Scribd
Upload
13 views25 pages

Terminology and Instrumentation

The document discusses instrumentation, which involves using measuring instruments to monitor and control process variables like temperature, pressure, and flow. It outlines the importance of process control for accuracy, stability, quality, efficiency, and safety, and defines key terminology such as control loop, set point, and error. Additionally, it differentiates between open and closed control loops and introduces ISA symbols related to instrumentation.

Uploaded by

mbzeelah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
13 views25 pages

Terminology and Instrumentation

The document discusses instrumentation, which involves using measuring instruments to monitor and control process variables like temperature, pressure, and flow. It outlines the importance of process control for accuracy, stability, quality, efficiency, and safety, and defines key terminology such as control loop, set point, and error. Additionally, it differentiates between open and closed control loops and introduces ISA symbols related to instrumentation.

Uploaded by

mbzeelah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 25

Terminology and

Instrumentation

B.Mabusela
What is instrumentation
The use of
measuring
instruments to
monitor and control a
process variables

Instrumentation

Variables such as
temperature,
pressure, flow, level,
speed
Why Process Control?
• Accuracy
• Stability
• Ensure quality
• Increase efficiency
• Safety
Process Control Terminology

Control loop
Example of control loop
Process variables
• Is a condition of the process fluid that can change the manufacturing
process in some way. Examples:
o Pressure
o Flow
o Temperature
o Level
o Density
o pH
o Mass
o Conductivity
Controller
• Set point/reference value - is a value for a
process variable that is desired to be
maintained
• Measured variable - is the condition of the
process fluid that must be kept at the designated
set point
• Manipulated variable - The factor that is changed to
keep the measured variable at se tpoint
• Process variable -
Sometimes the measured variable is not the same as the process
variable. For example, a manufacturer may measure flow into and out
of a storage tank to determine tank level. In this scenario, flow is the
measured variable, and the process fluid level is the process variable
• Error – is the difference between the measured variable
and the set point and can be either positive or negative

• Magnitude – The magnitude of the error is simply the


deviation between the values
of the set point and the process variable

• Duration - Duration refers to the length of time that


an error condition has
existed.
• Offset- Is a sustained deviation of the process variable
from the set point. In the temperature control loop
example, if the control system held the process fluid at
100.5 °C consistently, even though the set point is 100
°C, then an offset of 0.5 °C exists
• Load disturbance - is an undesired change in one of the
factors that can affect the process variable.
• Control Algorithm - is a mathematical expression of a
control function
Open Control Loop
Closed Loop
Components of Control Loop
Instrumentation, Systems and
Automation (ISA) Symbols
Signal lines
Tag Numbers
ISA Symbol Review

You might also like