without
replacement.
𝑥 𝑃 𝑥 𝑥 𝑃 𝑥 𝑥 − 𝜇𝑥 2 (𝑥
− 𝜇𝑥 )2 𝑃 𝑥
1.50 1/15 1.5/15 (1.5 – 3.5)2 = 4 4/15
2.00 1/15 2/15 (2.0 – 3.5)2 = 2.25/15
2.25
2.50 2/15 5/15 (2.5 – 3.5)2 = 1 2/15
3.00 2/15 6/15 (3.0 – 3.5)2 = 0.5/15
0.25
3.50 3/15 10.5/15 (3.5 – 3.5)2 = 0 0
4.00 2/15 8/15 (4.0 – 3.5)2 = 0.5/15
0.25
4.50 2/15 9/15 (4.5 – 3.5)2 = 1 2/15
5.00 1/15 5/15 (5.0 – 3.5)2 = 2.25/15
2.25
5.50 1/15 5.5/15 (5.5 – 3.5)2 = 4 4/15
• 𝜇𝑋 = 𝑋 ∙𝑃 𝑋
1.5 2 5 6 10.5 8 9
• 𝜇𝑋 = + + + +
15 15 15 15 15
+ + +
15 15
5 5.5 52.5
+ = = 3.5
15 15 15

•
Answer: The mean of the sampling distribution
of the sample means is 3.5
2 2
𝜎 𝑋 = 𝑋 − 𝜇𝑋 ∙𝑃 𝑋

2
4 2.25 2 0.5 0.5 2
𝜎 𝑥 = + + + +0+ +
15 15 15 15 15 15
2.25 4
+ +
15 15
2
17.5
𝜎 𝑥= ≈ 1.17
15
Answer: the variance of the sampling
distribution of the sample means is 1.17
2
𝜎𝑋 = 𝑋 − 𝜇𝑋 ∙𝑃 𝑋 = 𝜎2

𝜎𝑋 = 1.17 = 1.08

Answer: The standard deviation of the sampling


distribution of the sample means is 1.08
END OF WEEK 6

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