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Physics Lesson 1 Units and Physical Quantities

This document introduces the fundamentals of physics, focusing on measurements, physical quantities, and the International System of Units (SI). It explains the importance of standard measurements and provides definitions for fundamental and derived units, along with examples of unit conversions. Additionally, it covers scientific notation and the concept of order of magnitude to illustrate the vast range of physical quantities.

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18 views20 pages

Physics Lesson 1 Units and Physical Quantities

This document introduces the fundamentals of physics, focusing on measurements, physical quantities, and the International System of Units (SI). It explains the importance of standard measurements and provides definitions for fundamental and derived units, along with examples of unit conversions. Additionally, it covers scientific notation and the concept of order of magnitude to illustrate the vast range of physical quantities.

Uploaded by

ßlàçk Príñçé
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LESSON 1|

Units, Physical Quantities,


and Measurements
What is Physics?

-the branch of science concerned with nature and properties


of matter and energy.
- includes mechanics, heat, light and other radiation, sound,
electricity, magnetism, and the structure of atoms.
MEASUREMENTS
MEASUREMENT
- is the act of determining matters’ size, length, weight, capacity or other
aspect
- when you measure you compare the material’s basic properties with the
accepted international standards

PHYSICAL QUANTITY - a property of an object that can be measured


with a measuring instrument.

Normal body temperature of a


healthy human being is
37℃. unit

magnitude

MEASUREMENT UNIT - It is a standard quantity used to express a


physical quantity.
• In 1960, scientists and engineers used a certain
system of measurements.
• To make sure that scientists from different parts of
the world understand the same thing when referring
to a measurement, standards have been defined for
measurements of length, time, and mass.
• Length describes how long an object is from one end to
another. Mass is the amount of matter a thing consist of.
Time is the ongoing sequence of events.
INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS
(SI units) or METRIC SYSTEM
- a system of measurement used by different countries in the world, except US,
Myanmar, and Liberia, which use Imperial (British) system

FUNDAMENTAL
UNITS
1 meter- is defined as the
distance travelled by light in a
vacuum in 1/299,792,458
second.

1 second
is defined as 9,192,631,770 cycles
of the microwave radiation due to
the transition between the two
lowest energy states of the Cesium
atom. This is measured from an
atomic clock using this transition.

1 kilogram
is defined to be the mass of a
cylinder of platinum-iridium
alloy
DERIVED UNITS - other physical quantities have units
that are combinations of the fundamental units.

Speed = distance/time = m/s


Acceleration = m/s2
Force = mass x acceleration = kgm/s2 =Newton N
SI UNITS PREFIXES
METRIC VS. IMPERIAL
(SI UNITS) (BRITISH UNITS)
ORDER OF MAGNITUDE
❑ This is power of 10
❑ It is helpful to avoid getting lost among the
numbers
❑ The diameter of an atom, 10-10m does not sound
much larger than diameter of proton in its nucleus,
10-15m.

❑ But the ratio between them is 105 or 100000


times bigger. This is we say a difference of 5 orders
of magnitude.
RANGE OF MASSES

10-31 10-8 1024 1028 1040 1044 1052 Kg

Mass of Mass of the


electron Grain of sand/ Mass of
Milky way galaxy Observed
Blood corpuscle the earth
universe
RANGE OF TIME

10-24 10-22 10-20 10-18 10-8 100 1016 1018 1018 1020

Passage of Passage of Passage of Heart beat Age of Age of


Light Light across Light across the earth the
across An atom A room universe
A nucleus
SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
- is a convenient method of writing a very large or a
very small number
CONVERSION OF UNITS
𝑏
Use formula: 𝑎 × 𝑎
Example 1: Convert 20km to meters.
Solution:
103 𝑚
20𝑘𝑚 × = 20000𝑚
1𝑘𝑚

Example 2: What is the equivalent of 34kg in


milligrams?
Solution:
103 𝑔 1𝑚𝑔
34𝑘𝑔 × 1𝑘𝑔 × 10−3𝑔 = 34,000,000𝑔

Example 3: How many inches are there in 3m?


Solution:
1𝑐𝑚 2.54𝑖𝑛
3𝑚 × 10−2 𝑚 × 1𝑐𝑚 =?
TASK 1 : Answer the following.
TASK 2: Answer the following.

1. Convert 15000millimeters to dekameter.


2. How much time would it take for light to
travel 10,000 ft?
3. How many newtons of force do you need to
lift a 34-lb bag?
TASK 2: Answer the following.
4. A snail moves 1.0 cm every 20 seconds.
What is this in inches per second?
5. A jeepney tried to overtake a car. The jeepney
moves at 40 km/hour: convert this to the British
system (feet per second)?
6. It takes about 8.0 minutes for light to travel
from the sun to the earth. How far is the sun
from the earth (in meters)?

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