Technical University of Munich

School of Engineering and Design

Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation

BIM-based Tendering,
Awarding, and Billing

Prof. Dr.-Ing. André Borrmann / Sebastian Esser, M.Sc.

Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation
Technical University of Munich
Technical University of Munich
School of Engineering and Design
Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation

Conventional vs. BIM-based BoQ

 One of the most important BIM use cases

 Substantial advantages over conventional workflows

 No manual calculations based on drawings

 Volumes, surfaces, quantities are taken from or

computed from the model

 Less errors

 Less change orders

 Less budget overruns

Tekla.com

BIM.fundamentals 2
Technical University of Munich
School of Engineering and Design
Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation

QTO in construction projects

 Quantity take-off (QTO) provides the basis for

 Cost estimations

 Tendering

 Bidding Client / Cost

Tendering Payment
Planner estimation
 Used on client-side (planners):

 prepare tendering Contractor Bidding Invoicing

 Used on contractor-side:
Design Tendering Construction
 prepare bid, invoicing

BIM.fundamentals 3
Technical University of Munich
School of Engineering and Design
Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation

Planning

Cost controlling
 Description of the work to be done
o as a bill of quantities (BoQ)
Tender o as functional description

Offer
 Offer review
Contracting  Preparation of a price comparison list
 Bidder interviews (private sector tenders)
Contract  Commissioning as unit price (EP) contract or
lump sum

Execution

 Create the invoices

Acceptance Accounting  Audit of services rendered
o on the basis of the LVs or L. program (LP)
o of an allowance (EP-LV) or by estimation
(lump sum).
Warranty

BIM.fundamentals 5
Technical University of Munich
School of Engineering and Design
Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation

Bill of quantities (BOQ)

 In German: “Leistungsverzeichnis”

 A (long) list of activities with associated quantities

 with position numbers

 established structures (client-specific)

 Most important part of the tendering documents

 description of work to be performed

 Large number of software products (AVA)

BIM.fundamentals 6
Technical University of Munich
School of Engineering and Design
Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation

Bill of quantities (BOQ)

 Predefined texts for tasks

 In Germany:
Standardleistungsbuch (StLB) Bau

 Digitized by Schiller+Partner
= Digitale Baudaten

BIM.fundamentals 7
Technical University of Munich
School of Engineering and Design
Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation

BIM-based BoQ creation

General procedure

Classification + Filtering & sSlection

Assignment of based on classes +
Properties properties

BIM Authoring Tool BoQ Tool

BIM.fundamentals 8
Technical University of Munich
School of Engineering and Design
Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation

Modellgestützte AVA: RIB iTwo

www.rib-software.com/itwo

BIM.fundamentals 9
Technical University of Munich
School of Engineering and Design
Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation

BIM.fundamentals 10
Technical University of Munich
School of Engineering and Design
Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation

Input
 Use semantically correct BIM components
Components &
properties
 Uniform naming for model elements &
properties

 Sensible model division

 One Element may belong to several tasks
 One task involves multiple elements Spatial
 Not every quantity is modeled explicitely breakdown
 Elements may occur in various discipline
models (serving specific design use cases)

BIM.fundamentals 11
Technical University of Munich
School of Engineering and Design
Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation

CAD quantities LV quantities

Component oriented Task oriented
one component ⚭ several tasks one task ⚭ several components

BIM.fundamentals 12
Technical University of Munich
School of Engineering and Design
Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation

LV texts
Project LV structure LV texts Quantity formulas Quantity formula
Units of measure Unit of measure

(Partial) service
catalogs
BoQ

 In AVA software:
 Tasks are compiled on a project-specific basis (e.g. according to DIN 276/277).
 The basis is usually sample tasks catalogs (e.g. StLB, DBD, own).
 Service catalogs contain tasks descriptions on a granular partial task level.
BIM.fundamentals 13
Technical University of Munich
School of Engineering and Design
Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation

Component properties
Component structure

Project LV structure
Component quantities

IFC, CPIXML Components

Model

Building Information Model

(CAD)
Sampling LV (AVA software)
 Import of a BIM model into BIM-capable AVA software ("open" data formats)
 Assignment of CAD components to BoQ positions
 Approach A: Manual matching of part selection groups with BoQ-Positions
 Approach B: BIM component types carry a matchkey. The key is also given in the BoQ catalog.
→ automated assignment.
 BoQ calculation is then performed automatically.
BIM.fundamentals 14
Technical University of Munich
School of Engineering and Design
Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation

Quantity Calculations
Option A:
Quantity calculation based on CAD component quantities

o Only main geometric dimensions

o Manual effort remains

(e.g. partial areas, enclosing rooms, ...)
Dimensions from Revit

BIM.fundamentals 16
Technical University of Munich
School of Engineering and Design
Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation

Quantity Calculations
LateralAreas
Option B: Overmeasurement n. VOB
Quantity calculation based on parametric quantity formulas &
extended geometry model

o Extendes basic geometric properties by additional knowledge

(e.g., understanding of partial surfaces, recesses, etc.)

o Largely automatic LV quantity determination

o Consideration of VOB quantity rules, e.g. overmeasurement

Quantity request: VOB side surfaces of reinforced concrete
C20/25 walls up to d=11cm
o Quantity formulas as knowledge memory
QTO(
Partial surfaces and recesses Type:="LateralArea";
in extended geometry data Component:="Component type== 'Wall‘
models like e.g. CPIXML and depth_OptOBB <=(0.11 [m])
and attribute {Concrete class} == 'C 20/25' ";
Standard:="VOB")
BIM.fundamentals 17
Technical University of Munich
School of Engineering and Design
Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation

Added values (+)

+ Quantity determination process becomes transparent and more comprehensible
+ Acceleration through partial automation of quantity determination,
especially in the case of multiple determination runs
+ Automation facilitates variant considerations in the design/ "What if...?"

Challenges (∆)
∆ CAD authoring systems only provide main dimensions for parts
Workaround: Transfer and evaluation in extended geometry formats
∆ To link CAD parts and LV positions, the part type must be assigned via a software-specific key
(e.g., matchkey).
Workaround: Manual process
∆ Modeling must be adapted to automatic evaluation in terms of detail and information content
There is a lack of general standards for BIM tender models

BIM.fundamentals 18
Technical University of Munich
School of Engineering and Design
Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation

GAEB standard
 German standard by
“Gemeinsamer Ausschuss für
Elektronik im Bauwesen” since
1985

 Digital representation of BoQ,

Tendering, Bidding, Invoicing
 different sub-schemata

 XML-based encoding

 Independent from BIM

BIM.fundamentals 19
Technical University of Munich
School of Engineering and Design
Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation

DIN 18290 (formerly DIN SPEC 91350)

 Multi-model container for transporting
both BIM model and linked BoQ
(opt. including calculations)

 “BIM-LV-Container”

 BIM model in IFC +

BoQ in GAEB DA XML +
Link model in XML format

 Supported by ORCA, California.pro, and

many more

 Allows to transfer linked models

 from planner to client

 from client to bidder DIN-bauportal.de

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Technical University of Munich
School of Engineering and Design
Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation

DIN SPEC 91400

 Defines a procedure to establish
links between BIM models and
STLB text snippets for the BoQ

 Defines classifications and

properties for BIM to match
tasks according to STLB Bau

 Schiller + Partner provides

a PlugIn for Revit

 Linking IFC file with describing

GUIDs and GAEB file with ID

BIM.fundamentals 21
Technical University of Munich
School of Engineering and Design
Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation

DIN SPEC 91400

 Classifications and properties are
represented by GUID

 GUIDs are used for direct linking

with STLB-Bau text snippets

BIM.fundamentals 22
Technical University of Munich
School of Engineering and Design
Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation

Nova AVA

BIM.fundamentals 23
Technical University of Munich
School of Engineering and Design
Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation

ORCA AVA

BIM.fundamentals 24
Technical University of Munich
School of Engineering and Design
Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation

BIM4YOU

BIM.fundamentals 25
Technical University of Munich
School of Engineering and Design
Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation

Cosoba

BIM.fundamentals 26
Technical University of Munich
School of Engineering and Design
Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation

Essentials
 BIM-based Tendering, Awarding, and Billing superseeds
error-prone and manual processes by utilizing model
information

 Difference in design paradigms:

 CAD components versus BoQ components

 m-to-n relationships between tasks and components

 Various software applications available

 Some standards and data models are already in use (e.g.,

IFC, CPIXML, X86, X89, …), however, not yet properly
adopted in the public sector.

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