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AI Lecture-1

The document provides a comprehensive overview of artificial intelligence (AI), detailing its definition, components, history, and various applications across sectors such as healthcare, finance, and transportation. It also discusses the limitations and ethical considerations of AI, including bias and the need for transparency and accountability. The future of AI is addressed with a focus on improving bias detection, explainability, and resilience in AI models.

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7 views37 pages

AI Lecture-1

The document provides a comprehensive overview of artificial intelligence (AI), detailing its definition, components, history, and various applications across sectors such as healthcare, finance, and transportation. It also discusses the limitations and ethical considerations of AI, including bias and the need for transparency and accountability. The future of AI is addressed with a focus on improving bias detection, explainability, and resilience in AI models.

Uploaded by

gprajwal320
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: A

COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW
Aishwarya Anand Arora
(Assistant Professor)
Dept. of Computer Science
School of Open Learning, University of Delhi
Source: https://www.pangaeax.com/2022/05/09/ai-types-and-applications-in-business/
INTRODUCTION TO AI
AI\ML\DL
WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE?

• Human-like (“How to simulate humans’ intellect and behavior on by a


machine.)
• Mathematical problems (puzzles, games, theorems)
• Common-sense reasoning (if there is parking-space, probably illegal to
park)
• Expert knowledge: lawyers, medicine, diagnosis
• Social behavior
• Rational-like:
• achieve goals, have performance measure
WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

• Thought processes
• “The exciting new effort to make computers think . Machines
with minds, in the full and literal sense” (Haugeland, 1985)

• Behavior
• “The study of how to make computers do things at which, at
the moment, people are better.” (Rich, and Knight, 1991)
COMPONENTS OF AI

Problem-
Learning Reasoning
solving

Language
Perception understandin
g.
HISTORY OF AI
RISE AGAIN
HOW AI WORKS
AI IN NLP

• Language models,

• Sentiment analysis

• Machine translation.

• OpenAI’s GPT series.

• Google’s BERT model.


AI IN COMPUTER
VISION
• Image and video analysis

• Facial recognition

• Autonomous navigation.

• AI in autonomous vehicles.
RECENT
TRENDS
AREAS OF APPLICATION
AI IN HEALTHCARE

Applications: Diagnostics, personalized treatment, patient care.

Examples:
• IBM Watson Health for cancer treatment.
• AI in radiology for image analysis.
AI IN FINANCE

Applications: Fraud detection, algorithmic trading, personalized banking.

Examples:
• JPMorgan’s COiN for contract review.
• Robo-advisors for investment management.
AI IN TRANSPORTATION

Applications: Autonomous vehicles, traffic management, predictive


maintenance.
Examples:
• Tesla Autopilot.
• Waymo’s self-driving cars.
AI IN RETAIL

Applications: Personalized shopping experiences, inventory management,


supply chain optimization.

Examples:
• Amazon’s recommendation engine.
• AI-powered cashier-less stores.
AI IN MANUFACTURING

Applications: Predictive maintenance, quality control, robotics.


Examples:
• Siemens’ AI-driven automation.
• GE’s use of AI for predictive maintenance.
AI IN ENTERTAINMENT

Applications: Content recommendation, creation, and curation.

Examples:
• Netflix’s recommendation algorithm.
• AIgenerated music and art.
AI IN EDUCATION

Applications: Personalized learning, administrative tasks, virtual tutoring.

Examples:
• Intelligent tutoring systems.
• Automated grading systems.
AI IN AGRICULTURE

Applications: Precision farming, crop monitoring, pest control.

Examples:
• John Deere’s AI-driven equipment.
• AIpowered drones for crop monitoring.
AI IN SECURITY

Applications: hreat detection, cybersecurity, surveillance.

Examples:
• Darktrace for cybersecurity.
• AI in surveillance systems.
AI IN CUSTOMER SERVICE

Applications: Chatbots, virtual assistants, automated support.

Examples:
• Amazon Alexa.
• Google Assistant.
AI LIMITATIONS

• Data Dependency: AI systems require large amounts of high-quality data to function


effectively.
• Generalization: They are typically good at specific tasks but lack the ability to transfer
knowledge across different domains.
• Explainability: AI operate as "black boxes," making it difficult to understand how they
arrive at specific decisions or predictions.
• Robustness: AI systems can be sensitive to small changes in input data, leading to
unexpected or incorrect outputs.
• Integration Challenges: Integrating AI into existing systems and workflows can be
challenging, requiring significant changes in infrastructure and processes.
https://data-flair.training/blogs/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/09/Pros-and-Cons-of-Artificial-Intelligence.jpg
AI ETHICS

Fairness Transparenc
y

Accountabilit
Privacy
y

Beneficence Autonomy
AI BIAS

• Training Data Bias: If the data used to train an AI system contains biases, the
system is likely to replicate those biases.

• Algorithmic Bias: Even if the training data is unbiased, the algorithms


themselves might introduce bias through the way they process information.

• Deployment Bias: Bias can also be introduced during the deployment of AI


systems,
CAN AI REPLACE HUMAN
AI FUTURE

• Develop techniques to identify, measure, and eliminate biases in AI models


and training data.

• Create models that provide clear, understandable explanations for their


decisions.

• Enhance techniques that allow models to apply knowledge from one task to
new, related tasks.

• Develop methods to make AI models more resilient to adversarial attacks, data


noise, and unexpected inputs.

• Establish frameworks, policies, and standards for the ethical use of AI.
WHAT IS YOUR VIEW?

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