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Prc300s - Tutorial 2 - Modeling - Aug 2016

The document outlines a tutorial for Process Control III focusing on mathematical modeling in chemical engineering. It includes tasks such as modeling a mercury thermometer, deriving unsteady-state models for chemical reactions in a continuous stirred-tank reactor, and developing state model equations for two CSTRs. Additionally, it discusses dynamic modeling for a perfectly stirred tank and a stirred-tank heating process with varying flow rates and temperatures.

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13 views3 pages

Prc300s - Tutorial 2 - Modeling - Aug 2016

The document outlines a tutorial for Process Control III focusing on mathematical modeling in chemical engineering. It includes tasks such as modeling a mercury thermometer, deriving unsteady-state models for chemical reactions in a continuous stirred-tank reactor, and developing state model equations for two CSTRs. Additionally, it discusses dynamic modeling for a perfectly stirred tank and a stirred-tank heating process with varying flow rates and temperatures.

Uploaded by

mbzeelah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING


CAPE TOWN
8000
TEL: (021) 460 4292

PROCESS CONTROL III – TUTORIAL 2 – MATHEMATICAL MODELING

1) Model the operation of a mercury thermometer after making the following assumptions
about the reading from a mercury thermometer:
• All resistance to heat transfer is in a thin film around the bulb — i.e., neglect thermal
resistance of glass & mercury.
• All thermal capacity is in the mercury.
• Mercury always has uniform temperature.
• The glass wall does not expand or contract.

2) The chemical reaction sequence


AB
A+BC
takes place isothermally in a continuous, stirred-tank reactor. Batch kinetic studies have
indicated that the first reaction is second order with respect to CA while the reaction rate
for the second reaction is first order with respect to both CA and CB:

Assume that the reactor has a constant volume V and a constant feed rate Fo, and that
the feed contains traces of B but no C. Derive an unsteady-state model that will yield the
concentrations of A, B, and C for variations in the concentration of B in the feed.
2

3) Develop the state model equations for the two constant stirred tank reactors (CSTRs)
shown in the figure below. An elementary reaction 2A → B with second order kinetics
takes place in the reactors. Assume isothermal conditions and that all flow rates except Fo
are determined by variable speed pumps and thus are independent of the corresponding
liquid levels.

FR
Fo CAR
CAo
CBR

CSTR 1 CSTR 2
F1 F2
CA2
CA1 CB2
CB1

4) A perfectly stirred, constant volume tank has two input streams, both consisting of the
same liquid. There is one outlet stream. The temperature and flow rate of each of the input
streams can vary with time. Derive a dynamic model that will describe the transient
operation.
3

5) A completely enclosed stirred-tank heating process is used to heat an incoming stream


whose flow rate varies. The heating rate from this coil and the volume are both constant.
• Develop a mathematical model (differential & algebraic equations) that describes the exit
temperature if heat losses to the ambient occur and if the ambient temperate (Ta) and
the incoming stream’s temperature (T0) both can vary.
• Discuss qualitatively what you expect to happen as To and Fo increase (or decrease).
Justify by reference to your model.

Notes: ρ and Cp are constants; U the overall heat transfer coefficient, is constant; As is the
surface area for heat losses to ambient; T0 >Ta (inlet temperature is higher than ambient
temperature).

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