LESSON 6: Islam

ICEBREAKER
Table of contents

01 02 03
Background Core teachings of
Elements of Islam
Information of Islam
Islam
What is
Islam?
 ISLAM
Is an Abrahamic monotheistic
religion that espouses that God is
one and incomparable and that
the purpose of man’s existence is
to worship and serve God.
The Arabic word for God is Allah.
Islam started in Arabia and was revealed to humanity by
the prophet Muhammad who is considered in this
religion as the last prophet of God.

The word Islam in Arabic language means “Surrender”

or “submission”

Contextually meaning submission to the will of God. An

adherent of Islam is called a Muslim, which in Arabic
means “one who surrenders to God.”
TRIVIA

In 2022, Indonesia has the largest population of Muslims worldwide

with around 241.5 million. This was followed with around 225.6 million
Muslims in Pakistan and 211.16 million Muslims in India.
“The most beloved deeds to
Allah are those that are
consistent, even if they are
small.”

—Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)

Elements
of Islam
The Founder
 Prophet Muhammad PBUH ( 570 - 632 ad )

- Is the last prophet according to

Islam. His revelations, covering
political and social as well as
religious principles became the
basis of Islamic religion and
civilization.
- Around the year AD 570, Muhammad was born in
Mecca at the time was the central city of the
Arabian Peninsula. He belonged to the clan of
Hashim, a poor but respected branch of the
esteemed and prominent tribe of Quraysh. His
father died before he was born. When he was six, he
was brought up by his grandfather Abd al-Muttalib
after his mother’s death, and by his uncle Abu Talib
after his grandfather’s demise.
- In 610 CE during the retreat in the hills outside
Mecca.In the cave of Hira an angel named Gabriel
was said to appear to a fearful Muhammad and
told him that he was God’s chosen messenger.
Muhammad received the, first verses of the Qur’an,
the first revelation from God. Frightened and
shaken, Muhammad went to his home and
Khadija became the first person to accept his
message and convert to Islam.
Sacred text: Quran
and Hadith
Qur'an
-The Qur'an (koran) is the holy book of islam. Islam
holds that this sacred scripture is the infallible
word of Allah, as it was revealed to the prophet
Muhammad in the 7th century. In 114 chapters,
called suras, the Qur'an discusses a number of
topics, including the life of Muhammad, the
relationship between God and Humans, prophet
and the messengers, and human responsibility and
judgement.
Hadith
-Hadith or athar is a form of Islamic oral
tradition containing the purported words,
actions, and the silent approvals of the
prophet Muhammad. Each hadith is
associated with a chain of narrators.
Compilations of hadith were collected by
Islamic scholars in the centuries after
Muhammad's death
The second source of authority is Islam,
complements the Qur’an and affords the most wide-
ranging source of Islamic law. It is held that the
ultimate understanding of the Qur’an relies on the
context of Muhammad’s life and the manners in
which he observed and applied its message. It is also
believed that Muhammad’s sayings and practices
were entreated by his companions to answer
questions about Islam.
Doctrines: The 5
Pillars of Islam
Shahada
Professing of confesion of faith (shahada or
kalima) The shahada in Islam is the pronouncing of
the Arabic statement "La ilah illa Allah wa
Muhammad rasul Allah," meaning "There is no
God but the one God and Muhammad is His
prophet." In Shia Islam, it is often combined with
the phrase "wa Ali Wali Allah." The shahada is also
part of the Muslim call to prayer, known as the
namaz in Iran, India, and Turkey.
Salat
Carrying out the five daily prayers (salat) the
salat refers to five daily prayers performed
after ritual bathing, occurring before sunrise,
noon, mid-afternoon, sunset, and midnight.
Shia Muslims combine these prayers, requiring
three daily prayers, and practice specific
postures
Saum
Fasting during the month of Ramadan
(saum) the saum is a Muslim fasting
period for healthy adults during
Ramadan, excluding food, drink, and
sexual relations. Sick individuals and
nursing women are excused, but must
compensate for missed fasts.
Zakat
Praying the alms tax(zakat) the zakat is an
annual alms tax on crops, livestock, precious
metals, and cash of Muslims above
subsistence, collected by jurists who act as
governors of the imam, aiming to distribute it
to the poor
Hajj
Performing at least once in a life, the
major piligrimage in Mecca (Hajj). The hajj
is the second pilgrimage to Mecca for all
healthy adults, after the umra. It's
performed during Dhu al-Hijja, the last
lunar month, and can be performed by
males or females.
God: Allah
Allah
Allah is the Arabic name of the supreme being. The
term is a contraction of the Arabic al-llah, “the God.”
Both the idea and the word existed in preislamic
Arabian tradition. Although the pre-islamic Arabs
recognized other, lesser gods, they recognized allah
as the supreme God.
Practitioners: Sunni,
Shi’ite and Sufi
Sunni
Sunni Islam, one of the two main branches of Islam, is
based on the Sunna, meaning the "way" or "example"
of the prophet Muhammad. Sunni Muslims believe that
Muhammad willed that the Muslim community
choose a successor, while Shia Muslims believe that
Muhammad chose his son-in-law, Ali, as his
successor. Sunni Islam also has differences in
interpretation of the Qur'an, with varying schools of law
and interpretations. The Sunni tradition aims to
accommodate minor opinions and affirm consensus in
doctrinal matters.
Shi'ite
Shia Islam, the second-largest branch of Islam,
emerged from a dispute over the succession to
Muhammad. After the assassination of Ali, the
followers of the 'Shia' (partisants) claimed Ali's right
to succeed Muhammad directly. They believed only Ali
and his wife, Fatima, were entitled to rule the Islamic
community. The Shia developed a doctrine of
infallibility, sinlessness, and divine right to authority of
imams, with 12 imams identified as the 'twelvers'. Shia
Muslims await justice on earth.
Sufi
Sufism's emphasis on intuitive
knowledge and God's love boosted
Islam's appeal, extending beyond the
Middle East. Sufi brotherhoods' success
was largely due to their founders'
humanitarianism, helping the poor, and
serving as mediators.
Issues: Gender
Inequality, Militant
Islam and Migration
Gender Inequality
In Islamic countries, the issue on
gender inequality involves a
secular, liberal feminism
seeking to eradicate
discrimination against women
and to outlaw practices such as
polygyny (multiple wives),
limitation of the right of divorce
to the husband, and purdah.
Militant Islam

a combination of abject poverty, authoritarian rule, and the

skepticism of Central Asian leaders about even peaceful
manifestations of Islam have led to the rise of militant groups
throughout the region.
 Migration

Muslim immigrants saw that they had better access to higher

education, which may have been denied to them in their
homeland. They, therefore, hoped to realize their dreams and
goals by migrated to the United States and taking advantage
of "--' the educational opportunities offered.
 ines
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en i
e op
Th n
ur a
of Q
Sura Al-Fatiha (also called “The Opening’ or
“The Exordium’) is the first chapter (surah) of
the Quran. The following is an English
translation of Surah Al-Fatiha:
“In the name of Allah, the most Gracious, the
Most Merciful:
All Praise is due to Allah, Lord of the Universe
The Most Gracious, The Most Merciful.
Owner of the Day of Judgement.
You alone do we worship, and You alone we turn
to for help
Guide us to the straight path;
The path of those on whom you have bestowed
your grace, not of those who have earned your
anger, nor of those who went astray
Al-Fatiha has a special role in Muslim’s daily
prayers (salat), being recited at the start of
each unit of prayer (rak’ah). Its seven verses
(ayat) are a prayer for the guidance, lordship,
and mercy of Allah.
Core teachings
of Islam
 Islam teaches that there is only one God, Allah, and
Muhammad is His final and greatest messenger. This
teaching has implications for the religion, which claims
to have always existed and was gradually revealed to
humanity by various prophets. The Qur'an, Islam's
holy book, is the final revelation of the faith.
Islam's central teaching is the existence of one all-
powerful, all-knowing God, Allah, as the creator of
the universe. This fundamental concept, known as
'tawhiid', is the backbone of Islamic theology and
practices. Islam promotes a collective sense of
loyalty to Allah, transcending class, race, and
religious differences, forming the umma
community.
 “ Verily, with
hardship there’s
relief ”
-Quran 94:5