AASTU

Department of ECE
Probability and Random Processes (EEEg-2114)
Work sheet-I
1. Let ,  and  be three events. Find expressions for the following events.
a. Exactly one of the three events occurs
b. Exactly two of the events occur
c. One or more of the events occur
d. Two or more of the events occur
e. None of the events occur
2. For any two events  and , show that  ∩  ≥ 1 − ̅ − 
3. If  and  are mutually exclusive events and  = 0.29,  = 0.43 find  ∩ .
4. Show that the probability that exactly one of the events  or  occurs is given by:
 +  − 2 ∩ 
5. Let  and  be two events such that  =  ,  =  and  ∩  = . Find the
following probabilities in terms of  ,  and .
a. ̅ ∪  d. ̅ ∩ 
b.  ∩  e. /
c. ̅ ∪  f. /
6. If  > , show that / > /.
7. If  = 0.5,  = 0.3 and  ∩  = 0.15, find /.
8. Show that
 ∪  ∪  =  +  +  −  ∩  −  ∩  −  ∩  +  ∩  ∩ 
9. There are two coins. The first coin is fair. The second coin is such that P(H) = 0.6. You
are given one of the two coins, with equal probabilities between the two coins. You flip
the coin four times and three of the four outcomes are H. What is the probability that
your coin is the fair one?
10. Choose two numbers uniformly but without replacement in {1, 2, 3, ......, 10}. What is the
probability that the sum is less than or equal to 10 given that the smallest is less than or
equal to 5?

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11. A man has 5 coins in his pocket. Two are double-headed, one is double- tailed, and two
are normal. The coins cannot be distinguished unless one looks at them.
a. The man shuts his eyes, chooses a coin at random, and tosses it. What is the
probability that the lower face of the coin is a head?
b. He opens his eyes and sees that the upper face of the coin is a head. What is the
probability that the lower face is a head?
c. He shuts his eyes again, picks up the same coin, and tosses it again. What is the
probability that the lower face is a head?
d. He opens his eyes and sees that the upper face is a head. What is the probability that
the lower face is a head?
12. Box  contains 10 white and 3 black balls. Another box  contains 3 white and 5 black
balls. Two balls are drawn at random from box  and placed in box  and then one ball
is taken at random from the latter. What is the probability that it is a white ball?
13. The chance that doctor  will diagnose disease  correctly is 60%. The chance that a
patient will die by his treatment after correct diagnosis is 40% and the chance of death
by wrong diagnosis is 70%. A patient of doctor , who had disease , died. What is the
chance that his disease was diagnosed correctly?
14. A box contains 3 double-headed coins, 2 double-tailed coin and 5 normal coins. A
single coin is selected at random from the box and flipped.
a. What is the probability that it shows a head?
b. Given that a head is shown, what is the probability that it is the normal coin?
15. The probability that an automobile being filled with gasoline also needs an oil change
is 0.25, the probability that it needs a new oil filter is 0.40 and the probability that both
the oil and the filter need changing is 0.14.
a. If the oil has to be changed, what is the probability that a new oil filter is needed?
b. If a new oil filter is needed, what is the probability that the oil has to be changed?
16. The probability that a husband watches a certain television show is 0.4 and the
probability that a wife watches the show is 0.5. The probability that a husband watches
the show given that his wife does is 0.7. Find the probability that
a. both of them watch the show

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 b. a wife watches the show given that her husband does
c. at least one of them watch the show
17. If  and  are two independent events, then show that the following are also
independent.
a.  and 
b. ̅ and 
c. ̅ and 
18. If  ∪  = 5/6 ,  ∩  = 1/3 and  = 1/2, show that  and  are independent.
19. In a shooting test, the probability of hitting the target is 1/2 for , 2/3 for  and 3/4
for . If all of them fire at the target, find the probability that
a. none of them hits the target
b. at most two of them hit the target
c. at least one of them hits the target
20. A problem is given to three students ,  and  whose chances of solving it are
1/2 , 1/3 and 1/4 respectively. What is the probability that
a. only one of them solves the problem
b. at least two of them solves the problem
c. the problem is solved
21. Each of three identical jewelry boxes has two drawers. In each drawer of the first box,
there is a gold watch. In each drawer of the second box, there is a silver watch. In one
drawer of the third box, there is a gold watch while in the other drawer , there is a
silver watch. If we select a box at random, open one of the drawers and find it to
contain a silver watch, what is the probability that the other drawer has the gold
watch?

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