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Chemical Engineering

The document provides an overview of chemical engineering, covering its principles, fundamental concepts, and unit operations. It discusses various types of reactors, thermodynamics, process control, and instrumentation, along with industrial applications in sectors like petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, and environmental engineering. Key topics include mass and energy balances, reaction kinetics, and safety measures in chemical processes.

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15 views1 page

Chemical Engineering

The document provides an overview of chemical engineering, covering its principles, fundamental concepts, and unit operations. It discusses various types of reactors, thermodynamics, process control, and instrumentation, along with industrial applications in sectors like petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, and environmental engineering. Key topics include mass and energy balances, reaction kinetics, and safety measures in chemical processes.

Uploaded by

popinog661
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Introduction to Chemical Engineering


Chemical engineering deals with the design, operation, and optimization of chemical
processes for manufacturing and industrial applications.
Combines principles of chemistry, physics, mathematics, and engineering to
transform raw materials into useful products.
2. Fundamental Concepts
Mass Balance: Conservation of mass in a system (input = output + accumulation).
Energy Balance: First law of thermodynamics applied to chemical processes.
Reaction Engineering: Understanding chemical kinetics and reactor design.
Transport Phenomena: Study of momentum, heat, and mass transfer.
3. Unit Operations in Chemical Engineering
These are physical processes used in chemical plants:

Heat Transfer: Conduction, convection, radiation.


Mass Transfer: Distillation, absorption, extraction, drying.
Fluid Flow: Pumps, compressors, pipe flow.
Separation Processes: Filtration, crystallization, centrifugation.
4. Chemical Reaction Engineering
Types of Reactors:
Batch Reactors (BR): Used for small-scale production.
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTR): Used for large-scale continuous
production.
Plug Flow Reactors (PFR): Used in high-efficiency reactions.
Reaction Kinetics: Rate equations, order of reactions.
5. Thermodynamics in Chemical Engineering
First Law: Energy conservation in chemical processes.
Second Law: Entropy and efficiency in chemical processes.
Phase Equilibria: Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE), Raoult’s Law.
Chemical Equilibrium: Gibbs free energy, Le Chatelier’s Principle.
6. Process Control & Instrumentation
Sensors & Transmitters: Measure temperature, pressure, flow rate.
Controllers: PID controllers for process automation.
Process Safety: Hazard analysis, risk assessment, HAZOP studies.
7. Industrial Applications of Chemical Engineering
Petroleum Refining: Crude oil distillation, catalytic cracking.
Pharmaceuticals: Drug synthesis and formulation.
Polymer Industry: Polymerization processes (HDPE, LDPE, PVC).
Food Processing: Pasteurization, fermentation, drying.
Environmental Engineering: Waste treatment, CO₂ capture.

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