Republic of the Philippines I.

OBJECTIVES
Department of Education
Region III A. Content Standards: The learner demonstrates understanding
Schools Division Office of Bulacan of observation and interview procedures and skills
CARLOS F. GONZALES HIGH SCHOOL B. Performance Standards: The learner is able to gather
relevant information with intellectual honesty

C.MELCs: collects data through observation and interviews

(CS_RS11- IVd-f-1)
Practical Research 1
D. Specific Objectives:
Quarter 2 – Module 4: collect data through observations and interviews
Collecting Data through
II.CONTENT
Observations and Interviews Lesson 4 Collecting Data through Observations and Interviews
ACTIVITY SHEET 4 Page 2

NAME: _______________________________________________________
GRADE AND SECTION: ______________________________________
DATE OF SUBMISSION: _____________________________________

General Directions: Carefully read all directions and supply

what is asked. Write your answers in a separate sheet of paper.

CFGHS-SHS-PR1__________

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III. PROCEDURES: B. Reviewing the previous lesson
Match the following tools in Column A with the descriptions in
A. Preliminary Activities Column B on how they can be used in gathering and researching
Direction: Identify the term being described in the following information. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
statements. Choose from the given options in the box. Write your
A B
answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Pen and Paper a. Used to capture pictures of important events
2. Camera in the gathering of data
1. It is an observation tool that makes use of ratings or numerical
3. Laptop b. Used to collect voice recording of the
rankings.
subject
2. It refers to a conversation that is designed to obtain specific kinds of
4. Recorder in an interview
information.
5. Video Camera c. Used in researching relevant information
3. It is a type of observation which uses a checklist wherein expected
and
behaviors of interest are already specified.
For encoding the collected data
4. It is a type of observation which allows the researcher to explain
d. Used to present ratings or numerical
events without preconceived ideas about what will be observed.
rankings
5. It is a type of interview wherein the participants belong to a group
e. Used to make a written record of important
that exists independently of the study.
data and transactions, usually in events that are
6. It is a type of interview wherein the participants are selected by the
continuous and do not provide ample time to set up
researcher according to specific sampling criteria.
recording devices
7. It enables the researcher to collect data on natural phenomena or
f. Used to take clips of actual events that serve
behavior as it occurs.
as sources of information for the research
8. It is a type of interview being conducted with several respondents
simultaneously.
9. It is a type of interview which follows a particular progression and Page 4
has a well-defined content.
10. It is a type of interview which asks specific sets of questions, but
also provides additional probes that are not included in the list of
original questions.

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C. Presenting New Lesson 3. Discussion of the topic (Abstraction)
Data Collection Methods
Motivation
Observe your surroundings very keenly using all your senses. The most frequently used data collection methods in
Describe the people or things around you by accomplishing “My qualitative research are observations and interviews. It must be
Observation” column in the given table below. Write your answers noted that it is very important for the researcher to decide on the
on a separate sheet of paper. most appropriate method to be utilized in a particular study, since it
may eventually affect the reliability and validity of research findings.

OTHERS’ Interview is a conversation that is intended to obtain specific

OBSERVATION MY OBSERVATION
OBSERVATION kinds of information. It explores the interviewee’s opinions, beliefs,
Using sense of sight viewpoints, thoughts, experiences and judgements about something.
Using sense of hearing The researcher, as the interviewer, needs to ensure that the
Using sense of smell interviewee expresses himself/herself clearly during the exchange of
Using sense of touch ideas. Assuring confidentiality of the data collected, and setting a
Using sense of taste natural and comfortable environment between the interviewer and
interviewee are important considerations in the conduct of an
Now, let us see if you have similar observation with others. interview.
Kindly ask somebody from your family members or relatives to do
the same task. Then, record his/her observations under “Other’s A group interview is conducted with several respondents
Observation” column. simultaneously – ideally six to ten people, or depending on the
researcher’s need for the study. Group interviews can be classified
into two types: (1) Focus group – participants are selected through
Page 5 purposive sampling in which exclusion and inclusion criteria are
considered to identify the participants who will best fit in the study
(e.g. senior high school students who are displaced due to pandemic;
families which belong to a particular indigenous group); and (2)
Natural group – the participants belong to a group that exists
independently of the study (e.g. all students in a class; all employees
in a company).

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 An interview schedule is the research instrument often used Guide in Conducting In-depth Interviews (Prieto, et.al, 2017)
in this method. It gives the interview the desired amount of 1. Planning Stage
structure and guarantees that the flow of interview stays on track. - Identify the target participants in the study.
On the other hand, a topic guide is less restrictive in nature which - Have a listing of the participants to be interviewed.
allows the respondents to engage in a more free and dynamic 2. Development of Instrument
conversation during a group interview. Some researchers believe - Develop the interview schedule/guide.
that recording responses by hand may disrupt the flow and pace of - List the questions to be asked during the interview.
the interview. With this, the data obtained from an interview may - An ideal number of not more than 15 questions may guide
be recorded using a voice recorder or video camera as long as the you in the interview. However, further questions may be asked for in-
consent from the respondent is secured. depth probing of issues which may pop out during the interview
process. Take note that consultation with the experts must be done
Types of Interview to validate the said questions to be used.
1. Structured – the interview follows a particular progression and
has a well-defined content. The researcher does not ask questions
that are not part of the prepared questionnaire. Sample Interview Questions
1. Open-ended questions
2. Unstructured – the interview is in the form of normal Please describe your thoughts about Alternative Learning
conversation or a freewheeling exchange of ideas. System (ALS). As an ALS student,
• What activities do you perform inside and outside the
3. Semi-structured – the interview caters a specific set of classroom?
questions, but there are also additional probes that may come in • How will you describe your activities inside the classroom?
the form of follow-up questions that are not included in the list of • How will you describe your activities outside the classroom?
original questions. • Describe the quality of modules and other learning materials
you are using.
Page 7 • Describe the strategies being used by your teachers to help
you succeed in your studies.

2. Probing questions for further clarification

• What else can you say about the program?
• Kindly elaborate the issue on the quality of modules.
• Please tell me more about your experiences.
• Please give examples.
• Please explain further your thoughts.

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 Observation is a method that is used to collect data on Independent Activities
natural phenomena or behavior as it occurs. The researcher and Activity A
participant/s must do it in a quiet, inconspicuous, and unobtrusive Direction: Accomplish the given observation checklist on dealing
manner to get realistic data while considering different dimensions. with stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Observe one of your
An observation checklist is quantitative in nature, and makes use of family members or relatives, and tick under the column “Yes” if the
ratings or numerical rankings. On the other hand, an observation given behavior is being manifested, and “No” if it is not. Copy and
guide is more qualitative, and allows for more general and answer it on your answer sheet. Be guided with the rubric on
descriptive documentation. assessing the observation checklist.
Types of Observation
1. Structured – the researcher uses a checklist wherein
expected behaviors of interest are already specified.
2. Unstructured – the researcher observes things as they
happen without any preconceived ideas about what will be observed.

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Page 10
Reflection
Using a Venn diagram, compare and contrast the two data collection
Assessment
Read and analyze the following statements about collecting data
methods you have learned focusing on their types and definition.
through observations and interviews. Write ACCEPT if you think it
Write your answers on your answer sheets.
is true, and REJECT if it is false. Write your answers on your answer
sheet
.
1. The interviewer must be knowledgeable on the subject or topic
of concern.
2. Unstructured interviews can be in the form of normal
conversations or a freewheeling exchange of ideas.
3. Researchers conducting group interviews often use topic guides
which resemble interview schedules, but are less restrictive in
structure to allow the respondents a more free and dynamic
OBSERVATION INTERVIEW exchange of ideas.
4. The conduct of questioning in a semi-structured interview follows
a particular progression and has a well-defined content.
5. Participants in natural groups are selected by the researcher
according to specific sampling criteria.
6. Data obtained from an interview may be recorded with the
permission of the respondent.
7. Observations cannot be used in natural or experimental settings.
8. An observation checklist allows for more general and descriptive
documentation.
9. There are different dimensions that should be taken into
consideration when conducting an observation.
10. Unstructured observation is performed by the researcher to
Page 11 explain events without any preconceived ideas about what will be
observed.

Page 12
References:
Chan, Sally W. 2020. "COVID-19 Student Stress Questionnaire:
Development and Validation of a Questionnaire to Evaluate
Students’ Stressors Related to the Coronavirus Pandemic
Lockdown." Frontiers in Psychology. October 22. Accessed
February 17, 2021.
https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/576758/fpsyg-11-576758-
HTML/image_m/fpsyg-11-576758-t006.jpg.

Cristobal, Amadeo Jr. P; Cristobal, Maura Consolacion D. 2017.

Practical Research 1 for Senior High School. Quezon City: C&E
Publishing, Inc.

DepEd. 2020. "K to 12 Curriculum Final Most Essential Learning

Competencies." Practical Research 1. Department of Education .
Page 14
—. 2016. "K to 12 Curriculum Guide." Practical Research 1.
Department of Education.

Prieto, Nelia G.; Naval, Victoria C.; Carey, Teresita G. 2017.

Practical Research 1 for Senior High School. Quezon City, Metro
Manila, Philippines: LORIMAR Publishing, Inc.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2021. "Centers for

Disease Control and Prevention." www.cdc.gov.usa. January 22.
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/daily-life-coping/mana
gingstress-anxiety.html.

World Health Organization. 2020. "Mental Health and Psychosocial

Considerations during the COVID-19 Outbreak." March 18.
Accessed February 16, 2021. https://www.who.int/docs/default-
source/coronaviruse/mental-healthconsiderations.pdf
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