RS Aggarwal Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3

Linear Equations in Two Variables

Exercise 3E Page No: 145

Question 1:

Solution:
Let us consider,
Cost of one chair = ₹ x and
Cost of one table = ₹ y
As per the statement,
5x + 4y = ₹ 5600 …(1)
4x + 3y = ₹ 4340 …(2)
Using elimination method:
Multiply (1) by 3 and (2) by 4. And subtract both the equations.

So, x = 560
From (1):
5 x 560 + 4y = 5600
2800 + 4y = 5600
4y = 5600 – 2800
4y = 2800
y = 700
Answer:
Cost of one chair = ₹ 560
and cost of one table = ₹ 700
Question 2:

Solution:
Let us consider,
Cost of one spoon = ₹ x and
 RS Aggarwal Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3
Linear Equations in Two Variables

Cost of one fork = ₹ y

As per the statement,
23x + 17y = 1770 …(1)
17x + 23y = 1830 …(2)
Adding both the equations, we get
40x + 40y = 3600
Dividing by 40,
x + y = 90 …(3)
and subtracting (2) from (1)
6x – 6y = -60
Dividing by 6,
x – y = -10 …(4)
Now, Adding (3) and (4)
2x = 80
or x = 40
From (3): x + y = 90
40 + y = 90
y = 50
Therefore, Cost of one spoon = ₹ 40
and cost of one fork = ₹ 50
Question 3:

Solution:
Let us consider,
Number of 25-paisa coins = x and
Number 50-paisa coins = y
Total number of coins = 50
and total amount = ₹ 19.50 or 1950 paisa
x + y = 50 …(1)
25x + 50y = 1950
x + 2y = 78 …(2)
Subtracting (1) from (2),
 RS Aggarwal Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3
Linear Equations in Two Variables

y = 28
And, x = 50 – y = 50 – 28 = 22
Number of 25-paisa coins = 22
and 50-paisa coins = 28
Question 4:

Solution:
Given: Sum of two numbers is 137 and difference is 43
Let us consider, first number = x and
Second number = y
x + y = 137 …..(1)
x – y = 43 ……(2)
Adding both the equations, we get
2x = 180
or x = 90
On subtracting (2) from (1),
2y = 94
y = 47
So,
First number = 90 and
Second number = 47
Question 5:

Solution:
Let us consider, first number = x and
Second number = y
As per the statement,
2x + 3y = 92 …(1)
4x – 7y = 2 …(2)
Using elimination method:
Multiply (1) by 2 and (2) by 1, we get
4x + 6y = 184 …..(3)
 RS Aggarwal Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3
Linear Equations in Two Variables

4x – 7y = 2 …….(4)
Subtracting (3) from (4),
13y = 182
y = 14
From (1), 2x + 3y = 92
2x + 3 x 14 = 92
2x + 42 = 92
2x = 92 – 42 = 50
x = 25
First number = 25
Second number = 14
Question 6:

Solution:
Let us consider,
First number = x and
Second number = y
As per the statement,
3x + y=142 …(1)
4x – y = 138 …(2)
Using elimination method:
Add (1) and (2), we get
7x = 280
x = 40
From (1): 3 x 40 + y = 142
120 + y = 142
y = 142 – 120 = 22
Answer:
First number = 40,
Second number = 22
Question 7:
 RS Aggarwal Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3
Linear Equations in Two Variables

Solution:
Let us consider,
First greater number = x and
Second smaller number = y
As per the statement,
2x – 45 = y …(1)
2y – 21 = x …(2)
Using Substitution method:
Substituting the value of y in (2),
2 (2x – 45) – 21 = x
4x – 90 – 21 = x
4x – x = 111
3x = 111
x = 37
From (1): y = 2 x 37 – 45 = 29
Answer:
The numbers are 37 and 29.
Question 8:

Solution:
Let us consider, larger number = x and
Smaller number = y
As per the statement,
3x = 4y + 8 …….(1)
5y = 3x + 5 …(2)
Using Substitution method:
Substitute the value of 3x in (2), we get
5y = 4y + 8 + 5
5y – 4y = 13
or y = 13
From (1): 3x = 4 x 13 + 8 = 60
 RS Aggarwal Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3
Linear Equations in Two Variables

x = 20
Answer:
Larger number = 20
Smaller number = 13
Question 9:

Solution:
Let us consider,
First number = x and
Second number = y
As per the statement,
(x+2)/(y+2) = 1/2
or y + 2 = 2x + 4
or y = 2x + 2 ………….(1)
And
(x-4)/(y-4) = 5/11
or 11(x-4) = 5(y – 4)
11x – 44 = 5(2x + 2) – 20 (using result of equation (1) )
11x – 44 = 10x + 10 – 20
11x – 10x = 10 – 20 + 44
or x = 34
From (1): y = 2 x 34 + 2 = 68 + 2 = 70
Answer:
Numbers are 34 and 70
Question 10:

Solution:
Let us consider,
First number = x and
Second number = y
(Assume y is smaller)
 RS Aggarwal Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3
Linear Equations in Two Variables

As per the statement,

x – y = 14 …..(1)
and x² – y² = 448
(x + y) (x – y) = 448
(x + y) x 14 = 448
x + y = 32 ……(2)
Adding (1) and (2),
2x = 46 or x = 23
Subtracting (1) from (2)
2y = 18 or y = 9
Answer:
Numbers are 23 and 9
Question 11:

Solution:
Let us consider,
One’s digit of a two digit number = x and
Ten’s digit = y
So, the number is x + 10y
By interchanging the digits,
One’s digit = y and
Ten’s digit = x
Number is y + 10x
As per the statement,
x + y = 12 ………. (1)
y + 10x = x + 10y + 18
y + 10x – x – 10y = 18
x – y = 2 …(2)
Adding (1) and (2), we have
2x = 14 or x = 7
On subtracting (1) from (2),
2y = 10 or y = 5
 RS Aggarwal Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3
Linear Equations in Two Variables

Answer:
Number = 7 + 10 x 5 = 57
Question 12:

Solution:
Let us consider, one’s digit of a two digit number = x and
ten’s digit = y
The number is x + 10y
After reversing the digits,
One’s digit = y
and ten’s digit = x
The number is y + 10x
As per the statement,
x + 10y – 27 = y + 10x
y + 10x – x – 10y = -27
9x – 9y = -27
x – y = -3 …(1)
Again,
7 (x + y) = x + 10y
7x + 7y = x+ 10y
7x – x = 10y – 7y
6x = 3y
2x = y …(2)
Using Substitution method:
Substituting the value of y in (1)
x – 2x = -3
-x = -3
or x = 3
From (2): y = 2(3) = 6
Answer:
Number = x + 10y = 3 + 10( 6) = 63
Question 13:
 RS Aggarwal Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3
Linear Equations in Two Variables

Solution:
Let us consider, one’s digit of a two digit number = x and
ten’s digit = y
The number is x + 10y
After interchanging the digits,
One’s digit = y and
ten’s digit = x
The number is y + 10x
As per the statement,
x + y= 15 ………….(1)
And,
y + 10x = x + 10y + 9
y + 10x – x – 10y = 9
9x – 9y = 9
x – y = 1 …(2)
On adding, we get
2x = 16
Or x = 8
On subtracting (2) from (1)
2y = 14
y=7
Answer:
Number = x + 10y = 8 + 10( 7) = 78
Question 14:

Solution:
Let us consider, one’s digit of the two digit number = x and
Ten’s digit = y
The number is x + 10y
By reversing the digits,
 RS Aggarwal Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3
Linear Equations in Two Variables

One’s digit = y and

ten’s digit = x
The number is y + 10x
Now, As per the statement,
4(x + y) + 3 = x + 10y
4x + 4y + 3 = x + 10y
3x – 6y = -3
x – 2y = -1 ……..(1)
And,
x + 10y + 18 = y + 10x
18 = y + 10x – x – 10y
9x – 9y = 18
x – y = 2 …(2)
On subtracting (1) form (2)
y=3
Form (1): x = 2y – 1 = 2(3 ) – 1 = 5
Answer:
Number = x + 10y = 5 + 10 (3) = 35
Question 15:

Solution:
Let us consider, ones digit of a two digit number = x and
Tens digit = y
The number is x + 10y
By reversing the digits,
One’s digit = y and ten’s digit = x
The number is y + 10x
As per the statement,
(x + 10y)/(x+y) = 6
x + 10y = 6(x + y)
5x = 4y
or x = 4/5 y …………(1)
 RS Aggarwal Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3
Linear Equations in Two Variables

And,
x + 10y – 9 = y + 10x
x + 10y – y – 10x = 9
-9x + 9y = 9
x – y = -1
using equation (1)
4/5 y – y = -1
y=5
From (1): x = 4/5(5) = 4
Answer:
The number is: x + 10y = 4 + 10(5) = 54
Question 16:

Solution:
Let us consider,
One’s digit of a two digit number = x and
Ten’s digit = y
The number is x + 10y
By interchanging the digits,
One’s digit = y and ten’s digit = x
The number is y + 10x
As per the statement,
xy = 35 ………(1)
And, x + 10y + 18 = y + 10x
18 = y + 10x – x – 10y
x – y = 2 …(2)
using algebraic identity: (x + y)² = (x – y)² + 4xy
(x + y)² = (2)2 + 4(35)
= 144
= (12)2
Or x + y = 12 …(3)
Subtracting (2) from (3), we get
 RS Aggarwal Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3
Linear Equations in Two Variables

2x =14
or x = 7
Form (1) : xy = 35
7(y) = 35
y=5
Answer: The number is
x + 10y = 7 + 10(5) = 57
Question 17:

Solution:
Let us consider, one’s digit of a two digit number = x and
Ten’s digit = y
The number is x + 10y
After interchanging the digits One’s digit = y
Ten’s digit = x
The number is y + 10x
As per the statement,
xy = 18 ………(1)
And, x + 10y -63 = y + 10x
9y – 9x – y – 10x = 63
y – x = 7 …..(2)
using algebraic identity: (x + y)^2 = (x – y)^2 + 4xy
(x + y)^2 = (-7)^2 + 4(18) = 121 (Using (1))
(x + y)^2 = 11^2
or x + y = 11 …..(3)
Add (1) and (2)
2y = 18
or y = 9
From (1): xy = 18
9x = 18
x=2
Answer:
 RS Aggarwal Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3
Linear Equations in Two Variables

The number is: x + 10y = 2 + 10(9) = 92

Question 18:

Solution:
Let us consider, one’s digit of a two digit number = x and
Ten’s digit = y
Number is x + 10y
By reversing the digits,
One’s digit = y and
Ten’s digit = x
Number is y + 10x
As per the statement,
x + 10y + y + 10x = 121
11x + 11y = 121
x + y = 11 …(1)
And,
x – y = 3 …(2)
On adding, we get
2x = 14 or x = 7
On subtracting (2) form (1),
2y = 8 or y = 4
Answer:
Number = 7 + 10( 4) = 47
or 4 + 10( 7) = 4 + 70 = 74
Question 19.

Solution:
Let us consider, a fraction x/y, where x is numerator and y is the denominator.
As per the statement,
x + y = 8 …(1)
And,
(x+3)/(y+3) = 3/4
 RS Aggarwal Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3
Linear Equations in Two Variables

4(x+3) = 3(y+3)
4x – 3y = -3 …..(2)
Using the Substitution method:
Substitute the value of x from (1) in (2), we get
4(8 – y) – 3y = -3
32 – 4y – 3y = -3
-7y = -35
or y = 5
From (1): x + 5 = 8
or x = 3
Answer: Fraction is 3/5
Question 20:

Solution:
Let us consider, a fraction x/y, where x is numerator and y is denominator.
As per the statement,
(x + 2)/y = ½
x/y – 1 = 1/3
2x + 4 = y …(1)
And, 3x = y – 1 …(2)
Using Substitution method:
Using (1) in (2)
3x = 2x + 4 – 1
3x = 2x + 3
x=3
Form (1): y = 2(3) + 4 = 10
Answer: Required fraction is 3/10