Application of Derivatives

Marginal Cost, Marginal Revenue, Maximum Profit

1. A company produces x units in a year and the variable cost is V ( x )=x 2−2 x. Also, the
company spends a fixed cost of ₹15,000 on commissions and rent, then
(i) Find the total cost function C ( x ).
(ii) If ‘p’ the price per unit is given by p=5 – x then find its revenue function.
2. A toy manufacturing firm assesses its variable cost to be x times the sum of 30 and x ,
where x is the number of toys produced, also the cost incurred on storage is ₹1500. Find
the total cost function and the marginal cost when 20 toys are produced.
3. The price per unit of a commodity produced by a company is given by p=30−2 x and x is
the quantity demanded. Find the revenue function R , the marginal revenue when 5
commodities are in demand (or produced).
4. A stationery company manufactures x units of pen in a given time, if the cost of raw
material is square of the pens produced, cost of transportation is twice the number of
pens produced and the property tax costs ₹5000. Then, find the
(i) cost function C ( x ) (ii) cost of producing 21st pen (iii) marginal cost of
producing 50 pens
5. A firm knows that the price per unit p for one of its product is linear. It also knows that it
can sell 1400 units when the price is ₹4 per unit, and it can sell 1800 units at a price of ₹2
per unit. Find the price per unit if x units are sold (or demanded). Also find the revenue
function and the marginal revenue function.
6. The total cost function is given by C ( x)=x 2 +30 x +1500. Find the marginal cost when 10 units
are produced.
7. The total cost C (x) of producing x items in a firm is given by C ( x )=0.005 x 3−0.02 x 2 +30 x+ 6000.
Find the marginal cost when 4 units are produced.
8. The total revenue received from the sale of x units of a product is given by
2
R ( x )=3 x + 40 x+10 . Find the marginal revenue when x=5.
9. If the total revenue (₹) received from the sale of x units of a product is given by:
2
R(x )=3 x + 36 x +5 , then find the marginal revenue, when x=15 .
10. A company produces a certain commodity with 2400 fixed cost. The variable cost is
estimated to be 25% of the total revenue received on selling the product at a rate of 8 per
unit. Find the following:
(i) Cost Function (ii) Revenue Function (iii) Breakeven Point (iv) Profit
Function
3
x
11. A firm has following total cost and demand functions: C ( x )= −7 x2 +111 x+50 and x=100−p
3
(i) Find the total revenue function in terms of x .
(ii) Find the total profit function P in terms of x .
(iii) Find the profit maximizing level of output of x .
(iv) What is the maximum profit, taking rupee as a unit of money?
12. The demand function of a commodity is given by: x=82−p and its total cost function is
given by: TC=100+60 x . Find the value of x for maximum profit.
13. The demand function of a toy is, x=75−3 p and its total cost function is TC=100+3 x . Find
the value of x for maximum profit.
3
x
14. Let the cost function of firm be given by the equation C ( x )= −10 x 2 +300 x . Find the output
3
at which the marginal cost MC is minimum.
15. Assertion: The maximum profit that a company makes if profit function is given by

Reason: The profit is maximum at x=a if P '(a)=0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 P ' '(a)> 0

2
P( x )=41+24 x−8 x ; where x is the number of units and P is the profit is 59.

Tangent and Normal

16. Find slope of the tangent and normal at a point ( 2 , 6 ) to the curve y=x 3−x
17. Find slope of the normal to the curve y=2 x 2−5 x at x=−1
18. Find the equation of tangent to the curve y=x 3 + x at the point (1, 2)
19. Find the equation of normal at the point (1, 1) to the curve 2 y + x 2=3
20. Find the equation of the tangent and normal to the curve x 2/ 3 + y 2/ 3=2 at (1, 1).
21. Find the equation of the tangent and normal to the curve y=e x + x 2 +1 at the point (0, 2) on
it.
22. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y=(x 3−1)(x−2) where the curve cuts the x -
axis.
23. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y=2 x 3−15 x 2+ 36 x−21, which is parallel to x -
axis.
24. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve x 2+ 3 y−3=0, which is parallel to the line
y=4 x−5.
25. A fish jumps out of the water surface and follows the parabolic path y=6 x −x2 −8. The fish
reaches the highest height in its path at (3, 1). Find the slope of the path of the fish at (3,
1).
Increasing and Decreasing Functions
26. Find the intervals in which the function f ( x )=x 4−4 x3 +6 x 2−4 x +1 is increasing or decreasing.
3 5
27. Find the interval in which the function f (x)=5 x 2 – 3 x 2 ( x> 0) is increasing or decreasing.
28. Find the intervals in which f ( x )=2 x 3−24 x +107 is strictly increasing or strictly decreasing.
4 2
x 11 x
29. Find the intervals in which f (x)= −2 x 3+ −6 x is strictly increasing or strictly
4 2
decreasing.
30. A company finds that its total revenue may be determined by R(x )=[ 240000−( x−500 )2 ] . Find
when is the revenue function increasing and when decreasing?
31. The price p per unit at which a company can sell all that it produces is given by p=29−x ,
where x is the number of units produced and the total cost function C ( x )=45+11 x . Find the
interval in which the profit is increasing and decreasing.
3
x
32. Let the cost function for a manufacturer is given by C (x)= −x 2+2 x . Find the interval in
3
which the marginal cost is decreasing.
Maxima and Minima
33. Find all the points of local maxima and local minima for the function f ( x )=x 3−6 x2 +9 x−8.
34. Find local maximum and local minimum values of function f given by f ( x )=3 x 4 + 4 x 3−12 x 2+12
.
1 2
35. Find the absolute minimum value of the function f ( x )=4 x− x in the interval −2 , .
2 [ 9
2 ]
36. If x + y=8 , then find the maximum value of xy .
37. Divide a number 15 into two parts such that the square of one part multiplied with the
cube of the other part is maximum.
38. Divide the number 8 into two positive numbers such that the sum of the cube of one and
the square of the other is minimum.
39. Find a point on the curve y 2=2 x which is nearest to the point (1, 4).
40. Find a point on the curve x 2=2 y which is nearest to the point (0, 5).
41. An open tank with the square bottom is to contain 4000 cubic cm of liquid is to be
constructed. Find the dimensions of the tank so that the surface area of the tank is
minimum.
42. A window is in the form of a rectangle mounted by a semi-circular opening. The total
perimeter of the window is 10 m. Find the dimensions of the rectangular part of the
window to admit maximum light through the whole opening.
43. The production manager of a company plans to include 180 sq cm of actual printed matter
in each page of a book under production. Each page should have a 2.5 cm wide margin
 along the top and bottom and 2 cm wide margin along the sides. What are the most
economical dimensions of each printed page?
44. A piece of wire of length l is cut into two parts, one of which is bent in the shape of a circle
and the other into the shape of a square. How should the wire be cut so that the sum of
the areas of the circle and the square is minimum.